Disparities in Access to Care in the Multimodal Treatment of Primary Nonmetastatic Liver Cancers and Their Impact on Patient Outcomes.

Background: Liver cancer incidence and mortality have been shown to differ by race, ethnicity, and geography. This study aims to analyze disparities in the multimodal treatment of liver cancers in Louisiana.

Methods: Cases of nonmetastatic liver cancer in Louisiana from 2010 to 2020 were obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

The utility of split function testing in determining recovery of glomerular filtration rate after living kidney donation: a cohort study.

Background: A number of UK transplantation centres use isotope studies to estimate the relative contribution from each kidney in living kidney donor assessment. The evidence that the estimation of pre-donation split function of the non-donated kidney influences post-donation renal recovery is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse whether, in the context of other donor factors, the split function of the non-donated kidney predicts the percentage recovery of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at one-year post-donation.

Cybercrime victimisation among older adults: A probability sample survey in England and Wales.

Background: Younger people are more likely to report cybercrime than older people. As older people spend more time online, this may change. If similarly exposed, risk factors including social isolation and poor health could make older adults disproportionally susceptible.

The public health significance of prior homelessness: findings on multimorbidity and mental health from a nationally representative survey.

Aims: The associations of prior homelessness with current health are unknown. Using nationally representative data collected in private households in England, this study aimed to examine Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), physical health, alcohol/substance dependence, and multimorbidities in people who formerly experienced homelessness compared to people who never experienced homelessness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised data from the 2007 and 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys.

Gpnmb and Spp1 mark a conserved macrophage injury response masking fibrosis-specific programming in the lung.

Macrophages are required for healthy repair of the lungs following injury, but they are also implicated in driving dysregulated repair with fibrosis. How these 2 distinct outcomes of lung injury are mediated by different macrophage subsets is unknown. To assess this, single-cell RNA-Seq was performed on lung macrophages isolated from mice treated with LPS or bleomycin.

Healthcare disparities in access to surgical management and outcomes of patients with nonmetastatic primary liver cancer: A population based study from Louisiana tumor registry.

Background: This study aims to identify factors associated with disparities in receipt and outcomes of surgical interventions in patients with primary nonmetastatic liver cancers.

Methods: Cases from 2010 to 2020 were identified using Louisiana Tumor Registry. Four surgical categories were utilized: none, ablation, resection, transplant.

The bronchoalveolar lavage dilution conundrum: an updated view on a long-standing problem.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is used by researchers to study molecular interactions within healthy and diseased human lungs. However, the utility of BAL fluid measurements may be limited by difficulties accounting for dilution of the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) sampled and inconsistent collection techniques. The use of endogenous markers to estimate ELF dilution has been proposed as a potential method to normalize acellular molecule measurements in BAL fluid, but these markers are also imperfect and prone to inaccuracy.

Primary care experiences of adults reporting learning disability: a probability sample survey.

Background: Adults with learning disability face multiple adversities, but evidence on their needs and primary care experiences is limited.

Aim: To compare the characteristics and primary care experiences of adults reporting learning disability with those who did not.

Design And Setting: This was an analysis of the 2022 General Practice Patient Survey, a national probability sample survey conducted in 2022 with people registered with NHS primary care in England.

Characteristics and primary care experiences of people who self-report as autistic: a probability sample survey of adults registered with primary care services in England.

Objectives: Little is known about adults who self-report as autistic. This study aimed to profile the demographic characteristics, long-term health conditions and primary care experiences of adults who self-report as autistic (including those with and without a formal diagnosis).

Design/setting: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of adults registered with National Health Service (NHS) General Practitioner (GP) surgeries in England.

A Novel Case of IFNAR1 Deficiency Identified a Common Canonical Splice Site Variant in DOCK8 in Western Polynesia: The Importance of Validating Variants of Unknown Significance in Under-Represented Ancestries.

Advanced genomic technologies such as whole exome or whole genome sequencing have improved diagnoses and disease outcomes for individuals with genetic diseases. Yet, variants of unknown significance (VUS) require rigorous validation to establish disease causality or modification, or to exclude them from further analysis. Here, we describe a young individual of Polynesian ancestry who in the first 13 mo of life presented with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, severe enterovirus meningitis and adenovirus gastroenteritis, and severe adverse reaction to MMR vaccination.

Characteristics of children with a psychiatric disorder in 1999, 2004 and 2017: an analysis of the national child mental health surveys of England.

Background: While research has described the profile of children with poor mental health, little is known about whether this profile and their needs have changed over time. Our aim was to investigate whether levels of difficulties and functional impact faced by children with a psychiatric disorder have changed over time, and whether sociodemographic and family correlates have changed.

Methods: Samples were three national probability surveys undertaken in England in 1999, 2004 and 2017 including children aged 5-15 years.

Violence against older people and associations with mental health: A national probability sample survey of the general population in England.

Background: Official estimates of violence prevalence in England exclude older people. There are few studies of elder abuse and these excluded violence from acquaintances and strangers and lack comparability with younger adults.

Objectives: To estimate prevalence of past-year violence victimisation in older people, identify factors associated with violence in older age, quantify the extent to which experience of violence in older people was associated with common mental disorder (CMD).

Population density and receipt of care for common mental disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of English household data from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey.

Objectives: People living in less urban areas in the UK may have reduced access to mental healthcare compared with people in urban areas. Although this was not reported in the 2000 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) data, subsequent changes to mental health provision and economic recession may have impacted care inequalities. We re-examined this, hypothesising that those living in less urban areas of England received less antidepressant medication and psychological interventions, compared with those living in urban areas, after adjusting for covariates including common mental disorders (CMDs) and socioeconomic status.

Trends in outcomes used to measure the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults with experience of domestic and sexual violence and abuse: a scoping review.

Objectives: In the UK, a range of support services and interventions are available to people who have experienced or perpetrated domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA). However, it is currently not clear which outcomes and outcome measures are used to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this review is to summarise, map and identify trends in outcome measures in evaluations of DSVA services and interventions in the UK.

Prevalence and nature of workplace bullying and harassment and associations with mental health conditions in England: a cross-sectional probability sample survey.

Background: Evidence on workplace bullying and harassment (WBH) in the UK has not used probability-sample surveys with robust mental health assessments. This study aimed to profile the prevalence and nature of WBH in England, identify inequalities in exposure, and quantify adjusted associations with mental health.

Methods: Data were from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the household population in England.

The Commercial Determinants of Violence: Identifying Opportunities for Violence Prevention through a Public Health-Based Framework Analysis.

Violence has immediate and long-term repercussions for the health of individuals and communities. Recent increases in the understanding of public health approaches to violence prevention have focused on the policies and practices of government, health, and other public sector agencies. However, the roles of commercial bodies in fostering and preventing violence remain largely unaddressed.

How effective are UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults who have experienced domestic and sexual violence and abuse at improving their safety and wellbeing? A systematic review protocol.

Background: Domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA) is prevalent in the UK, with wide-ranging impacts both on individuals and society. However, to date, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence for the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services for victim-survivors of DSVA. This review will aim to systematically collate, synthesise and quality assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of UK support interventions and services targeted at those who have experienced DSVA.

Prevalence and nature of workplace bullying and harassment and associations with mental health conditions in England: a cross-sectional probability sample survey.

Background: Evidence on workplace bullying and harassment (WBH) in the UK has not used probability-sample surveys with robust mental health assessments. This study aimed to profile the prevalence and nature of WBH in England, identify inequalities in WBH exposure, and quantify adjusted associations with mental health.

Methods: Data were from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the household population in England, interviewed with verbal informed consent.

Predictors of time-varying and time-invariant components of psychological distress during COVID-19 in the U.K. Household Longitudinal Study (understanding society).

To understand psychological distress during COVID-19, we need to ensure that the same construct is measured over time and investigate how much of the variance in distress is attributable to chronic time-invariant variance compared to transient time-varying variance. We conducted secondary data analyses of Understanding Society, a U.K.

Mental health and service use of parents with and without borderline intellectual functioning.

Background: People with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) encounter greater social adversities than the general population and have an increased prevalence of mental illness. However, little is known about the socio-demographic characteristics and mental health of parents with BIF.

Methods: A secondary data analysis of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014 was conducted.

Changes to healthcare utilisation and symptoms for common mental health problems over the first 21 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: parallel analyses of electronic health records and survey data in England.

Background: Few studies have investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health beyond 2020. This study quantifies changes to healthcare utilisation and symptoms for common mental health problems over the pandemic's first 21 months.

Methods: Parallel cohort studies using primary care database and survey data for adults (≥16 years) in England from January 2015 to December 2021: 16,551,842 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and 40,699 from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS).