The effect of hepatic devascularisation in the pig upon the energy charge and ketone ratio.

This study describes the effects upon various functions of the porcine liver, especially the energy charge, after ligation of the hepatic artery or diversion of portal venous blood either with or without revascularisation by arterial or vena caval blood. Energy charge was significantly reduced for up to 2 days after arterial ligation but by 7 days was showing a return towards normal. Levels of adenosine triphosphate were affected most.

Modelling cortical cataractogenesis VIII: effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in reducing protein leakage from lenses in diabetic rats.

Normal and streptozotocin diabetic female Wistar rats were given butylated hydroxytoluene at 0-, 0.067- or 0.50% w/w in the diet.

Chlorinated compounds in tissues of chickens raised on pentachlorophenol-contaminated litter.

Broiler chickens were raised on commercial wood shavings containing 134 p.p.m.

Why not resurface the patella?

The results of resurfacing or not resurfacing the articular cartilage of the patella were reviewed in 71 knees--47 with rheumatoid arthritis and 24 with osteoarthritis--which had been replaced with the ICLH prosthesis. Two rheumatoid and osteoporotic patellae developed transverse fractures with separation and were excluded from the review. The results showed that resurfacing the patella greatly reduced peripatellar pain with no counter-balancing disadvantage.

Cementless fixation of prosthetic components in total arthroplasty of the knee and hip.

An appropriately designed implant can be fixed without cement to accurately prepared bone surfaces so as to give results comparable with those of cemented fixation in the short term. The unchanging appearance of the roentgenograms suggests that these results may be maintained in the long term. If these conclusions are valid, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) may be thought of as an optional alternative in joint arthroplasty.

The stimulatory effect of a partially hepatectomized auxiliary graft upon the host liver. Observations on the regenerative response in orthotopic and heterotopic grafts.

Transplantation of an intact or partially hepatectomized auxiliary liver graft has been shown to result in a marked regenerative response (as measured by thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index) in the donor liver, apparently associated with rejection. This response was also transmitted to the host (portacaval-shunted) liver which showed a four- to sixfold increment in regenerative response. Livers transplanted by conventional orthotopic techniques also showed a marked regenerative response.

Tympanometry in acute otitis media: prognostic implications.

Impedance tympanometry was performed on children with acute otitis media. Most acute tympanograms were classified as either type B (no peak pressure) or positive-pressure tympanograms. A striking difference in outcome was noted between these two groups: the patients with positive-pressure tympanograms were more likely to have normal results with examination at the two-week follow-up than were those with type B tympanograms.

Relationship between loudness discomfort level and acoustic reflex threshold for normal and sensorineural hearing-impaired individuals.

The relationship between loudness discomfort level (LDL) and acoustic reflex threshold (ART) was determined by comparing the ART to the LDL obtained by the psychophysical method of constant stimuli. Randomly presented stimuli of 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and a multi-talker speech noise were presented to normal and sensorineural hearing-impaired listeners. The listener's task was to judge whether the stimulus was at a level that was: (1) too loud or uncomfortably loud; or (2) not too loud or not uncomfortably loud.

Detection of goitrin and its heptafluorobutyryl derivative by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture, electrolytic conductivity and sulfur detectors.

The separation of goitrin by two gas-liquid chromatographic columns, the response of different detectors and the use of the heptafluorobutyric (HFB) anhydride derivative of goitrin to improve sensitivity was investigated. The non-polar 3% OV-1 and the intermediate 4% SE-30/6% SP-2401 on 80-100 mesh Chromosorb W HP gave comparable results and were considered interchangeable. The sensitivities of the electron capture, sulfur 394 nm emission, chlorine and nitrogen Coulson electrolytic conductivity detectors were inadequate for goitrin per se.

Detection of carbofuran and metabolites directly or as their heptafluorobutyryl derivatives using gas-liquid or high-pressure liquid chromatography with different detectors.

The gas chromatography of the heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of carbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran is examined with electrolytic conductivity detection (halogen mode). The reaction consists of heating the compounds with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in the presence of trimethylamine catalyst. Although as little as 200 pg of carbofuran, 400 pg of 3-ketocarbofuran and 100 pg of 3-hydroxycarbofuran can be detected by electrolytic conductivity, the minimum detectable quantities by electron capture are about 20-fold less for each derivative.

Evaluation of electrolytic conductivity detection for gas-liquid chromatographic screening of some organonitrogen herbicides and fungicides in foods.

Electrolytic conductivity detection for the gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) screening of 15 organonitrogen herbicides and fungicides was investigated. Spiked samples of crop material was extracted with acetone and the filtered sample extracts were partitioned with methylene chloride-petroleum ether (1+1) followed by second and third extractions with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residues were dissolved in hexane for cleanup on a 2% deactivated Florisil column.

Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis and chemical confirmation of azodrin (monocrotophos) residues in strawberries.

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for the analysis and confirmation of azodrin (monocrotophos, 3-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide) residues in strawberrires. The strawberries are extracted with acetone, and the filtrate is partioned with a mixture of methylene chloride and petroleum ether followed by further extraction with methylene chloride. The organic phases are combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to a small volume for GLC analysis on a 3% OV-210 column with flame photometric detection.

Systems for automated multiple pesticide residue analysis.

This article reviews the development and current status of automated multiple pesticide residue analysis. Various configurations of equipment that perform specific steps in a method of analysis are described. These include the use of Technicon modules, automatic injectors for gas chromatography, specially designed units and data processing systems.