Multi-parametric and multi-regional histogram analysis of MRI: modality integration reveals imaging phenotypes of glioblastoma.

Objectives: Integrating multiple imaging modalities is crucial for MRI data interpretation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a previously proposed multi-view approach can effectively integrate the histogram features from multi-parametric MRI and whether the selected features can offer incremental prognostic values over clinical variables.

Methods: Eighty newly-diagnosed glioblastoma patients underwent surgery and chemoradiotherapy.

Stress hyperglycemia: A prospective study examining the relationship between glucose, cortisol and diabetes in myocardial infarction.

Aim: We aimed to explore the relationship between stress, hyperglycemia and diabetes in myocardial infarction (MI), using serum cortisol as a surrogate marker for the severity of stress.

Methods: Subjects with acute MI were prospectively recruited upon hospital admission. Serum glucose and cortisol were measured in addition to standard testing.

In-hospital training in addiction medicine: A mixed-methods study of health care provider benefits and differences.

: Hospital-based clinical addiction medicine training can improve knowledge of clinical care for substance-using populations. However, application of structured, self-assessment tools to evaluate differences in knowledge gained by learners who participate in such training has not yet been addressed. : Participants ( = 142) of an elective with the hospital-based Addiction Medicine Consult Team (AMCT) in Vancouver, Canada, responded to an online self-evaluation survey before and immediately after the structured elective.

Quantifying normal human brain metabolism using hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate and magnetic resonance imaging.

Hyperpolarized C Magnetic Resonance Imaging (C-MRI) provides a highly sensitive tool to probe tissue metabolism in vivo and has recently been translated into clinical studies. We report the cerebral metabolism of intravenously injected hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate in the brain of healthy human volunteers for the first time. Dynamic acquisition of C images demonstrated C-labeling of both lactate and bicarbonate, catalyzed by cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase respectively.

Polysomnography Findings and Sleep Disorders in Children With Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood.

Study Objectives: Patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) experience bouts of hemiplegia and other paroxysmal spells that resolve during sleep. Patients often have multiple comorbidities that could negatively affect sleep, yet sleep quality and sleep pathology in AHC are not well characterized. This study aimed to report sleep data from both polysomnography (PSG) and clinical evaluations in children with AHC.

Statistical modelling of groundwater contamination monitoring data: A comparison of spatial and spatiotemporal methods.

Field monitoring of groundwater contamination plumes is an important component of managing risks for downgradient receptors and remedial strategies that rely on monitored natural attenuation. Collection of groundwater quality data can however take a considerable effort and be associated with high cost. Here, we investigated the relative merits of analyzing groundwater quality data using spatial compared to spatiotemporal statistical modelling and assessed the accuracy of both methods and implications for data collection requirements.

Evaluating the Diabetes-Cardiology interface: a glimpse into the diabetes management of cardiology inpatients in western Sydney's 'diabetes hotspot' and the establishment of a novel model of care.

Background: Approximately two-thirds of individuals presenting to emergency departments in Western Sydney have glucose dysregulation, accelerating their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the prevalence and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in cardiology inpatients in Western Sydney. A novel model of care between diabetes and cardiology specialist hospital teams (joint specialist case conferencing, JSCC) is described herein and aimed at aligning clinical services and upskilling both teams in the management of the cardiology inpatient with comorbid T2D.

A Climate-Driven Functional Inversion of Connected Marine Ecosystems.

Sustainably managing natural resources under climate change requires understanding how species distribution shifts can impact ecosystem structure and functioning. While numerous studies have documented changes in species' distributions and abundances in response to warming [1, 2], the consequences for the functional structure of ecosystems (i.e.

Functional reorganization of marine fish nurseries under climate warming.

While climate change is rapidly impacting marine species and ecosystems worldwide, the effects of climate warming on coastal fish nurseries have received little attention despite nurseries' fundamental roles in recruitment and population replenishment. Here, we used a 26-year time series (1987-2012) of fish monitoring in the Bay of Somme, a nursery in the Eastern English Channel (EEC), to examine the impacts of environmental and human drivers on the spatial and temporal dynamics of fish functional structure during a warming phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We found that the nursery was initially dominated by fishes with r-selected life-history traits such as low trophic level, low age and size at maturity, and small offspring, which are highly sensitive to warming.

Cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral profiles and management of alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

Aim: To determine the neuropsychological abnormalities that occur in alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and report on our experience in managing them.

Method: Patients underwent evaluations according to our standardized AHC pathway. Data were entered into our prospective AHC database and then analyzed.

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for the treatment of tendinopathies: a systematic review.

Objective: To produce a best evidence synthesis of the clinical effects of topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the treatment of tendinopathies.

Design: A systematic review of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of GTN in patients with tendinopathy.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL from database inception to January 2018.

Will This Hospitalized Patient Develop Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.

Importance: Although severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, most at-risk patients will not develop this syndrome. Predicting its occurrence is important because the mortality rate is high when untreated.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and predictive value of symptoms and signs for identifying hospitalized patients at risk of SAWS, defined as delirium tremens, withdrawal seizure, or clinically diagnosed severe withdrawal.

Toxicology of Frequently Encountered Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Dogs and Cats: An Update.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for their antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Although most NSAIDs consist of a range of pharmacologically active agents with diverse chemical structures and properties, they have similar therapeutic and adverse effects associated with their use. Each year, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) receives hundreds of cases involving acute accidental ingestion/overdose of NSAIDs in dogs and cats.

[Real-world effectiveness of ivacaftor in children with cystic fibrosis and the G551D mutation].

Introduction: Ivacaftor is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator that has been shown to improve the nutritional status and lung function of cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to describe the real-world progress of children receiving ivacaftor.

Methods: We describe the real-world progress of four children with cystic fibrosis and the F508del/G551D genotype comparing data during ivacaftor treatment with baseline and with the year before commencing treatment.

The role of prenatal maternal stress in the development of childhood anxiety symptomatology: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study.

It is possible that findings suggesting a link between prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) and anxiety symptoms in offspring are confounded by postnatal and/or shared mother-child heritability effects. Following exposure to a natural disaster, the Queensland Flood Study investigated the unique and additive effects of various types of disaster-related PNMS (objective hardship, cognitive appraisal, and subjective distress) on childhood anxiety symptomatology (internalizing and/or anxiety symptom measures). Timing of flood exposure during pregnancy and child sex were examined as potential moderators.

Long-term effect of a tidal, hydroelectric propeller turbine on the populations of three anadromous fish species.

Tidal hydroelectric power has been proposed as one potential solution for sustainable energy sources. The first tidal turbine in North America began continuous operation in the Annapolis River estuary (44 °45'N; 65° 29'W) in June, 1985. The machine is an axial-flow, hydraulic-lift propeller turbine, a type known to cause fish mortality.

Can We Target Endogenous Anti-inflammatory Responses as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes chronic relapsing remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The prevalence of IBD is rising across the globe. Despite a growing therapeutic arsenal, current medical treatments are not universally effective, do not induce lasting remission in all, or are accompanied by short- and long-term adverse effects.

Quantification of Total and Intracellular Sodium Concentration in Primary Prostate Cancer and Adjacent Normal Prostate Tissue With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) within tumors and normal prostate in prostate cancer patients, using prostatectomy as pathological criterion standard.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients with biopsy-proven, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible, intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer underwent a dedicated research sodium MRI, before treatment with radical prostatectomy. All participants signed written informed consent for this institutional review board-approved prospective study.

Cytokine Tuning of Intestinal Epithelial Function.

The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine's diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system.

Hyperglycaemia in early pregnancy: the Treatment of Booking Gestational diabetes Mellitus (TOBOGM) study. A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes adverse pregnancy outcomes that can be averted by treatment from 24-28 weeks' gestation. Assessing and treating women for overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODIP) at the first antenatal clinic booking is now recommended in international guidelines. As a consequence, women with milder hyperglycaemia are being diagnosed and treated for early GDM, but randomised controlled trial (RCTs) assessing the benefits and harms of such treatment have not been undertaken.

Dietary fat and fiber interact to uniquely modify global histone post-translational epigenetic programming in a rat colon cancer progression model.

Dietary fermentable fiber generates short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), for example, butyrate, in the colonic lumen which serves as a chemoprotective histone deacetylase inhibitor and/or as an acetylation substrate for histone acetylases. In addition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in fish oil can affect the chromatin landscape by acting as ligands for tumor suppressive nuclear receptors. In an effort to gain insight into the global dimension of post-translational modification of histones (including H3K4me3 and H3K9ac) and clarify the chemoprotective impact of dietary bioactive compounds on transcriptional control in a preclinical model of colon cancer, we generated high-resolution genome-wide RNA (RNA-Seq) and "chromatin-state" (H3K4me3-seq and H3K9ac-seq) maps for intestinal (epithelial colonocytes) crypts in rats treated with a colon carcinogen and fed diets containing bioactive (i) fish oil, (ii) fermentable fiber (a rich source of SCFA), (iii) a combination of fish oil plus pectin, or (iv) control, devoid of fish oil or pectin.

Imaging intralesional heterogeneity of sodium concentration in multiple sclerosis: Initial evidence from Na-MRI.

Sodium MRI (Na-MRI) has been used to non-invasively quantify tissue sodium but has been limited by low spatial resolution. Here we demonstrate for the first time that high resolution Na-MRI reveals the spatial heterogeneity of sodium concentration within a multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion. A patient with treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting MS and a ring-enhancing lesion was imaged using Na-MRI.