Coxsackievirus B3-Induced mA Modification of RNA Enhances Viral Replication via Suppression of YTHDF-Mediated Stress Granule Formation.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification. Here, we demonstrate that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a common causative agent of viral myocarditis, induces mA modification primarily at the stop codon and 3' untranslated regions of its genome. As a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, CVB3 replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm through a cap-independent translation initiation mechanism.

Mechanistic Interrogation of Photochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Tetrahydrofuran Arylation Leveraging Enantioinduction Data.

This manuscript details the development of an asymmetric variant for the Ni-photoredox α-arylation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), which was originally reported in a racemic fashion by Doyle and Molander. Leveraging the enantioselectivity data that we obtained, a complex mechanistic scenario different from those originally proposed is uncovered. Specifically, an unexpected dependence of the product enantiomeric ratio was observed on both the halide identity (aryl chloride vs bromide substrates) and the Ni source.

Principal Components Analysis of Driving Simulator Variables in Novice Drivers.

Objective: Although driving simulators are powerful tools capable of measuring a wide-ranging set of tactical and operational level driving behaviors, comparing these behaviors across studies is problematic because there is no core set of driving variables to report when assessing driving behavior in simulated driving scenarios. To facilitate comparisons across studies, researchers need consistency in how driving simulator variables combine to assess driving behavior. With inter-study consistency, driving simulator research could support stronger conclusions about safe driving behaviors and more reliably identify future driver training goals.

Protracted transmission and persistence of ST80 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium clonal complex types CT2933, CT2932 and CT1916 in a large Irish hospital: a 39-month whole-genome sequencing study.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) are significant nosocomial pathogens. Sequence type (ST) 80 vanA-encoding VREfm predominate in Irish hospitals, but their transmission is poorly understood.

Aims: To investigate transmission and persistence of predominant complex type (CT) VREfm in two wards of an Irish hospital (H1) using whole-genome sequencing, and their intra- and inter-hospital dissemination.

The newborn behavioural observations system: A relationship-building intervention to support families in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim: Relationship-based interventions for neonatal intensive care unit families have potential to improve parent and infant outcomes; yet, their implementation has been modest within systems of care for high-risk newborns. The purpose of this paper is to describe a relationship-building intervention, the newborn behavioural observation system, summarise the evidence supporting its use, and address its clinical application for high-risk parent-infant dyads in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: We summarise the extant literature describing the use of the newborn behavioural observation system in high-risk populations.

Cardiometabolic Co-morbidity Burden and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease in the ISCHEMIA Trials.

Cardiometabolic co-morbidities, diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), and obesity contribute to cardiovascular disease. Circulating biomarkers facilitate prognostication for patients with cardiovascular disease. We explored the relation between cardiometabolic co-morbidity burden in patients with chronic coronary disease and biomarkers of myocardial stretch, injury, inflammation, and platelet activity.

Heart-specific NFAT5 knockout suppresses type I interferon signaling and aggravates coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is an osmosensitive transcription factor that is well-studied in renal but rarely explored in cardiac diseases. Although the association of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) with viral myocarditis is well-established, the role of NFAT5 in this disease remains largely unexplored. Previous research has demonstrated that NFAT5 restricts CVB3 replication yet is susceptible to cleavage by CVB3 proteases.

R2DRV: study protocol for longitudinal assessment of driving after mild TBI in young drivers.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and traffic-related injuries are two major public health problems disproportionately affecting young people. Young drivers, whose driving skills are still developing, are particularly vulnerable to impaired driving due to brain injuries. Despite this, there is a paucity of research on how mTBI impacts driving and when it is safe to return to drive after an mTBI.

An analysis of interagency collaboration: Lessons learned from Colorado's early intervention program.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe interagency collaboration in Part C Early Intervention (EI) programs.

Methods: Between 18 April and 9 May 2022, 48 EI service coordinators (SCs) from 14 programs in one state completed adapted versions of the Interagency Collaboration Activities Scale (IACAS) and Relational Coordination Survey (RCS). Assessing perceptions of shared structures (IACAS) and coordination quality (RCS), these combined measures summarized interagency collaboration with 11 organizations.

Risky driving behavior among individuals with Autism, ADHD, and typically developing persons.

Introduction: Many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulty with driving, including difficulty with obtaining a driver's license as well as driving safely and efficiently. Such difficulties negatively impact their ability to function independently and participate in daily activities that require driving. ASD and ADHD commonly occur co-morbidly and share many overlapping clinical features.

Behind the Wheel: Unraveling the Impact of Experience Over Age Over the First 18 Months of Licensure.

Objective: This study examined how driving attention develops with age and driving.

Methods: In this observational longitudinal study, 190 adolescents (53% female, 73% Black) were enrolled across four groups: 16- and 18-year olds with and without driving experience. They underwent driving simulation with eye-tracking technology seven times over 18 months.

Marking parties for marking written assessments: A spontaneous community of practice.

In programmes of assessment with both high and low-stakes assessments, the inclusion of open-ended long answer questions in the high-stakes examination can contribute to driving deeper learning among students. However, in larger institutions, this would generate a seemingly insurmountable marking workload. In this study, we use a focused ethnographic approach to explore how such a marking endeavour can be tackled efficiently and pragmatically.

Driving performance acutely after mTBI among young drivers.

Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can impair executive function, learning, and memory, which can negatively impact driving ability. However, little is known how the driving performance of young drivers may be impacted acutely after mTBI. This study aimed to evaluate simulated driving within 96 h of mTBI among young drivers as compared to matched healthy controls, and assess the effects of increased cognitive load on driving performance.

Mechanistic Evidence of a Ni(0/II/III) Cycle for Nickel Photoredox Amide Arylation.

This work demonstrates the dominance of a Ni(0/II/III) cycle for Ni-photoredox amide arylation, which contrasts with other Ni-photoredox C-heteroatom couplings that operate via Ni(I/III) self-sustained cycles. The kinetic data gathered when using different Ni precatalysts supports an initial Ni(0)-mediated oxidative addition into the aryl bromide. Using NiCl as the precatalyst resulted in an observable induction period, which was found to arise from a photochemical activation event to generate Ni(0) and to be prolonged by unproductive comproportionation between the Ni(II) precatalyst and the in situ generated Ni(0) active species.

Biomarkers and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease in the ISCHEMIA Trials.

Importance: Biomarkers may improve prediction of cardiovascular events for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but their importance in addition to clinical tests of inducible ischemia and CAD severity is unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic value of multiple biomarkers in stable outpatients with obstructive CAD and moderate or severe inducible ischemia.

Design And Setting: The ISCHEMIA and ISCHEMIA CKD trials randomized 5,956 participants with CAD to invasive or conservative management from July 2012 to January 2018; 1,064 participated in the biorepository.

Extended Sentinel Monitoring of Resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa Toxins in Bt Sweet Corn: Assessing Changes in Phenotypic and Allele Frequencies of Resistance.

Transgenic corn and cotton that produce Cry and Vip3Aa toxins derived from (Bt) are widely planted in the United States to control lepidopteran pests. The sustainability of these Bt crops is threatened because the corn earworm/bollworm, (Boddie), is evolving a resistance to these toxins. Using Bt sweet corn as a sentinel plant to monitor the evolution of resistance, collaborators established 146 trials in twenty-five states and five Canadian provinces during 2020-2022.

Regulatory T Cell Biomarkers Identify Patients at Risk of Developing Acute Cellular Rejection in the First Year Following Heart Transplantation.

Background: Acute cellular rejection (ACR), an alloimmune response involving CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, occurs in up to 20% of patients within the first year following heart transplantation. The balance between a conventional versus regulatory CD4+ T cell alloimmune response is believed to contribute to developing ACR. Therefore, tracking these cells may elucidate whether changes in these cell populations could signal ACR risk.

COVID-19 effects on diet, sleep, and physical activity among mid- to late-adolescents residing in the deep south in the United States.

Purpose: This study investigated the differential impact of COVID-19 on United States (US) adolescents' physical health as a function of sociodemographic factors over 18 months. It was hypothesized that the impact of COVID-19 and its mitigation efforts on physical health factors would vary by sociodemographic factors.

Design And Methods: Data were drawn from a longitudinal study in which participants (ages 16 or 18) self-reported sleep, diet, and physical activity over 18months.

Immersion of debrided diabetic foot ulcer tissue in electrochemically generated pH neutral hypochlorous acid significantly reduces the microbial bioburden: whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus, the most prevalent species recovered.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer infections (DFUIs) are the leading cause of lower-limb amputations, mediated predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus. pH-neutral electrochemically generated hypochlorous acid (anolyte) is a non-toxic, microbiocidal agent with significant potential for wound disinfection.

Aims: To investigate both the effectiveness of anolyte for microbial bioburden reduction in debrided ulcer tissues and the population of resident S.

Cross-sector Collaboration Between Public Health, Healthcare and Social Services Improves Retention: Findings from a Nurse Home Visiting Program.

The study aimed to examine the association between cross-sector collaboration in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a model home visiting program, and participant retention. We used the 2018 NFP Collaboration Survey that measured agency-level collaboration, operationalized as relational coordination and structural integration, among nine community provider types (including obstetrics care, substance use treatment, child welfare). This dataset was linked to 2014-2018 NFP program implementation data (n = 36,900).

The Impact of Homelessness, Substance Use, and Mental Illness on Surgical Inpatient Outcomes in Australia.

This study investigated inpatient surgical outcomes for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Australia. Retrospective administrative health data of emergency surgical admissions from a single center over five years, 2015 to 2020, was included. Independent associations between factors and outcomes were analyzed with binary logistic and log-linear regression.

Medicaid Payment For Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Prompts More Equitable Use.

To increase access to highly effective contraception and improve reproductive autonomy, a growing number of state Medicaid programs pay for the provision of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in addition to providing a global payment for maternity care. Using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data, we examined postpartum LARC use both overall and by race and ethnicity among respondents with Medicaid-paid births during the period 2012-18 in eight states that implemented immediate postpartum LARC payment and eight states without it. Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design, we found that the policy resulted in an overall 2.

Viral Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Mechanisms.

"Viral heart disease" is a term encompassing numerous virus-triggered heart conditions, wherein cardiac myocytes are injured, causing contractile dysfunction, cell death, or both. Cardiotropic viruses may also damage interstitial cells and vascular cells. Clinical presentation of the disorder varies widely.