Uncovering complex microbiome activities via metatranscriptomics during 24 hours of oral biofilm assembly and maturation.

Background: Dental plaque is composed of hundreds of bacterial taxonomic units and represents one of the most diverse and stable microbial ecosystems associated with the human body. Taxonomic composition and functional capacity of mature plaque is gradually shaped during several stages of community assembly via processes such as co-aggregation, competition for space and resources, and by bacterially produced reactive agents. Knowledge on the dynamics of assembly within complex communities is very limited and derives mainly from studies composed of a limited number of bacterial species.

Structural Characterization of Methylenedianiline Regioisomers by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 4. 3-Ring and 4-Ring Isomers.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is used to characterize methylenedianiline (MDA) 3-ring and 4-ring species. Building on our previous MALDI-MS 2-ring MDA isomer study, here we compare 3-ring and 4-ring electrospray ionization (ESI) and MALDI results. In ESI, 3-ring and 4-ring MDAs each form a single [M + H] parent ion.

Development of a microwave stunning system for cattle 2: Preliminary observations on behavioural responses and EEG.

DTS: Diathermic Syncope® (DTS) is a novel system for rendering animals insensible prior to slaughter, utilizing microwave energy to induce a rise in temperature in the brain to a point at which the animal is expected to lose consciousness. During development and optimisation of the system, two trials were carried out utilizing non-anaesthetized adult cattle, to gather data on behavioural outcomes and EEG changes following energy application. In trial1, ten cattle received DTS treatments (high energy >290 kJ, n = 3; low energy <200 kJ, n = 4; and intermediate 200 < 290 kJ, n = 3), and seven received captive bolt stunning, prior to exsanguination.

Chronic over-expression of ubiquitin impairs learning, reduces synaptic plasticity, and enhances GRIA receptor turnover in mice.

Ubiquitin is an essential signaling protein that controls many different cellular processes. While cellular ubiquitin levels normally cycle between pools of free and conjugated ubiquitin, the balance of these ubiquitin pools can be shifted by exposure to a variety of cellular stresses. Altered ubiquitin pools are also observed in several neurological disorders, suggesting that imbalances in ubiquitin homeostasis may contribute to neuronal dysfunction.

Untargeted Molecular Discovery in Primary Metabolism: Collision Cross Section as a Molecular Descriptor in Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry.

In this work, we established a collision cross section (CCS) library of primary metabolites based on analytical standards in the Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Library of Standards (MSMLS) using a commercially available ion mobility-mass spectrometer (IM-MS). From the 554 unique compounds in the MSMLS plate library, we obtained a total of 1246 CCS measurements over a wide range of biochemical classes and adduct types. Resulting data analysis demonstrated that the curated CCS library provides broad molecular coverage of metabolic pathways and highlights intrinsic mass-mobility relationships for specific metabolite superclasses.

Varus Posteromedial Rotatory Instability of the Elbow: Injury Pattern and Surgical Experience of 27 Acute Consecutive Surgical Patients.

Objectives: To identify associated injuries that occur in varus posteromedial rotatory instability (VPMRI) of the elbow and present their surgical management.

Design: Level II retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Rapid evolution of decreased host susceptibility drives a stable relationship between ultrasmall parasite TM7x and its bacterial host.

Around one-quarter of bacterial diversity comprises a single radiation with reduced genomes, known collectively as the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Recently, we coisolated TM7x, an ultrasmall strain of the Candidate Phyla Radiation phylum Saccharibacteria, with its bacterial host s strain XH001 from human oral cavity and stably maintained as a coculture. Our current work demonstrates that within the coculture, TM7x cells establish a long-term parasitic association with host cells by infecting only a subset of the population, which stay viable yet exhibit severely inhibited cell division.

From evidence to national scale: An implementation framework for micronutrient powders in Rwanda.

Micronutrient powders (MNP) are an efficacious intervention in terms of reducing anaemia among young children, yet challenges remain regarding implementation at scale. Research that can guide effective implementation of nutrition interventions and facilitate integration into existing health care platforms is needed. This paper seeks to advance the implementation science knowledge base by presenting our multiphased strategy and findings for scaling-up MNP in Rwanda.

An Inductive Sensing System to Measure In-Socket Residual Limb Displacements for People Using Lower-Limb Prostheses.

The objective of this research was to assess the performance of an embedded sensing system designed to measure the distance between a prosthetic socket wall and residual limb. Low-profile inductive sensors were laminated into prosthetic sockets and flexible ferromagnetic targets were created from elastomeric liners with embedded iron particles for four participants with transtibial amputation. Using insights from sensor performance testing, a novel calibration procedure was developed to quickly and accurately calibrate the multiple embedded sensors.

Modelling ponatinib resistance in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve and dasatinib resistant + cell lines.

TKI resistance remains a major impediment to successful treatment of CML. In this study, we investigated the emerging modes of ponatinib resistance in TKI-naïve and dasatinib resistant + cell lines. To investigate potential resistance mechanisms, ponatinib resistance was generated in + cell-lines by long-term exposure to increasing concentrations of ponatinib.

Outcome Measures for Central Nervous System Evaluation in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 May Be Confounded by Deficits in Motor Function or Insight.

Central nervous system involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is associated with cognitive deficits, impaired social performance and excessive somnolence, which greatly impact quality of life. With the advent of clinical trials in DM1, there is a pressing need to identify outcome measures for quantification of central symptoms that are feasible and valid. In this context, we sought to evaluate neuropsychological and self-reported measures currently recommended by expert consensus, with particular reference to their specificity for central nervous system involvement in a moderate-sized DM1 cohort.

Quorum Sensing Modulates the Epibiotic-Parasitic Relationship Between and Its Saccharibacteria epibiont, a Strain, TM7x.

The ultra-small, obligate parasitic epibiont, TM7x, the first and only current member of the long-elusive Saccharibacteria (formerly the TM7 phylum) phylum to be cultivated, was isolated in co-culture with its bacterial host, subspecies , XH001. Initial phenotypic characterization of the TM7x-associated XH001 co-culture revealed enhanced biofilm formation in the presence of TM7x compared to XH001 as monoculture. Genomic analysis and previously published transcriptomic profiling of XH001 also revealed the presence of a putative AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) operon, which was highly upregulated upon association of TM7x with XH001.

Titanium as a modifier of the peri-implant microbiome structure.

Background: Recent data support the implication of accelerated titanium dissolution products in peri-implantitis. It is unknown whether these dissolution products have an effect on the peri-implant microbiome, the target of existing peri-implantitis therapies.

Purpose: This study assessed the relationship between the peri-implant microbiome, dissolved titanium levels, and peri-implantitis.

A Pilot Study of Four Intraosseous Blood Transfusion Strategies.

Background: Intraosseous (IO) access is used by military first responders administering fluids, blood, and medications. Current IO transfusion strategies include gravity, pressure bags, rapid transfusion devices, and manual push-pull through a three-way stopcock. In a swine model of hemorrhagic shock, we compared flow rates among four different IO blood transfusion strategies.

Randomized Comparative Assessment of Three Surgical Cricothyrotomy Devices on Airway Mannequins.

Background: Airway obstruction is the second leading cause of preventable battlefield death, at least in part because surgical cricothyrotomy (SC) failure rates remain unacceptably high. Ideally, SC should be a rapid, simple, easily-learned, and reliably-performed procedure. Currently, 3 SC devices meet Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) standards: The Tactical CricKit® (TCK), Control-Cric(CC), and Bougie-assisted Technique (BAT).

Impact of soil salinity on the microbial structure of halophyte rhizosphere microbiome.

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a significant role in the life of plants in promoting plant survival under adverse conditions. However, limited information is available about microbial diversity in saline environments. In the current study, we compared the composition of the rhizosphere microbiomes of the halophytes Urochloa, Kochia, Salsola, and Atriplex living in moderate and high salinity environments (Khewra salt mines; Pakistan) with that of the non-halophyte Triticum.

Asymptomatic reference values for the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation - electronic data collection and its clinical implications.

The purpose of this study was to establish normal asymptomatic population values for the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation in healthy, asymptomatic individuals of different age, gender, ethnicity, handedness and nationality, using electronic data collection. Two-hundred and ninety-two Australian and 293 Canadian citizens with no active wrist pain, injury or pathology in their dominant hand, were evaluated. Participants completed an electronically administered questionnaire and were assessed clinically.

An Integrated, High-Throughput Strategy for Multiomic Systems Level Analysis.

Proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics generate comprehensive data sets, and current biocomputational capabilities allow their efficient integration for systems biology analysis. Published multiomics studies cover methodological advances as well as applications to biological questions. However, few studies have focused on the development of a high-throughput, unified sample preparation approach to complement high-throughput omic analytics.

Chiral separation of diastereomers of the cyclic nonapeptides vasopressin and desmopressin by uniform field ion mobility mass spectrometry.

In this study ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is used to distinguish chiral diastereomers of the nonapeptides desmopressin and vasopressin. The differences in gas phase cross sectional area (ca. 2%) were sufficient to directly resolve the enantiomers present in a binary mixture.

Rhizosphere interactions between copper oxide nanoparticles and wheat root exudates in a sand matrix: Influences on copper bioavailability and uptake.

The impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) on crop production is dependent on the biogeochemistry of Cu in the rooting zone of the plant. The present study addressed the metabolites in wheat root exudates that increased dissolution of CuONPs and whether solubility correlated with Cu uptake into the plant. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum cv.

Conformational Landscapes of Ubiquitin, Cytochrome c, and Myoglobin: Uniform Field Ion Mobility Measurements in Helium and Nitrogen Drift Gas.

In this study, a commercial uniform field drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer (IM-MS) was utilized to measure the gas-phase conformational populations of three well-studied proteins: ubiquitin (8566 Da), cytochrome c (12,359 Da), and myoglobin in both apo and holo forms (16,951 and 17,567 Da, respectively) in order to evaluate the use of this technology for broadscale structural proteomics applications. Proteins were electrosprayed from either acidic organic (pH ~3) or aqueous buffered (pH ~6.6) solution phase conditions, which generated a wide range of cation charge states corresponding to both extended (unfolded) and compact (folded) gas-phase conformational populations.

A Linear Plasmid-Like Prophage of Actinomyces odontolyticus Promotes Biofilm Assembly.

The human oral cavity is home to a large number of bacteria and bacteriophages (phages). However, the biology of oral phages as members of the human microbiome is not well understood. Recently, we isolated subsp.

Synchronous dual hematological malignancies: new or underreported entity?

Background: Patients with a single hematological malignancy may be unexpectedly diagnosed with a clonally unrelated synchronous dual hematological malignancy (SDHM). The presence of a secondary hematological malignancy may be overlooked and only identified in situations presenting with discordant clinical or laboratory findings. Clinical management of these patients can be challenging, in part due to the relatively unknown etiopathology of SDHM and the impact of therapy on the secondary malignancy.