Deuterium Metabolic Imaging of the Human Abdomen at Clinical Field Strength.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to translate abdominal deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) to clinical field strength by optimizing the radiofrequency coil setup, the administered dose of deuterium (2H)-labeled glucose, and the data processing pipeline for quantitative characterization of DMI signals over time. This was assessed in the kidney and liver to establish a basis for routine clinical studies in the future.

Materials And Methods: 5 healthy volunteers were recruited and imaged on 2 or 3 separate occasions, with varying doses of 2H-glucose: 0.

K-Means Clustering of Hyperpolarised C-MRI Identifies Intratumoral Perfusion/Metabolism Mismatch in Renal Cell Carcinoma as the Best Predictor of the Highest Grade.

: Early and accurate grading of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) improves patient risk stratification and has implications for clinical management and mortality. However, current diagnostic approaches using imaging and renal mass biopsy have limited specificity and may lead to undergrading. : This study explored the use of hyperpolarised [1-C]pyruvate MRI (HP C-MRI) to identify the most aggressive areas within the tumour of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as a method to guide biopsy targeting and to reduce undergrading.

Leadership Perceptions, Educational Struggles and Barriers, and Effective Modalities for Teaching Vertigo and the HINTS Exam: A National Survey of Emergency Medicine Residency Program Directors.

Introduction: The utility of the three-part bedside oculomotor exam HINTS (head impulse test, nystagmus, test of skew) in the hands of emergency physicians remains under debate despite being supported by the most recent literature. Educators historically lack consensus on how specifically to teach this skill to emergency medicine (EM) residents, and it is unknown whether and how EM residency programs have begun to implement HINTS training into their curricula. We aimed to characterize the state of HINTS education in EM residency and develop a needs assessment.

Selective -Hydroxyketone Formation and Subsequent C-C Bond Cleavage by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzymes.

The heme enzymes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYPs) catalyze oxidation reactions with a high level of selectivity. Here, the CYP199A4 enzyme from the bacterium HaA2 is used to catalyze the hydroxylation of carbonyl-containing compounds to generate -hydroxyketones. Both 4-propionyl- and 4-(2-oxopropyl)-benzoic acids were regioselectively hydroxylated by this enzyme to generate -hydroxyketone metabolites, 4-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)benzoic acid and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)benzoic acid, respectively, with high stereoselectivity.

Ethnic Differences in Characteristics of Women Diagnosed with Early Gestational Diabetes: Findings from the TOBOGM Study.

Objective: To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of early gestational diabetes (eGDM) and associated birth outcomes amongst women of different ethnic groups.

Research Design And Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an international, multicentre randomized controlled trial of treating eGDM among pregnant women with GDM risk factors enrolled <20 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of GDM was made using WHO-2013 criteria.

Association Between Glycemia, Glycemic Variability, and Pregnancy Complications in Early GDM.

Objective: To investigate the association of timing of commencing glucose management with glycemia, glycemic variability, and pregnancy outcomes among women with early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: In this substudy among participants of a trial of immediate vs. delayed treatment of early GDM diagnosed by 2013 World Health Organization criteria, all women treated immediately and those with delayed diagnosis at 24-28 weeks' gestation (treated as if late GDM) were instructed to monitor capillary blood glucose (BG) four times a day (fasting and 2-h postprandial) until delivery.

Assessing the feasibility of handheld scanning technologies in neonatal intensive care: Trueness, acceptability, and suitability for personalised medical devices.

Background: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) injuries are common for premature infants. Clinical use of three-dimensional (3D) scanning is established in adult medicine, but the possibilities in neonatal care are still emerging. Custom printed CPAP devices have the potential to reduce injuries and disfigurement in this vulnerable population.

Experiential Learning to Enhance Global Health Collaboration and Student Opportunity.

Students often seek opportunities to enrich their classroom learning. Providing students the chance to engage in research studies or global health projects allows for experiential enrichment. However, the impact on partners and partner sites, financial implications, and equity of student opportunity, as well as the logistical burden potentially placed on multiple parties, all need to be considered.

Postpartum dysglycaemia after early gestational diabetes: Follow-up of women in the TOBOGM randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence and predictors of postpartum dysglycaemia among high-risk women who develop early gestational diabetes (eGDM) prior to 20 weeks' gestation.

Methods: This is a sub-study of the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes (TOBOGM) Study, a randomised controlled trial of early or deferred treatment for women with risk factors for gestational diabetes diagnosed with eGDM, using current WHO criteria. Overt diabetes in pregnancy was excluded.

Multiarm, non-randomised, single-centre feasibility study-investigation of the differential biology between benign and malignant renal masses using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques (IBM-Renal): protocol.

Introduction: Localised renal masses are an increasing burden on healthcare due to the rising number of cases. However, conventional imaging cannot reliably distinguish between benign and malignant renal masses, and renal mass biopsies are unable to characterise the entirety of the tumour due to sampling error, which may lead to delayed treatment or overtreatment. There is an unmet clinical need to develop novel imaging techniques to characterise renal masses more accurately.

An instrumentation guide to measuring thermal conductivity using frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR).

Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance (FDTR) is a versatile technique used to measure the thermal properties of thin films, multilayer stacks, and interfaces that govern the performance and thermal management in semiconductor microelectronics. Reliable thermal property measurements at these length scales (≈10 nm to ≈10 μm), where the physics of thermal transport and phonon scattering at interfaces both grow in complexity, are increasingly relevant as electronic components continue to shrink. While FDTR is a promising technique, FDTR instruments are generally home-built; they can be difficult to construct, align, and maintain, especially for the novice.

KRas4b-Calmodulin Interaction with Membrane Surfaces: Role of Headgroup, Acyl Chain, and Electrostatics.

KRas4b is a small plasma membrane-bound G-protein that regulates signal transduction pathways. The interaction of KRas4b with the plasma membrane is governed by both its basic C-terminus, which is farnesylated and methylated, and the lipid composition of the membrane itself. The signaling activity of KRas4b is intricately related to its interaction with various binding partners at the plasma membrane, underlining the critical role played by the lipid environment.

Pandemic-related prenatal maternal stress, model of maternity care and postpartum mental health: The Australian BITTOC study.

Problem: Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of elevated postpartum mental health problems.

Background: Social support protects maternal mental health during a pandemic. It is possible that formal supports, such as continuity maternity models of care, may also support maternal wellbeing.

Development of a suite of short planetary health learning resources by students for students as future health professionals.

Planetary health recognizes the interdependencies between human health and the well-being of the Earth's ecosystems. Human activities have led to the disruption and transformation of natural systems and a range of global environmental changes such as climate change, air pollution, and biodiversity loss. Health professionals must be equipped to deal with the health impacts of global environmental changes.

Managing nutrition-biodiversity trade-offs on coral reefs.

Coral reefs support an incredible abundance and diversity of fish species, with reef-associated fisheries providing important sources of income, food, and dietary micronutrients to millions of people across the tropics. However, the rapid degradation of the world's coral reefs and the decline in their biodiversity may limit their capacity to supply nutritious and affordable seafood while meeting conservation goals for sustainability. Here, we conduct a global-scale analysis of how the nutritional quality of reef fish assemblages (nutritional contribution to the recommended daily intake of calcium, iron, and zinc contained in an average 100 g fish on the reef) relates to key environmental, socioeconomic, and ecological conditions, including two key metrics of fish biodiversity.

Substrate dependence of transport coupling and phenotype of a small multidrug resistance transporter in .

Unlabelled: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) transporters are key players in the defense of multidrug-resistant pathogens to toxins and other homeostasis-perturbing compounds. However, recent evidence demonstrates that EmrE, an SMR from and a model for understanding transport, can also induce susceptibility to some compounds by drug-gated proton leak. This runs down the ∆pH component of the proton-motive force (PMF), reducing the viability of the affected bacteria.

Glucose levels at hospital admission are associated with 5 year mortality.

Aim: We aimed to determine if hospital admission hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia are associated with increased long-term mortality.

Methods: A post-hoc analysis of data from a trial of glucose screening in the emergency department was conducted. Data were linked with a death registry up to 5 years after admission.

Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the TOBOGM study.

Objective: To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).

Design: Nested case-control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.

Setting: Seventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India.

Relationship Between Early-Pregnancy Glycemia and Adverse Outcomes: Findings From the TOBOGM Study.

Objective: We evaluated associations between early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and complications in the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (TOBOGM) cohort to inform prognostic OGTT thresholds.

Research Design And Methods: Individuals with risk factors for hyperglycemia were recruited for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (World Health Organization 2013 criteria) treatment trial. A 2-h 75-g OGTT was performed at <20 weeks' gestation.

Low human interest for the most at-risk reef fishes worldwide.

Human interest in biodiversity is essential for effective conservation action but remains poorly quantified at large scales. Here, we investigated human interest for 2408 marine reef fishes using data obtained from online public databases and social media, summarized in two synthetic dimensions, research effort and public attention. Both dimensions are mainly related to geographic range size.

Metabolic imaging across scales reveals distinct prostate cancer phenotypes.

Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance imaging (HP-C-MRI) has shown promise as a clinical tool for detecting and characterising prostate cancer. Here we use a range of spatially resolved histological techniques to identify the biological mechanisms underpinning differential [1-C]lactate labelling between benign and malignant prostate, as well as in tumours containing cribriform and non-cribriform Gleason pattern 4 disease. Here we show that elevated hyperpolarised [1-C]lactate signal in prostate cancer compared to the benign prostate is primarily driven by increased tumour epithelial cell density and vascularity, rather than differences in epithelial lactate concentration between tumour and normal.