Effects of nematode infection on sensitivity to intestinal distension: role of tachykinin NK2 receptors.

Distension of the rat intestine causes a depressor response which is predictive of nociception. This study investigated the effects of previous infection with Nippostrongylus (N.) brasiliensis on the sensitivity to intestinal distension and the role of tachykinin NK2 receptors.

B cell antigen receptor-evoked calcium influx is enhanced in CD22-deficient B cell lines.

CD22 is a B cell membrane glycoprotein that, upon Ag receptor engagement, becomes rapidly tyrosyl phosphorylated and associates with several signaling molecules including Lyn, Syk, PLCgamma1, and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1. Two allelic forms of murine CD22 exist: CD22.1 is expressed in strains such as NZB and DBA/2, whereas CD22.

Cognitive restructuring in the treatment of social phobia. Efficacy and mode of action.

Cognitive restructuring (CR) is commonly used to treat social phobia, although its contribution to treatment efficacy has not been established. CR requires the person to think about and discuss feared social events with his or her therapist and thus entails some degree of exposure to social stimuli. CR also is thought to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic exposure exercises (EXP).

B7.2 expressed by T cells does not induce CD28-mediated costimulatory activity but retains CTLA4 binding: implications for induction of antitumor immunity to T cell tumors.

The B7 family of costimulatory molecules provides the second signal necessary for activation of T cells. In the absence of the second signal, responding T cells become anergic. Although predominantly expressed on professional APCs, recent evidence shows that the B7 molecules are also expressed on T cells.

Biomedical research and the law of informed consent.

Awareness of the legal and ethical parameters of nursing practice is a necessity for nurses in all nursing roles, but some of these same legal and ethical considerations take on an increased significance in the area of clinical research. The most predominant legal issue in the research field in terms of both litigation and legal commentary is the issue of informed consent.

Changes in sensitivity of 5-HT receptor mediated functional responses in the rat oesophagus, fundus and jejunum following chronic infusion with 5-hydroxytryptamine.

The effects of chronic infusion with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 75 micrograms/kg per hour) for 5 or 10 days in vivo on the responses of rat oesophagus, fundus and jejunum to 5-HT and partial 5-HT receptor agonists in vitro were investigated. In the rat oesophagus, chronic treatment produced rightward shifts of the 5-HT4 receptor-mediated concentration-effect curves to 5-HT (dose-ratio = 3.8, day 5 and 2.

Characterisation of a postjunctional 5-ht7-like and a prejunctional 5-HT3 receptor mediating contraction of rat isolated jejunum.

The 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine)-induced contractile biphasic concentration-effect curve in rat isolated jejunum was investigated. The pEC50 values for the first and second phases were 8.0 and 6.

Evaluation of p53 protein expression in renal cell carcinoma: comparison of two antibodies.

The aims of this study were to establish a profile for the expression of p53 in primary renal cell carcinoma using the polyclonal antibody NCL-CB1 and the monoclonal antibody D07, and to compare the results of staining with both antibodies. Ninety-six cases were studied using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Positive nuclear staining ranged from 5% (D07) to 12% (NCL-CM1).

Anxiety sensitivity and depression: how are they related?

Anxiety sensitivity is the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations, which arises from beliefs that the sensations have harmful somatic, psychological, or social consequences. Elevated anxiety sensitivity, as assessed by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), is associated with panic disorder. The present study investigated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and depression.

Further investigation into the signal transduction mechanism of the 5-HT4-like receptor in the circular smooth muscle of human colon.

1. The nature of the receptor coupling mechanism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 (5-HT4) receptor in the circular smooth muscle of the human colon has been further investigated. 2.

Stimulation of cyclic AMP formation in the circular smooth muscle of human colon by activation of 5-HT4-like receptors.

5-HT stimulated cyclic AMP generation in human colonic circular smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 = 229.1 nM). DAU 6236 also increased cyclic AMP formation and was a partial agonist relative to 5-HT.

Reduced resources and liability risks.

Cost-containment strategies have meant the loss of many registered nurse positions in health care facilities across Canada. Nurses are concerned about whether there will be enough adequately prepared professional health care staff to ensure safe, competent care consistent with professional nursing standards. Fears have arisen that substituting unregulated health care workers for nurses may pose a risk to the public that will lead to more lawsuits against nurses.

Geographically overlapping Alzheimer's disease registries: comparisons and implications.

In the medical and epidemiologic literature, a registry denotes a data base in which registrants share some common characteristic such as disease category. One criticism of registries is that they frequently collect subjects in a haphazard fashion and, hence, are "nonrepresentative of the population purportedly being represented." In this report, we compare two registries: an incident-based Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry (ADPR) recruiting subjects for epidemiologic studies from a large health maintenance organization; and an Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) registry recruiting subjects for phenomenologic, biologic, and pharmacologic studies.

5-HT4 receptor antagonist affinities of SB207710, SB205008, and SB203186 in the human colon, rat oesophagus, and guinea-pig ileum peristaltic reflex.

Functional 5-HT4 receptors have been reported to be present in numerous isolated tissue preparations including the rat oesophagus, guinea-pig ileum, and human colon. The pharmacological properties of the novel, potent and selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonists SB203186 (1-piperidinyl)ethyl 1H-indole 3-carboxylate), SB205008 (1-butyl-1-methyl-4-piperidinylmethyl)-8-amino-7-chloro-1,4-ben zodioxan-5- carboxylate iodide), and SB207710 (1-butyl-4-piperidinylmethyl)-8-amino-7-iodo-1,4 benzo-dioxan-5-carboxylate) were studied in these tissues. The nature of antagonism of the 5-HT-induced effects was investigated on the above isolated tissue preparations.

A comparative study of functional 5-HT4 receptors in human colon, rat oesophagus and rat ileum.

1. The pharmacological properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), the 5-HT4 receptor agonists, DAU 6236 and SC 53116 and the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, GR 1130808, were studied in the rat oesophagus, rat ileum and human colon. 2.

Mapping of the alpha 4 subunit gene (GABRA4) to human chromosome 4 defines an alpha 2-alpha 4-beta 1-gamma 1 gene cluster: further evidence that modern GABAA receptor gene clusters are derived from an ancestral cluster.

We demonstrated previously that an alpha 1-beta 2-gamma 2 gene cluster of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor is located on human chromosome 5q34-q35 and that an ancestral alpha-beta-gamma gene cluster probably spawned clusters on chromosomes 4, 5, and 15. Here, we report that the alpha 4 gene (GABRA4) maps to human chromosome 4p14-q12, defining a cluster comprising the alpha 2, alpha 4, beta 1, and gamma 1 genes. The existence of an alpha 2-alpha 4-beta 1-gamma 1 cluster on chromosome 4 and an alpha 1-alpha 6-beta 2-gamma 2 cluster on chromosome 5 provides further evidence that the number of ancestral GABAA receptor subunit genes has been expanded by duplication within an ancestral gene cluster.

A flat decelerative fetal heart rate tracing with normal fetal heart rate variability.

We report two cases for which computer interpretation of nonstress test indicated a flat decelerative trace in spite of normal fetal heart rate variability. Fetal behavioral state in the first case and signal loss in the second case were possibly responsible for this computerized interpretation of the tracings in the absence of fetal distress.

The effects of acute and chronic JJ stent placement on upper urinary tract motility and calculus transit.

Objective: To determine the pathophysiological changes in upper urinary tract motility and calculus transit which may occur following JJ stent insertion.

Materials And Methods: The acute and chronic effects of JJ stent placement were studied in 24 canine renal units. Intrarenal and intraureteric pressures and motility were measured, in addition to transit times for complete passage of synthetic calculi from the upper ureter into the bladder.

Transplant nephrectomy over 20 years: factors involved in associated morbidity and mortality.

Of 1,048 renal transplants performed between 1971 and 1990, transplant nephrectomy was performed in 86 (8.2%). Mean patient age was 33 years (range 3.