Productivity, efficiency, and overall performance comparisons between attendings working solo versus attendings working with residents staffing models in an emergency department: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study.

Background And Objective: Attending physician productivity and efficiency can be affected when working simultaneously with Residents. To gain a better understanding of this effect, we aim to compare productivity, efficiency, and overall performance differences among Attendings working solo versus working with Residents in an Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of all patients seen by ED Attendings and/or Residents during the period July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2017.

Emergency Medicine Resident Efficiency and Emergency Department Crowding.

Objectives: Provider efficiency has been reported in the literature but there is a lack of efficiency analysis among emergency medicine (EM) residents. We aim to compare efficiency of EM residents of different training levels and determine if EM resident efficiency is affected by emergency department (ED) crowding.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective observation study from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2017.

Rural to urban migration and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.

Background: High levels of rural to urban migration are a feature of most African countries. Our aim was to investigate changes, and their determinants, in cardiovascular risk factors on rural to urban migration in Tanzania.

Methods: Men and women (15 to 59 years) intending to migrate from Morogoro rural region to Dar es Salaam for at least 6 months were identified.

Stroke mortality in urban and rural Tanzania. Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project.

Background: Most data for stroke mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are hospital based. We aimed to establish the contribution of cerebrovascular disease to all-cause mortality and cerebrovascular disease mortality rates in adults aged 15 years or more in one urban and two rural areas of Tanzania.

Methods: Regular censuses of the three surveillance populations consisting of 307,820 people (125,932 aged below 15 years and 181,888 aged 15 or more) were undertaken with prospective monitoring of all deaths arising in these populations between June 1, 1992 and May 31, 1995.

Age specific prevalence of impairment and disability relating to hemiplegic stroke in the Hai District of northern Tanzania. Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project.

Objectives: To determine the age specific prevalence of impairment and disability relating to hemiplegic stroke in one rural area of Tanzania.

Methods: During the yearly house to house census of the study population of 148 135 (85 152 aged 15 and over) in August 1994, specific questions were asked to identify those who might be disabled from stroke. People thus identified were subsequently interviewed and examined by one investigator.

Insulin resistance and hypertension in non-obese Africans in Tanzania.

Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a glucose-insulin infusion test in 15 newly diagnosed non-obese hypertensive black Tanzanians with normal glucose tolerance and in 15 normotensive control subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The steady-state blood glucose and metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) were used as measures of insulin sensitivity. The mean MCR (glucose) was significantly reduced (7.

The relationship of concentrations of insulin and proinsulin-like molecules with coronary heart disease prevalence and incidence. A study of two ethnic groups.

Objective: To define the potential role of proinsulin-like molecules as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Research Design And Methods: Fasting concentrations of proinsulin, des-31,32-proinsulin, and insulin, and of insulin 2 h after a 75-g glucose load, were measured in 1,034 nondiabetic europid subjects and 257 south Asian subjects and related to prevalent coronary heart disease (Minnesota-coded electrocardiographic criteria or ischemic chest pain). In 137 south Asian subjects, the fasting concentrations were related to incident coronary heart disease over a 6.

Diabetes mellitus as a cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa: results of a community-based study in Tanzania. The Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project.

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of diabetes mellitus to all-cause mortality and diabetes mortality rates in adults 15 years and above living in one urban and two rural areas of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Hai and Morogoro Rural Districts). The three surveillance populations comprised 307,912 persons. Prospective monitoring of all deaths between 1 June 1992 and 31 May 1995 was carried out.

Utilisation of government and private health services in Dar es Salaam.

Following the liberalisation of medical practice in Tanzania since the early 1990's, and the introduction of user fees in public hospitals in 1993, a household survey evaluated utilisation of health care in Dar es Salaam. A sample of 6,589 inhabitants was interviewed in April 1995 by means of a two-stage cluster sampling technique. Of the respondents, 32% reported some use of health care within the previous two weeks.

Outlook for survivors of childhood in sub-Saharan Africa: adult mortality in Tanzania. Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project.

Objective: To measure age and sex specific mortality in adults (15-59 years) in one urban and two rural areas of Tanzania.

Design: Reporting of all deaths occurring between 1 June 1992 and 31 May 1995.

Setting: Eight branches in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania's largest city), 59 villages in Morogoro rural district (a poor rural area), and 47 villages in Hai district (a more prosperous rural area).

Blood pressure changes in diabetes in urban Tanzania.

Little is known of the natural history of blood pressure (BP) levels in diabetic patients from sub-Saharan Africa. BP levels were therefore recorded in such patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, over 2, 5, and 7 years. Hypertension was found in 5% of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 29.

IDDM susceptibility associated with polymorphisms in the insulin gene region. A study of blacks, Caucasians and orientals.

Previous studies have suggested an association between polymorphisms in the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Most of the studies so far have been performed in Caucasoid populations. We have investigated 418 random IDDM patients and 422 healthy control subjects from three different ethnic groups; Tanzanian blacks, Norwegian Caucasians and Japanese orientals.

Perinatal mortality in rural Tanzania.

In 1987, as part of the World Health Organization's Inter-Health Programme, we carried out a noncommunicable diseases survey in six rural villages in Tanzania. Each women completed a questionnaire, part of which was concerned with obstetric history, and underwent a physical examination. Our findings of unacceptably high perinatal mortality and abortion rates are described below.

Schistosomiasis prevalence after administration of praziquantel to school children in Melela village, Morogoro region, Tanzania.

A study of the prevalence of schistosomiasis was carried out in 253 school children in Melela, Tanzania, one year after a single dose of praziquantel, 40 mg/kg body weight. The cure rate was 90.4%.

Coronary heart disease risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: studies in Tanzanian adolescents.

Study Objective: To assess the level of cardiovascular risk factors in young people in sub-Saharan Africa living in rural and urban settings.

Design: Cross sectional survey of the population aged 15 to 19 years.

Setting: Eight rural Tanzanian villages in three regions, and two districts in Dar es Salaam.

Low prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease in rural Tanzania.

A community-based survey was used to assess the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in rural Tanzanians. In all, 8581 subjects (3705 men, 4876 women) aged > or = 15 years in eight villages in three regions in rural Tanzania representing a range of socioeconomic deprivation were studied. The main outcome measures were serum cholesterol and triglyceride level, blood pressure and prevalence of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, overweight, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes; as well as ECG changes.

Prospective study of incidence of juvenile diabetes mellitus over 10 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Objective: To ascertain the annual incidence of diabetes requiring treatment with insulin in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, during a 10 year period from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 1991.

Design: Prospective registration at a major urban hospital of all patients with newly diagnosed diabetes who were resident in Dar es Salaam.

Setting: Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Glucose tolerance during and after pregnancy in nondiabetic women in an urban population in Tanzania.

Objective: It is generally accepted that glucose tolerance deteriorates during pregnancy in the developed world. Several small studies have suggested that this may not be the case in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to investigate changes in glucose tolerance in nondiabetic African women during pregnancy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Is diabetes mellitus related to undernutrition in rural Tanzania?

Objective: To investigate the relation between undernutrition and diabetes.

Design: Survey of glucose tolerance in rural Tanzania.

Setting: Eight villages in three widely separated regions of Tanzania.