Low serum glycine strengthens the association between branched-chain amino acids and impaired insulin sensitivity assessed before and after weight loss in a population with pre-diabetes: The PREVIEW_NZ cohort.

Aim: Accumulation of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is a hallmark feature of impaired insulin sensitivity. As intracellular BCAA catabolism is dependent on glycine availability, we hypothesised that the concurrent measurement of circulating glycine and BCAA may yield a stronger association with markers of insulin sensitivity than either BCAA or glycine alone. This study therefore examined the correlative relationships of BCAA, BCAA and glycine together, plus glycine alone on insulin sensitivity-related markers before and after an 8-week low energy diet (LED) intervention.

Eating Disorder and Other Psychiatric Hospitalizations in New Zealand During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: An unprecedented rise in eating disorder presentations has been documented in several countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored this phenomenon by analyzing nationwide psychiatric admissions over 5 years, controlling for demographic variables.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all hospitalizations in New Zealand with a primary psychiatric diagnosis from 2017 to 2021, using Poisson regression to calculate admission rates by diagnosis, before and during the pandemic.

Assessing general hospital doctors' attitudes toward psychiatric care in multicultural settings.

Objective: Psychiatric care in general hospitals depends on collaboration with non-psychiatrist doctors. The Doctors' Attitudes toward Collaborative Care for Mental Health (DACC-MH) is a two-factor scale designed to address this issue and validated in the UK in 2010. However, its applicability in contemporary, culturally diverse settings is unknown and therefore this study was aimed at determining its validity and consistency using data from our 2021 international study.

Comparison of acoustic particle acceleration detection capabilities in three shark species.

Behavioural studies have shown that sharks are capable of directional orientation to sound. However, only one previous experiment addresses the physiological mechanisms of directional hearing in sharks. Here, we used a directional shaker table in combination with the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique to understand the broadscale directional hearing capabilities in the New Zealand carpet shark (Cephaloscyllium isabellum), rig shark (Mustelus lenticulatus) and school shark (Galeorhinus galeus).

Comparison of bilateral to unilateral total extra-peritoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (LH) has become the treatment of choice in many centers for patients with inguinal hernia (IH). Our aim was to compare the morbidity outcomes of bilateral vs unilateral IH repair using the laparoscopic total extra-peritoneal (TEP) technique, to determine whether undertaking bilateral IH repair places patients at additional risk.

Methods: Manuscripts published up to the end of 2021 on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched.

Anthropause appreciation, biophilia, and ecophilosophical contemplations amidst a global pandemic.

In 2020, COVID-19 mitigation measures, including lockdowns and travel bans to curtail disease transmission, inadvertently led to an "Anthropause" - a unique global pause to anthropogenic activities. While there was a spike in ecological studies measuring Anthropause effects on environmental indicators, people's experiences of the Anthropause or its potential to inspire change were hardly considered. Hence, we aimed to measure people's appreciation of the environmental outcomes of the Anthropause, ecophilosophical contemplations about the pandemic, and experiences of lockdown-triggered biophilia (human's innate love for and draw towards nature) and test the hypothesis that these experiences would be consistently more prominent among the already environmentally inclined.

Age within schoolyear and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Scotland and Wales.

Background: Previous studies suggest an association between age within schoolyear and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Scotland and Wales have different school entry cut-off dates (six months apart) and policies on holding back children. We aim to investigate the association between relative age and treated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two countries, accounting for held-back children.

Selenium Supplementation in Pregnancy-Maternal and Newborn Outcomes.

Background: Several studies have suggested that increased oxidative stress during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. As selenium is an essential mineral with an antioxidant role, our aim was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched for studies reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte density differs by meningioma type and is associated with prognosis in atypical meningioma.

Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density is prognostically significant in various tumours, but few studies have investigated its significance in meningioma. This study aimed to investigate how TIL density differs by meningioma histology and whether it is a predictor of meningioma recurrence. We studied CD3, CD8, CD4, FOXP3 and PD-1 positive (+) TIL density in a continuous cohort of 476 meningiomas resected at Auckland Hospital between 2002 and 2011 using tissue microarrays and computer assisted image analysis.

Educational and health outcomes of schoolchildren in local authority care in Scotland: A retrospective record linkage study.

Background: Looked after children are defined as children who are in the care of their local authority. Previous studies have reported that looked after children have poorer mental and physical health, increased behavioural problems, and increased self-harm and mortality compared to peers. They also experience poorer educational outcomes, yet population-wide research into the latter is lacking, particularly in the United Kingdom.

Transitioning from Intraligand π,π* to Charge-Transfer Excited States Using Thiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Systems.

A series of electron donor-acceptor compounds are reported in which both the donor and acceptor strengths are systematically altered using mono-, bi-, and terthiophene as donors and benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole (btd), dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]phenazine (dppz), and the corresponding rhenium(I) complex, [ReCl(CO)(dppz)], as acceptors. The electronic properties of the compounds are characterized using electrochemistry, electronic absorbance and emission spectroscopies, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The effect of donor and acceptor strengths on frontier molecular orbital localization and on the charge-transfer (CT) character of optical transitions is modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Health, educational and employment outcomes among children treated for a skin disorder: Scotland-wide retrospective record linkage cohort study of 766,244 children.

Background: To compare health, educational and employment outcomes of schoolchildren receiving medication for a skin disorder with peers.

Methods: This retrospective population cohort study linked eight Scotland-wide databases, covering dispensed prescriptions, hospital admissions, maternity records, death certificates, annual pupil census, school examinations, school absences/exclusions and unemployment to investigate educational (absence, exclusion, special educational need, academic attainment), employment, and health (admissions and mortality) outcomes of 766,244 children attending local authority run primary, secondary and special schools in Scotland between 2009 and 2013.

Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic and maternity confounders the 130,087 (17.

Neurodevelopmental multimorbidity and educational outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren: A population-based record linkage cohort study.

Background: Neurodevelopmental conditions commonly coexist in children, but compared to adults, childhood multimorbidity attracts less attention in research and clinical practice. We previously reported that children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression have more school absences and exclusions, additional support needs, poorer attainment, and increased unemployment. They are also more likely to have coexisting conditions, including autism and intellectual disability.

Congenital defects and early childhood outcomes following in-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication.

Background: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are an important risk to mother and fetus, frequently necessitating antihypertensive treatment. Data describing the safety of in-utero exposure to antihypertensive treatment is conflicting with many studies suffering from significant methodological issues.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked routinely collected healthcare records for 268 711 children born 2010-2014 in Scotland to assess outcomes following in-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication.

Investigating the incidence, nature, severity and potential causality of medication errors in hospital settings in Qatar.

Background Medication errors are a major public health concern that negatively impact patient safety and health outcomes. Effective and efficient medication error reporting systems and practices are imperative in reducing error incidence and severity. Objective The objectives were to quantify the incidence, nature and severity of medication errors, and to explore potential causality using a theoretical framework.

Views and experiences of decision-makers on organisational safety culture and medication errors.

Background: In 2017, the World Health Organization published "Medication Without Harm, WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge," to reduce patient harm caused by unsafe medication use practices. While the five objectives emphasise the need to create a framework for action, engaging key stakeholders and others, most published research has focused on the perspectives of health professionals. The aim was to explore the views and experiences of decision-makers in Qatar on organisational safety culture, medication errors and error reporting.

Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antidepressant medication: Scotland-wide retrospective record linkage cohort study of 766 237 schoolchildren.

Background: Childhood depression is relatively common, under-researched and can impact social and cognitive function and self-esteem.

Methods: Record linkage of routinely collected Scotland-wide administrative databases covering prescriptions [prescribing information system (PIS)], hospitalizations (Scottish Morbidity Records 01 and 04), maternity records (Scottish Morbidity Records 02), deaths (National Records of Scotland), annual pupil census, school absences/exclusions, special educational needs (Scottish Exchange of Educational Data; ScotXed), examinations (Scottish Qualifications Authority) and (un)employment (ScotXed) provided data on 766 237 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013 inclusively. We compared educational and health outcomes of children receiving antidepressant medication with their peers, adjusting for confounders (socio-demographic, maternity and comorbidity) and explored effect modifiers and mediators.

Associations of Prenatal and Childhood Antibiotic Exposure With Obesity at Age 4 Years.

Importance: Although antibiotics are associated with obesity in animal models, the evidence in humans is conflicting.

Objective: To assess whether antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or early childhood is associated with the development of childhood obesity, focusing particularly on siblings and twins.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional national study included 284 211 participants (132 852 mothers and 151 359 children) in New Zealand.

In Utero Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: A Data Linkage Cohort Study.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are an important risk to mother and fetus, frequently necessitating antihypertensive treatment. Data describing the safety of in utero exposure to antihypertensive treatment is conflicting, with many studies suffering from significant methodological issues, such as inappropriate study design, small sample sizes, and no untreated control group. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked routinely collected healthcare records for 268 711 children born 2010-2014 in Scotland to assess outcomes following in utero exposure to antihypertensive medication.

In utero exposure to antidepressant medication and neonatal and child outcomes: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this study is to systematically review published studies, reporting outcomes to offspring following in utero exposure to antidepressant medications, which used an untreated depressed comparison group.

Methods: OVID, Scopus, EBSCO Collections, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant publications published between January 1950 and May 2018 and a total of 188 potentially eligible studies were identified.

Results: Following review, 16 primary studies were eligible for inclusion.

Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Type 1 Diabetes: Scotland-Wide Record Linkage Study of 766,047 Children.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the association between childhood type 1 diabetes and educational and health outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Record linkage of nine Scotland-wide databases (diabetes register, dispensed prescriptions, maternity records, hospital admissions, death certificates, annual pupil census, school absences/exclusions, school examinations, and unemployment) produced a cohort of 766,047 singleton children born in Scotland who attended Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. We compared the health and education outcomes of schoolchildren receiving insulin with their peers, adjusting for potential confounders.

Educational and health outcomes of children treated for asthma: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 683 716 children.

Background: The global prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing. The condition impacts physical and psychosocial morbidity; therefore, wide-ranging effects on health and education outcomes are plausible.

Methods: Linkage of eight Scotland-wide databases, covering dispensed prescriptions, hospital admissions, maternity records, death certificates, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences/exclusions and unemployment, provided data on 683 716 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013.

Medication errors in hospitals in the Middle East: a systematic review of prevalence, nature, severity and contributory factors.

Purpose: The aim was to critically appraise, synthesise and present the evidence of medication errors amongst hospitalised patients in Middle Eastern countries, specifically prevalence, nature, severity and contributory factors.

Methods: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Pubmed and Science Direct were searched for studies published in English from 2000 to March 2018, with no exclusions. Study selection, quality assessment (using adapted STROBE checklists) and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers.

Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antiepileptic medication: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766 244 schoolchildren.

Background: Childhood epilepsy can adversely affect education and employment in addition to health. Previous studies are small or highly selective producing conflicting results. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare educational and health outcomes of children receiving antiepileptic medication versus peers.

Herbal Medicinal Product Use During Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To report the incidence and nature of herbal medicinal products' adverse events and herb-drug interactions used by some pregnant and postnatal women.

Data Sources: The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until August 2018.