Holobiont nitrogen control and its potential for eutrophication resistance in an obligate photosymbiotic jellyfish.

Background: Marine holobionts depend on microbial members for health and nutrient cycling. This is particularly evident in cnidarian-algae symbioses that facilitate energy and nutrient acquisition. However, this partnership is highly sensitive to environmental change-including eutrophication-that causes dysbiosis and contributes to global coral reef decline.

Reasons for discontinuation of acute postoperative pain ketamine infusions: A retrospective case-control study.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with early discontinuation of low-dose ketamine infusions due to adverse drug events (ADEs).

Methods: A retrospective, matched case-control study of surgical patients who received low-dose ketamine infusions for postoperative pain over 6 years was conducted. Forty-seven study patients, who required early discontinuation of their infusion due to ADEs, were included and matched 1:1 with 47 controls, who did not experience ADEs, for a total of 94 patients.

Improving Disaster Response Efforts Through the Development of a Disaster Health Care Response System.

We review the development of a disaster health care response system in Mississippi aimed at improving disaster response efforts. Large-scale disasters generate many injured and ill patients, which causes a significant utilization of emergency health care services and often requires external support to meet clinical needs. Disaster health care services require a solid infrastructure of coordination and collaboration to be effective.

Treatment of accidental perianal injection of topical thrombin with intravenous antithrombin.

While topical thrombin application can markedly improve surgical hemostasis, rapid absorption of thrombin can result in pulmonary embolism and death. We report a case of accidental interstitial infiltration of topical thrombin after hemorrhoidectomy that was treated with administration of human antithrombin and heparin anticoagulation. Except for a marked decrease in antithrombin activity from super normal to normal values, the patient exhibited no laboratory or clinical signs of pulmonary embolism, thrombin mediated consumptive loss of procoagulants, or regional thrombosis.

Infant feeding patterns in families with a diabetes history - observations from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) birth cohort study.

Objective: To assess the association between diabetes family history and infant feeding patterns.

Design: Data on breast-feeding duration and age at first introduction of cow's milk and gluten-containing cereals were collected in 3-month intervals during the first 24 months of life.

Setting: Data from the multicentre TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, including centres in the USA, Sweden, Finland and Germany.

Biomarker discovery study design for type 1 diabetes in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Aims: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young planned biomarker discovery studies on longitudinal samples for persistent confirmed islet cell autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes using dietary biomarkers, metabolomics, microbiome/viral metagenomics and gene expression.

Methods: This article describes the details of planning The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young biomarker discovery studies using a nested case-control design that was chosen as an alternative to the full cohort analysis. In the frame of a nested case-control design, it guides the choice of matching factors, selection of controls, preparation of external quality control samples and reduction of batch effects along with proper sample allocation.

Country-specific birth weight and length in type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA genotypes in combination with prenatal characteristics.

Objective: To examine the relationship between high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes for type 1 diabetes and birth size in combination with prenatal ch aracteristics in different countries.

Study Design: Four high-risk HLA genotypes were enrolled in the Environmental determinants of Diabetes in the Young study newborn babies from the general population in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United States. Stepwise regression analyses were used to adjust for country, parental physical characteristics and environmental factors during pregnancy.

Enrollment experiences in a pediatric longitudinal observational study: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Objective: Our objective was to identify characteristics of infants and their families who were enrolled, refused to enroll, or were excluded from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Method: 16,435 infants screened at birth and identified as at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) were placed into one of three categories: enrolled, excluded, or refused to enroll. Enrollment, exclusion and refusal rates were compared across countries and between infants from the general population (GP) and infants with a first degree T1DM relative (FDR).

Using a single-item rating scale as a psychiatric behavioral management triage tool in the emergency department.

Introduction: Proper monitoring of patients' behavior is essential for effective treatment and efficient disposition of psychiatric cases in the adult emergency department. The goal of the current study was to examine an attempt to implement the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale, an existing single-item measure of behavioral activity, as part of a behavioral management triage strategy for psychiatric patients in an emergency department.

Methods: For the period beginning approximately 2 months after use of the behavioral activity measure was initiated in the emergency department, charts from 284 consecutive patients who presented to the department with a chief complaint that was psychiatric in nature were reviewed.

Osteoporosis health beliefs among younger and older men and women.

The purpose of this study was to compare osteoporosis health beliefs among different age and gender groups. This study used a cross-sectional design, involved 300 participants that represent both genders and three age groups (18 to 25, 30 to 50, and 50-plus), and assessed osteoporosis health beliefs using the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS). Factor analysis revealed three subscales of OHBS: perceived susceptibility, seriousness of the condition, and health motivation to take preventative actions with acceptable levels of reliability.

Nutritional, functional and psychosocial correlates of disability among older adults.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutritional, functional and psychosocial correlates of disability among 54 older adults aged 65 years of age or older.

Methods: Using validated questionnaires and tests, nutritional risk (Mini-Nutritional Assessment), functional capacity (mobility, balance, endurance, grip strength and lower extremity strength), the psychosocial factors (life satisfaction, depression, and social support) and level of disability of the participants were examined.

Results: The study showed that functional mobility was the strongest correlate of disability, even after controlling for age, gender and residential living status (p<.

Working and reference memory in seizure-prone and seizure-resistant rats: impact of amygdala kindling.

In rat selectively bred for different amygdala kindling rates (Fast vs. Slow), comorbid differences in learning were detected. Here, performance was tested in a delayed alternation task before, during, and after kindling.

Phase I clinical and pharmacologic study of weekly cisplatin and irinotecan combined with amifostine for refractory solid tumors.

Purpose: This Phase I study was designed primarily to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of irinotecan and cisplatin with and without amifostine in children with refractory solid tumors.

Patients And Methods: Cisplatin, at a fixed dose of 30 mg/m(2), and escalating doses of irinotecan (starting dose, 40 mg/m(2)) were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, every 6 weeks. After the MTD of irinotecan plus cisplatin was determined, additional cohorts of patients were enrolled with amifostine (825 mg/m(2)) support.

The use of a shotgun for euthanasia of stranded cetaceans.

A 12-gauge shotgun, loaded with either a solid 28 g lead slug or buckshot consisting of nine individual lead pellets with a total mass of 28 g, was used to shoot the heads of one dead common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and five dead long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) varying in length from 2.5 m to 5 m. The dolphin and the smallest pilot whale were shot with both projectiles from the dorsal surface of the head.

An Ulcerated Plaque in a Gay Man.

A 28-year-old homosexual man presented to our outpatient department with a solitary 2.0 × 1.5-cm ulcerated nodule on the forehead that had been present for 4 months (Fig 1).

Isometric versus tension measurements. A comparison for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

This study was designed to compare the displacement patterns of an isometer, used to determine graft placement during reconstruction, with the actual tensions on an anterior cruciate ligament substitute. In cadaveric specimens, a Kevlar anterior cruciate ligament substitute was implanted in three separate femoral sites, each of which was subsequently fixed to two different tibial sites. The initial tension of the Kevlar substitute was set to 22 or 33 N at 20 degrees of knee flexion.

Dermatologic aspects of HIV in dermatology nursing.

Dermatology nurses are playing an increasing role in the assessment and care of HIV-infected patients. Recognition and proper care of the cutaneous manifestations of HIV disease are vital for improving the patient's health and comfort.

Effect of tension and placement of a prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament on the anteroposterior laxity of the knee.

We wished to determine the optimal tension required to restore normal joint laxity to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees using a braided polyethylene ACL prosthesis (PACL). In 10 cadaveric specimens, we measured the anteroposterior (AP) laxity of the intact knee at 10 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion. The ACL was then removed and replaced with the PACL using tunnel-tunnel (T-T) and "over-the-top" (OTT) placement techniques.

Caloric vs. pharmacologic effects of ethanol consumption on activity anorexia in rats.

Food restriction, combined with access to a running wheel, produces "activity anorexia" (self-starvation) in rats. The relative effects of ethanol and propylene glycol on activity-maintained self-starvation were examined. Young male rats were provided with access to a running wheel while on a 22.

Observations on the metabolism of the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines: implications for future clinical studies.

Although the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine have been unequivocally identified in human body fluids, evidence relating their concentration to the presence of psychotic illness in humans remains controversial. A series of studies on the metabolism of the compounds in the rat have highlighted the rapidity and with which these are metabolized and renally excreted. The implications of our observation for the interpretation of past clinical studies and the design of future ones is discussed.