Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Malayan Wreathed Hornbill ().

A 30-year-old female intact Malayan wreathed hornbill () was presented for presumed nesting behavior, progressive anorexia, dropping food, and coelomic distension. A complete blood count and plasma biochemistry analysis revealed marked inflammation, severe electrolyte abnormalities, elevated liver enzyme activities and bile acids, and normal plasma iron concentrations. Radiographic images of the patient were consistent with hepatomegaly and loss of serosal detail in the coelomic cavity.

Large T-cell extradural lymphoma with concurrent marked cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in a dog.

A 3-year-old male pit bull terrier was presented for a 4-day history of progressive tetraparesis and cervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extradural mass within the left lateral vertebral canal extending from caudal C5 to mid-T2. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated marked (90%) eosinophilic inflammation.

Characterization of clinicopathologic and abdominal ultrasound findings in dogs with glucocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism.

Background: Clinical findings of glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism (GDH) can overlap with other diseases, presenting a diagnostic challenge.

Objectives: Describe clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic features of dogs with GDH and those suspected of having GDH that had the disease ruled out.

Animals: Six hundred twenty-three dogs.

Radiographic evidence of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus: 4 cases in juvenile dogs.

Background: Metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus has been described histopathologically, but its radiographic appearance has not been described.

Objectives: Describe the radiographic appearance of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus in juvenile dogs as distinct from metaphyseal osteopathy (formerly called hypertrophic osteodystrophy).

Animals: Four dogs (2 intact females and 2 intact males) between 2.

Case Report: MRI, Clinical, and Pathological Correlates of Bromethalin Toxicosis in Three Dogs.

Bromethalin toxicosis is an increasingly common clinical presentation in dogs that may be fatal depending on the extent of intoxication. Antemortem diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis was achieved in three dogs by demonstration of the active metabolite desmethylbromethalin in fat or serum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were consistent with a diffuse leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion and prominent involvement of the corticospinal motor tracts on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted sequences.

Positive-pressure breath-hold positron emission tomography/computed tomography is feasible for respiratory-induced artifact reduction in healthy dogs.

Objective: To perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images using spontaneous ventilation (SV) and positive-pressure breath-hold (PPBH) techniques in order to demonstrate the feasibility of PPBH PET/CT to decrease respiration-induced artifacts.

Animals: 5 healthy female mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: 2-([18F]fluoro)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (was administered to each anesthetized dog.

The effect of COVID-19 on surgical training.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on society, healthcare in general and also on training in surgery. Cancellation of elective procedures, redeployment and establishment of green sites have combined with other factors to create significant gaps in training experience in operative and all other areas of surgery. There are nearly a million cases which have been lost to training since March 2020 and recovery means that tens of thousands of extra training cases have to be performed every month to recover that experience.

Comparison of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography and CT: An exploratory study in 12 dogs with elbow pain.

18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) provides high resolution functional information about bone activity and can be fused with CT images to improve three-dimensional localization and characterization of lesions. This prospective, observational study assessed 18F-NaF PET-CT for imaging of canine elbows, compared PET with CT findings, and assessed correlation with lameness. Twelve patients with elbow pain were included.

Clinical and Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Men Referred for Consideration of Surgery to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Baseline Results and Diagnostic Findings of the Urodynamics for Prostate Surgery Trial; Randomised Evaluation of Assessment Methods (UPSTREAM).

Background: Clinical evaluation of male lower urinary tract symptoms (MLUTS) in secondary care uses a range of assessments. It is unknown how MLUTS evaluation influences outcome of therapy recommendations and choice, notably urodynamics (UDS; filling cystometry and pressure flow studies).

Objective: To report participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and initial diagnostic findings of the Urodynamics for Prostate Surgery Trial; Randomised Evaluation of Assessment Methods (UPSTREAM).

Aberrant migration and surgical removal of a heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) from the femoral artery of a cat.

A cat was evaluated for an acute-onset of right pelvic limb paresis. Thoracic radiographs revealed normal cardiac size and tortuous pulmonary arteries. Abdominal ultrasound identified a heartworm (HW) extending from the caudal abdominal aorta into the right external iliac artery and right femoral artery.

A prospective controlled quantitative study of ultrastructural changes in the underactive detrusor.

Purpose: We quantify and compare ultrastructural changes seen at high power on electron microscopic examination of detrusor biopsies from underactive and control bladders.

Materials And Methods: The detrusor underactivity group consisted of 14 patients (mean age 64.0 years) with post-micturition residuals greater than 300 ml.

A prospective evaluation of detrusor ultrastructural changes in bladder outlet obstruction.

Objectives: To characterize the ultrastructure of detrusor smooth muscle from the bladders of symptomatic men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) caused by benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and compare this with a matched control group; to determine how detrusor morphology relates to urodynamic findings and to develop a better understanding of the natural development of bladder dysfunction related to BOO.

Patients And Methods: Twelve men (mean age 66 years, range 52-77) with urodynamically confirmed BOO caused by BPE and 12 age-matched asymptomatic normally voiding controls (mean age 67.8 years, undergoing cystoscopy for other conditions) had detrusor biopsies taken endoscopically.

A qualitative ultrastructural study of the hypocontractile detrusor.

Purpose: It has been proposed that precise and specific ultrastructural patterns exist in the dysfunctional human detrusor. We evaluated ultrastructural changes in the hypocontractile detrusor and examined the technique of detrusor muscle biopsy and its clinical application.

Materials And Methods: After clinical and urodynamic evaluation 19 male and 2 female patients with severe hypocontractility were entered into this prospective study.

Peyronie's disease-the Plymouth experience of extracorporeal shockwave treatment.

Objective: To describe our experience of the use of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (EST) for Peyronie's disease. Patients and methods The study included 28 patients (mean age 57 years, range 34-72) with stable Peyronie's disease who were treated with 3.9 (3-5) sessions of EST to the Peyronie's plaque.