Centromeres are hotspots for chromosomal inversions and breeding traits in mango.

Chromosomal inversions can preserve combinations of favorable alleles by suppressing recombination. Simultaneously, they reduce the effectiveness of purifying selection enabling deleterious alleles to accumulate. This study explores how areas of low recombination, including centromeric regions and chromosomal inversions, contribute to the accumulation of deleterious and favorable loci in 225 Mangifera indica genomes from the Australian Mango Breeding Program.

Differentiating primary from metastatic ovarian tumors of gastrointestinal origin by CT.

Purpose: To determine differentiating CT imaging features of primary ovarian cancers from ovarian metastases of gastrointestinal origin.

Methods: Retrospective study of 50 patients with new ovarian lesions on CT, half were primary ovarian cancers and half gastrointestinal metastases. Two blinded independent readers described tumor characteristics on CT (size, laterality, margin, etc.

KRAS Loss of Heterozygosity Promotes MAPK-Dependent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Initiation and Induces Therapeutic Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by the prevalence of oncogenic mutations in KRAS. Previous studies have reported that altered KRAS gene dosage drives progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Whereas the role of oncogenic KRAS mutations is well characterized, the relevance of the partnering wild-type (WT) KRAS allele in pancreatic cancer is less well understood and controversial.

The association between malnutrition risk and revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) scores in an adult outpatient oncology population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cancer-associated malnutrition is associated with worse symptom severity, functional status, quality of life, and overall survival. Malnutrition in cancer patients is often under-recognized and undertreated, emphasizing the need for standardized pathways for nutritional management in this population. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the relationship between malnutrition risk and self-reported symptom severity scores in an adult oncology outpatient population and (2) to identify whether a secondary screening tool for malnutrition risk (abPG-SGA) should be recommended for patients with a specific ESAS-r cut-off score or group of ESAS-r cut-off scores.

Inhibition of ATR opposes glioblastoma invasion through disruption of cytoskeletal networks and integrin internalization via macropinocytosis.

Background: Glioblastomas have highly infiltrative growth patterns that contribute to recurrence and poor survival. Despite infiltration being a critical therapeutic target, no clinically useful therapies exist that counter glioblastoma invasion. Here, we report that inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad 3 related kinase (ATR) reduces invasion of glioblastoma cells through dysregulation of cytoskeletal networks and subsequent integrin trafficking.

High- or low-dose preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer: the phase 1B NABUCCO trial.

Cohort 1 of the phase 1B NABUCCO trial showed high pathological complete response (pCR) rates with preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer (UC). In cohort 2, the aim was dose adjustment to optimize responses. Additionally, we report secondary endpoints, including efficacy and tolerability, in cohort 2 and the association of presurgical absence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in urine and plasma with clinical outcome in both cohorts.

Tutor's Role in WhatsApp Learning Groups: A Quali-Quantitative Methodological Approach.

In recent years, digital tools, such as WhatsApp, have been increasingly deployed to support group interaction and collaboration in higher education contexts. To understand contemporary, digitally-mediated collaborative dynamics - including the role played by tutors and the situated nature of group development - robust and innovative methodologies are needed. In this paper, we illustrate how integrating qualitative methods with quantitative tools used in qualitative ways makes it possible to trace how tutors adapt their style to support group development, which in turn triggers student development in a circular and responsive process.

Liquid BIOpsy for MiNimal RESidual DiSease Detection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LIONESS)-a personalised circulating tumour DNA analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain a substantial burden to global health. Cell-free circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker but has not been studied sufficiently in HNSCC.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre prospective cohort study to investigate ctDNA in patients with p16-negative HNSCC who received curative-intent primary surgical treatment.

Remembering, Reflecting, Reframing: Examining Students' Long-Term Perceptions of an Innovative Model for University Teaching.

This article presents a follow-up examination of 10 iterations of a blended course on educational psychology and e-learning carried out at the University of Bari. All iterations of the course considered in this study were designed using the constructive and collaborative participation (CCP) model. Our main research questions are: What are the students' long lasting memories of this course? How do the students use the skills and the competences acquired through the course across an extended period of time? In line with these research questions, the aims of this investigation can be summarized as follows: (i) to understand the students' perceptions and long lasting memories of the course and (ii) to investigate the transfer of skills and knowledge across an extended period of time, based on a self-reported survey.

Reliability of microvascular responsiveness measures derived from near-infrared spectroscopy across a variety of ischemic periods in young and older individuals.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with impairments in microvascular responsiveness. Therefore, reliably assessing microvascular function is clinically relevant. Thus, this study aimed to examine the reliability of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived oxygen saturation (StO) reperfusion slope, a measure of microvascular responsiveness, to four different vascular occlusion tests (VOT) of different durations in young and older participants.

Fitness Level and Not Aging , Determines the Oxygen Uptake Kinetics Response.

Although aging has been associated to slower [Formula: see text]O kinetics, some evidence indicates that fitness status and not aging might modulate this response. The main goal of this study was to examine the [Formula: see text]O, deoxygenated hemoglobin+myoglobin (deoxy-[Hb+Mb]) kinetics, and the NIRS-derived vascular reperfusion responses in older compared to young men of different training levels (i.e.

Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks.

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease in equines and is endemic in most countries. The viral factors that influence EHV-1 disease severity are poorly understood, and this has hampered vaccine development. However, the N752D substitution in the viral DNA polymerase catalytic subunit has been shown statistically to be associated with neurological disease.

Differences in oxidative metabolism modulation induced by ischemia/reperfusion between trained and untrained individuals assessed by NIRS.

Endurance training is associated with skeletal muscle adaptations that regulate the oxidative metabolism during ischemia/reperfusion. The aim of this study was to noninvasively assess in vivo differences in the oxidative metabolism activity during ischemia/reperfusion between trained and untrained individuals, using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with a vascular occlusion test (VOT) technique (NIRS-VOT). Sixteen untrained (26.

Allometric scaling of flow-mediated dilation: is it always helpful?

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is calculated as the greatest percent change in arterial diameter following an ischaemic challenge. This Traditional %FMD calculation is thought to have statistical bias towards baseline diameter (D ), which is reduced by allometric scaling. This study examined whether allometric scaling FMD influenced the difference between a group of healthy young and older adults compared to the Traditional %FMD, and to determine whether a New (allometric) scaling %FMD improved the ability to obtain individually scaled FMD.

Critical power testing or self-selected cycling: Which one is the best predictor of maximal metabolic steady-state?

Unlabelled: Critical power (CP) demarcates the boundary between heavy and very heavy exercise intensity domains, and therefore, the power output (PO) that can be sustained at the maximal metabolic steady-state during constant-PO exercise (i.e., maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS)).

Similar pattern of change in V̇o kinetics, vascular function, and tissue oxygen provision following an endurance training stimulus in older and young adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of changes in the oxygen uptake (V̇o) kinetics response subsequent to short-term exercise training (i.e., 24, 48, 72, and 120 h posttraining) and examine the relationship with the time course of changes in microvascular [deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HHb])-to-V̇o ratio ([HHb])/V̇o)] and macrovascular [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] O delivery to the active tissues/limbs.

Can measures of critical power precisely estimate the maximal metabolic steady-state?

Critical power (CP) conceptually represents the highest power output (PO) at physiological steady-state. In cycling exercise, CP is traditionally derived from the hyperbolic relationship of ∼5 time-to-exhaustion trials (TTE) (CP). Recently, a 3-min all-out test (CP) has been proposed for estimation of CP as well the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS).

Vascular responsiveness measured by tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion slope is sensitive to different occlusion durations and training status.

What is the central question of this study? Is the near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measure of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) reperfusion slope sensitive to a range of ischaemic conditions, and do differences exist between trained and untrained individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? The StO2 reperfusion rate is sensitive to different occlusion durations, and changes in the reperfusion slope in response to a variety of ischaemic challenges can be used to detect differences between two groups. These data indicate that near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures of StO2, specifically the reperfusion slope following a vascular occlusion, can be used as a sensitive measure of vascular responsiveness. The reperfusion rate of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) represents vascular responsiveness.

Repeatability of vascular responsiveness measures derived from near-infrared spectroscopy.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived measures of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) have been recently shown to significantly correlate with the widely used method for noninvasively assessing vascular endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The purpose of this study was to examine the intraday and interday reliability of the reperfusion slope of StO2 (slope 2 StO2) and compare it to FMD Ultrasound-derived FMD was quantified following 5 min of distal cuff occlusion of the popliteal artery in nine healthy young men (26 ± 3 years). An FMD test was performed each of 4 days, with a fifth involving three tests.

Vascular responsiveness determined by near-infrared spectroscopy measures of oxygen saturation.

Vascular impairments at the macro- and microcirculatory levels are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is currently the most widely used method for non-invasive assessment of vascular endothelial function. Recently, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived measures of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) have been used to characterize the dynamic response of local tissue perfusion to a brief period of ischaemia.

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Shares Features of Both Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Lentiviral Infections.

The virus-host relationship in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected chimpanzees is thought to be different from that found in other SIV infected African primates. However, studies of captive SIVcpz infected chimpanzees are limited. Previously, the natural SIVcpz infection of one chimpanzee, and the experimental infection of six chimpanzees was reported, with limited follow-up.

Genome-guided investigation of plant natural product biosynthesis.

The medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, produces hundreds of biologically active monoterpene-derived indole alkaloid (MIA) metabolites and is the sole source of the potent, expensive anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine.

The genomic and phenotypic diversity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Natural variation within species reveals aspects of genome evolution and function. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important model for eukaryotic biology, but researchers typically use one standard laboratory strain. To extend the usefulness of this model, we surveyed the genomic and phenotypic variation in 161 natural isolates.