Visualizing Age, Period, and Cohort Patterns of Substance Use in the U.S. Opioid Crisis.

Descriptions of the contemporary U.S. opioid crisis emphasize several "waves" of overdose deaths.

Toxin ExoU as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.

The opportunistic pathogen employs the type III secretion system (T3SS) and four effector proteins, ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ExoY, to disrupt cellular physiology and subvert the host's innate immune response. Of the effector proteins delivered by the T3SS, ExoU is the most toxic. In infections, where the ExoU gene is expressed, disease severity is increased with poorer prognoses.

Narrative identity processes and patterns of adjustment across the transition to college: A developmentally contextualized approach.

Narrative identity is a distinct level of personality that is related to psychological adjustment across the life course and is at its height of development during the emerging adult years. The present study was designed to capture a contextualized understanding of how narrative identity processes relate to adjustment during college. Using a 4-wave longitudinal design (n = 437 participants; n = 1544 narratives) and multilevel growth curve modeling, we examined how self-event connections coded from academic and romantic high point and low point narratives reported at the end of the first year were related to trajectories of life satisfaction and mental health assessed 4 times from the summer before college to the following fall (sophomore year).

Observation of Electroweak Production of a Same-Sign W Boson Pair in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents the observation and measurement of electroweak production of a same-sign W boson pair in association with two jets using 36.1  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed in the detector fiducial phase-space region, defined by the presence of two same-sign leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with a large invariant mass and rapidity difference.

Caregiving in Crisis: Fatherhood Refashioned by Sierra Leone's Ebola Epidemic.

In much of the literature on Sierra Leone, young men have been recognized for perpetrating violence or resisting authority. This characterization extended into the Ebola crisis, as young men were depicted as "resisting" public health measures. In contrast, little scholarship has focused on men's roles as caregivers during the epidemic.

Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study: a multi-city birth cohort.

Background: Few studies have examined phthalate exposure during infancy and early life, critical windows of development. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study, a population-based birth cohort, ascertained multiple exposures during early life.

Objective: To characterize exposure to phthalates during infancy and early childhood.

Giving Voice to Silence: Empowerment and Disempowerment in the Developmental Shift from Trauma 'Victim' to 'Survivor-Advocate'.

In the past several years, a public conversation in the United States about interpersonal violence has flourished, sustained by the work of advocates who are themselves survivors. This surge in public sharing of trauma stories is a rhetorical form of resistance to ideologies in mainstream American culture that impose silence on survivors (e.g.

Structure-Activity Relationships of (l-Tyrosyl-l-tyrosine) Derivatives Binding to CYP121: Iodinated Analogues Promote Shift to High-Spin Adduct.

A series of analogues of (l-tyrosyl-l-tyrosine), the substrate of the enzyme CYP121, have been synthesized and analyzed by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. The introduction of iodine substituents onto (l-tyrosyl-l-tyrosine) results in sub-μM binding affinity for the CYP121 enzyme and a complete shift to the high-spin state of the heme Fe. The introduction of halogens that are able to interact with heme groups is thus a feasible approach to the development of next-generation, tight binding inhibitors of the CYP121 enzyme, in the search for novel antitubercular compounds.

Can a smartphone-delivered tool facilitate the assessment of surgical site infection and result in earlier treatment? Tracking wound infection with smartphone technology (TWIST): protocol for a randomised controlled trial in emergency surgery patients.

Introduction: National data suggest that surgical site infection (SSI) complicates 2%-10% of general surgery cases, although the patient-reported incidence is much higher. SSIs cause significant patient morbidity and represent a significant burden on acute healthcare services, in a cohort predominantly suitable for outpatient management. Over three-quarters of UK adults now own smartphones, which could be harnessed to improve access to care.

Generation of Transmission-Competent Human Malaria Parasites with Chromosomally-Integrated Fluorescent Reporters.

Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle that includes specialized stages for transmission between their mosquito and human hosts. These stages are an understudied part of the lifecycle yet targeting them is an essential component of the effort to shrink the malaria map. The human parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of deaths due to malaria.

Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter describes the observation of the light-by-light scattering process, γγ→γγ, in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.

Comparison of Fragmentation Functions for Jets Dominated by Light Quarks and Gluons from pp and Pb+Pb Collisions in ATLAS.

Charged-particle fragmentation functions for jets azimuthally balanced by a high-transverse-momentum, prompt, isolated photon are measured in 25  pb^{-1} of pp and 0.49  nb^{-1} of Pb+Pb collision data at 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

CXCR4 signaling directs Igk recombination and the molecular mechanisms of late B lymphopoiesis.

In B lymphopoiesis, activation of the pre-B cell antigen receptor (pre-BCR) is associated with both cell cycle exit and Igk recombination. Yet how the pre-BCR mediates these functions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the pre-BCR initiates a feed-forward amplification loop mediated by the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 and the chemokine receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).

Parenting and discipline in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

Background: While the literature on physical punishment concludes that it has negative effects on children, the practice remains common in many countries. In post-conflict countries with nongovernmental organizations (NGO) operating in child protection, traditional disciplinary practices may conflict with international child rights agendas. The country of Sierra Leone has a unique history of conflict, abject poverty, low literacy, and weak governance - often, NGO agents are responsible for providing social services that the government is unable to consistently provide.

Improved Species-Level Clinical Identification of Enterobacteriaceae through Broad-Range PCR and Sequencing.

represent a diverse and medically important family of bacteria that are difficult to identify to the species level using the standard molecular method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Prior work has demonstrated the value of gene sequence analysis in resolving different members of the family. However, existing protocols are not optimized for clinical use and exhibit several limitations in practice.

Points to Consider: Best Practices to Identify Particle Entry Routes along the Manufacturing Process for Parenteral Formulations.

During the processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing, particulate matter may be introduced into a product from a variety of sources and at different points in the manufacturing process. Companies design quality at the beginning of the process to ensure against defects and strive to manufacture products that meet the pharmacopeial standard of being "practically/essentially free" of particles, which can be challenging, though necessary. As particulate matter recalls are predominantly associated with parenteral products, most companies employ a quality risk management program to identify critical parameters or conditions that could affect product quality or patient safety and incorporate systemic and procedural controls to mitigate or reduce the probability of their occurrence.

Adolescents' Identity Formation: Linking the Narrative and the Dual-Cycle Approach.

The narrative and dual-cycle approach conceptualize and operationalize adolescents' identity formation in different ways. While the narrative approach focuses on the construction of an autobiographical life story, the dual-cycle approach focuses on the formation of identity commitments. Although these approaches have different emphases, they are conceptually complementary.

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Ovarian Cancer, Version 1.2019.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the United States, with less than half of patients living >5 years from diagnosis. A major challenge in treating ovarian cancer is that most patients have advanced disease at initial diagnosis. The best outcomes are observed in patients whose primary treatment includes complete resection of all visible disease plus combination platinum-based chemotherapy.

Design and Synthesis of Imidazole and Triazole Pyrazoles as CYP121A1 Inhibitors.

The emergence of untreatable drug-resistant strains of is a major public health problem worldwide, and the identification of new efficient treatments is urgently needed. cytochrome P450 CYP121A1 is a promising drug target for the treatment of tuberculosis owing to its essential role in mycobacterial growth. Using a rational approach, which includes molecular modelling studies, three series of azole pyrazole derivatives were designed through two synthetic pathways.

"They're making it so hard for people to get help:" Motivations for non-prescribed buprenorphine use in a time of treatment expansion.

Background: Buprenorphine maintenance therapy (BMT) has been widely recognized as one of the most effective treatments for opioid use disorders (OUD). In the midst of the U.S.

Combination of Searches for Invisible Higgs Boson Decays with the ATLAS Experiment.

Dark matter particles, if sufficiently light, may be produced in decays of the Higgs boson. This Letter presents a statistical combination of searches for H→invisible decays where H is produced according to the standard model via vector boson fusion, Z(ℓℓ)H, and W/Z(had)H, all performed with the ATLAS detector using 36.1  fb^{-1} of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV at the LHC.

Utilization of maternity waiting homes: before, during, and after the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Bong County, Liberia.

Background: Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) are used to increase the number of women delivering at health care facilities. The first MWHs in Liberia were opened in 2012, prior to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak.

Methods: Longitudinal data were collected from registries on MWH use, antenatal care, postnatal care and facility deliveries from 2012 to 2016 to assess MWH utilization.

Characterisation of a niche-specific excretory-secretory peroxiredoxin from the parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta.

Background: The primary cause of parasitic gastroenteritis in small ruminants in temperate regions is the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta. Host immunity to this parasite is slow to develop, consistent with the ability of T. circumcincta to suppress the host immune response.

Genomic Analysis Identifies Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance Genes under Selection during Inhaled Aztreonam Therapy .

Inhaled aztreonam is increasingly used for chronic suppression in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the potential for that organism to evolve aztreonam resistance remains incompletely explored. Here, we performed genomic analysis of clonally related pre- and posttreatment CF clinical isolate pairs to identify genes that are under positive selection during aztreonam therapy We identified 16 frequently mutated genes associated with aztreonam resistance, the most prevalent being and , and 13 of which increased aztreonam resistance when introduced as single gene transposon mutants. Several previously implicated aztreonam resistance genes were found to be under positive selection in clinical isolates even in the absence of inhaled aztreonam exposure, indicating that other selective pressures in the cystic fibrosis airway can promote aztreonam resistance.