The relationship between patient-centred care for substance use disorders and patient outcomes: A scoping review.

Background: Patient-centred care (PCC) is considered crucial for high-quality substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and care, but it is unclear whether PCC is associated with enhanced outcomes. This review aimed to map available evidence of the relationship between PCC and outcomes across the SUD treatment continuum.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature on the relationship between PCC for SUD and service outcomes in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Environmental and Biological Drivers of Root Exudation.

Root exudation is the process by which plants release organic and inorganic metabolites from their roots into the surrounding soil. Root exudation is a dynamic process and shapes plant-environment interactions at the root-soil interface. Little is known about the biological and environmental factors that shape the exuded metabolome, hereafter referred to as the exudome, despite its importance in structuring soil processes.

Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis on Tetracycline Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Colonization with Tetracycline-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus.

Background: Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP) is increasingly used among men who have sex with men (MSM). Its impact on antimicrobial resistance and the microbiome is uncertain.

Methods: We used Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) surveillance data from King County, WA and joinpoint regression to investigate trends in NG-tetracycline resistance (tetR), 2017-2024 and, among sexual health clinic (SHC) patients, evaluated the association of NG-tetR with doxy PEP use.

The Burden of Diabetes Mortality by County, Race, and Ethnicity in the U.S., 2000-2019.

Objective: Diabetes is a leading cause of death in the U.S. Previous studies have found substantial racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities in diabetes mortality; however, research considering racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities simultaneously has been limited.

Acute Liver Failure: Is Acetaminophen the Only Culprit?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and rare complications such as hepatitis. EBV-associated hepatitis during acute infection may alter liver metabolism, compounding the risk of drug-induced toxicity. We report the case of a 16-year-old female with acute EBV infection who developed severe acetaminophen toxicity after reported use for migraine relief.

Melanoma-derived cytokines and extracellular vesicles are interlinked with macrophage immunosuppression.

Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating cell communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages are particularly influential in the regulation of immunosuppressive cytokines, thereby supporting tumor metastasis. The upregulation of Th2 cytokines in cancer cells is recognized for its involvement in suppressing anticancer immunity.

It's Not Too Late: Physical and Social Activity Slow Cognitive Decline in Those Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Current evidence concerning the effect of physical activity and social engagement on cognitive functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is underdeveloped. Drawing upon cognitive reserve theory, we used linear mixed models to investigate the impact of physical activity and social engagement on cognitive functioning in older adults living with MCI utilizing 16 years of data from the Health and Retirement Study ( = 1462). The average cognitive score (sum of immediate and delayed word recall, serial seven subtraction test, counting backwards, range: 0-27) at baseline was 9.

RAVE checklist: Recommendations for overcoming challenges in retrospective safety studies of automated driving systems.

Objective: The public, regulators, and domain experts alike seek to understand the effect of deployed SAE level 4 automated driving system (ADS) technologies on safety. The recent expansion of ADS technology deployments is paving the way for early stage safety impact evaluations, whereby the observational data from both an ADS and a representative benchmark fleet are compared to quantify safety performance.

Methods: In January 2024; a working group of experts across academia, insurance, and industry came together in Washington, DC to discuss the current and future challenges in performing such evaluations.

Exploring the supportive care needs of families affected by pancreatic cancer: a mixed-methods study protocol.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with most cases diagnosed at an advanced stage resulting in low survival rates. Family members often take on a role of supporting patients' needs. Families tend to be unprepared for this and experience high levels of unmet needs and substantial impacts to their own wellbeing, heightened by the rapid deterioration and short life expectancy associated with pancreatic cancer.

Root Exudation: An In-Depth Experimental Guide.

Plants exude a wide variety of compounds into the rhizosphere, modulating soil functioning and diversity. The number of studies investigating exudation has exponentially increased over the past decades. Yet, the high inter-study variability of the results is slowing down our understanding of root-soil interactions.

Cryo-EM structures of apo-APC/C and APC/C complexes provide insights into APC/C regulation.

APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that functions as a master regulator of cell division. It controls progression through the cell cycle by timely marking mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation. The APC/C itself is regulated by the sequential action of its coactivator subunits CDC20 and CDH1, post-translational modifications, and its inhibitory binding partners EMI1 and the mitotic checkpoint complex.

Risk Factors for Eye and Orbital Injuries Related to Electric Scooters and Off-Road Vehicles.

Purpose: Electric scooters (e-scooters) have rapidly become a mainstream method of transportation in the U.S. but there is consequently limited data on their safety profile.

Exploring Veteran Mental Health Disparities: A Comparative Analysis of Rural and Urban Communities in the Midwest of the United States.

Veterans face unique mental health challenges influenced by their service experiences and post-military transitions into civilian life. Geographic location also plays an integral role in impacting veterans' outcomes and access to proper care. The purpose of this case study is to examine disparities between rural and urban veterans in the Midwest using data collected from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Impact of a Multidisciplinary Service Line and Program for Transcatheter Device Closure of the Neonatal Ductus Arteriosus.

Outline a quality initiative establishing an institutional service line for neonatal transcatheter device closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (TDC-PDA). A retrospective descriptive observational study surrounds programmatic approach to TDC-PDA in premature neonates with process measure spanning education, implementation, referral, and post-procedural care. Metrics tracked pre- and post-program creation with statistical analyses performed.

A Single Interfacial Point Mutation Rescues Solution Structure Determination of the Complex of HMG-D with a DNA Bulge.

Broadening of signals from atoms at interfaces can often be a limiting factor in applying solution NMR to the structure determination of complexes. Common contributors to such problems include exchange between free and bound states and the increased molecular weight of complexes relative to the free components, but another cause that can be more difficult to deal with occurs when conformational dynamics within the interface takes place at an intermediate rate on the chemical shift timescale. In this work we show how a carefully chosen mutation in the protein HMG-D rescued such a situation, making possible high-resolution structure determination of its complex with a dA bulge DNA ligand designed to mimic a natural DNA bend, and thereby revealing a new spatial organization of the complex.

Evaluating acute nipple inversion, imaging findings and outcomes.

Purpose: Acute nipple inversion can be unsettling for patients and is sometimes associated with an underlying breast malignancy. It also poses a diagnostic challenge with lack of consensus management guidelines. This study reviewed institutional experience with new nipple inversion, including malignant association, imaging utilization, and outcomes, in an effort to improve management.

FANCD2-FANCI surveys DNA and recognizes double- to single-stranded junctions.

DNA crosslinks block DNA replication and are repaired by the Fanconi anaemia pathway. The FANCD2-FANCI (D2-I) protein complex is central to this process as it initiates repair by coordinating DNA incisions around the lesion. However, D2-I is also known to have a more general role in DNA repair and in protecting stalled replication forks from unscheduled degradation.

Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce CD36-Mediated Pre-Metastatic Niche.

CD36 expression in both immune and non-immune cells is known to be directly involved in cancer metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by malignant melanocytes play a vital role in developing tumor-promoting microenvironments, but it is unclear whether this is mediated through CD36. To understand the role of CD36 in melanoma, we first analyzed the SKCM dataset for clinical prognosis, evaluated the percentage of CD36 in lymphatic fluid-derived EVs (LEVs), and tested whether melanoma-derived EVs increase CD36 expression and induce M2-macrophage-like characteristics.

Lymphedema Rates Following Axillary Lymph Node Dissection With and Without Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction: A Prospective Trial.

Background: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) has been proposed to decrease lymphedema rates. The primary aim of our study was to determine whether ILR decreased the incidence of lymphedema in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods: We conducted a two-site pragmatic study of ALND with or without ILR, employing surgeon-level cohort assignment, based on breast surgeons' preferred standard practice.

Crystallization Kinetics of Phosphonium Ionic Liquids: Effect of Cation Alkyl Chain Length and Thermal History.

The effects of alkyl chain length on the crystallization kinetics and ion mobility of tetraalkylphosphonium, [P][TFSI], ( = 2, 6, 8, and 12) ionic liquids were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) over a wide temperature range. The liquid-glass transition temperature () and ion dynamics examined over a broad range were almost insensitive to structural modifications of the phosphonium cation. In contrast, the crystallization kinetics were strongly affected by the length of the fourth alkyl chain.

Management and outcomes of splenic injuries secondary to blunt trauma in patients presenting to major trauma hospitals in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Background: Non-operative management of splenic injuries has significantly increased in the last decade with an increased emphasis on splenic preservation. This shift was assisted by increased availability of angioembolization, however, potential geographical variability in access exists in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ). The aim of this study was to assess the management of splenic injury across AoNZ.

Antigen specificities and proviral integration sites differ in HIV-infected cells by timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation.

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons living with HIV harbor reservoirs of persistently infected CD4+ cells, which constitute a barrier to cure. Initiation of ART during acute infection reduces the size of the HIV reservoir, and we hypothesized that in addition, it would favor integration of proviruses in HIV-specific CD4+ T cells, while initiation of ART during chronic HIV infection would favor relatively more proviruses in herpesvirus-specific cells. We further hypothesized that proviruses in acute ART initiators would be integrated into antiviral genes, whereas integration sites (ISs) in chronic ART initiators would favor genes associated with cell proliferation and exhaustion.