Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021-2023.

Background: The prevalence and risk factors for ongoing symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [SCV2]) or influenza infection are not well characterized. We conducted a prospective cohort study of households wherein ≥1 individual was infected with SCV2 or influenza to evaluate prevalence of and factors associated with ongoing symptoms at 90 days.

Methods: Index cases and their household contacts provided baseline health and sociodemographic information and collected daily respiratory specimens for 10 days following enrollment.

Estimating the generation time for influenza transmission using household data in the United States.

The generation time, representing the interval between infections in primary and secondary cases, is essential for understanding and predicting the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza, including the real-time effective reproduction number (Rt). However, comprehensive generation time estimates for seasonal influenza, especially since the 2009 influenza pandemic, are lacking. We estimated the generation time utilizing data from a 7-site case-ascertained household study in the United States over two influenza seasons, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023.

Design and early progress of the Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial.

Background: The usual antithrombotic treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) consists of dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days followed by aspirin alone but the risk of recurrent stroke remains high up to 12 months. The Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial was designed to determine whether other combinations of dual antithrombotic therapy are superior to clopidogrel and aspirin.

Methods: CAPTIVA is an ongoing, prospective, double-blinded, three-arm clinical trial at over 100 sites in the United States and Canada that will randomize 1683 high-risk subjects with a symptomatic infarct attributed to 70-99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery to 12 months of treatment with (1) ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, then 90 mg twice daily), (2) low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

Internalized Transnegativity, Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults.

Eating disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent among transgender and nonbinary (TNB) adults, and internalized transnegativity is a key risk factor for ED symptomatology. Although extant literature has established that self-compassion protects against EDs among the cisgender population, research among TNB adults is nascent. The current study sought to identify whether internalized transnegativity and components of self-compassion (i.

Actinic keratosis with severe dysplasia and Bowen disease represent distinct pathways of intraepidermal squamous neoplasia: an immunohistochemical study.

Intraepidermal squamous neoplasia is a precursor to invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The most common type of intraepidermal squamous neoplasia is actinic keratosis (AK), although there is compelling clinicopathological evidence of a second distinct pattern of squamous dysplasia termed Bowen disease (BD). The distinction between these pathways of dysplasia has been inconsistently delineated in the literature.

Repeated sprint training: The effects of session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in athletes.

We examined the effects of repeated sprint training (RST) session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes. In a randomised, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 healthy and trained male and female athletes (age: 23 ± 3 years) completed two sets of 10 × 40 m (10 × 40), 5 × 40 m (5 × 40), 10 × 20 m (10 × 20) and 5 × 20 m (5 × 20) sprints with 30 s rest between repetitions and 3 min rest between sets for all protocols. Average and peak heart rate, average oxygen consumption (VO), time >90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO), differential ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE training load (sRPE-TL), percentage sprint decrement (S), acceleration load and distance >90% of maximal sprint speed were recorded during each session.

Effectiveness of synchronous teledentistry consultations in facilitating treatment compliance of rural pediatric patients.

Background: Limited access to pediatric oral health care in rural US areas is a substantial dental public health problem. In 2010, the Eastman Institute for Oral Health at the University of Rochester, initiated a synchronous teledentistry program to enhance oral health screenings, treatment planning, and treatment completion for rural pediatric patients who reside in the Western region of New York.

Methods: Data from dental records of all pediatric patients who were participants in the teledentistry program from its inception on April 13, 2010 through December 31, 2022, were reviewed.

A Novel Method to Predict Carbohydrate and Energy Expenditure During Endurance Exercise Using Measures of Training Load.

Background: Sports nutrition guidelines recommend carbohydrate (CHO) intake be individualized to the athlete and modulated according to changes in training load. However, there are limited methods to assess CHO utilization during training sessions.

Objectives: We aimed to (1) quantify bivariate relationships between both CHO and overall energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and commonly used, non-invasive measures of training load across sessions of varying duration and intensity and (2) build and evaluate prediction models to estimate CHO utilization and EE with the same training load measures and easily quantified individual factors.

Dental Caries: The Way Forward.

It is evident that some progress in reducing ECC prevalence in children has been made, but these improvements are not equally distributed. Systemic inequities in oral health among the youngest, most vulnerable children must be reduced.

Estimating the generation time for influenza transmission using household data in the United States.

The generation time, representing the interval between infections in primary and secondary cases, is essential for understanding and predicting the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza, including the real-time effective reproduction number (Rt). However, comprehensive generation time estimates for seasonal influenza, especially post the 2009 influenza pandemic, are lacking. We estimated the generation time utilizing data from a 7-site case-ascertained household study in the United States over two influenza seasons, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023.

Exploring the Sociodemographic and Health-Related Determinants of Telehealth Use Among a Cohort of Older Australians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapid adoption of telehealth care services as a public health strategy to maintain access to essential health care. In Australia, there has been increasing optimism for the expansion of telehealth services. However, little is known about the patterns and determinants of telehealth adoption among older adults, with concerns that an expansion of telehealth services may only be of benefit to those who already have better access to health care.

Imperceptible augmentation of living systems with organic bioelectronic fibres.

The functional and sensory augmentation of living structures, such as human skin and plant epidermis, with electronics can be used to create platforms for health management and environmental monitoring. Ideally, such bioelectronic interfaces should not obstruct the inherent sensations and physiological changes of their hosts. The full life cycle of the interfaces should also be designed to minimize their environmental footprint.

Lumen Pressure Modulation in Chicken Embryos.

Pressure exerted by fluid contained within a lumen plays a crucial role in the growth, morphogenesis, and patterning of epithelial organs. Accurate modulation of lumen pressure in the developing embryo requires sensitive and robust methods that can detect and vary pressure in the range of tens to hundreds of Pascals (Pa). Here we describe a simple, cost-effective protocol for setting up a pressure modulation apparatus combining a high-sensitivity pressure sensor and a water column whose height can be finely tuned.

Assessment of growth monitoring among children younger than 5 years at early childhood development centres in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa.

Introduction: Early childhood development (ECD) centres are important community hubs in South Africa and act as sites for community detection of childhood nutrition problems. This study aimed to assess the ability of trained ECD practitioners with optimal support to correctly classify the nutritional status of infants and young children at ECD centres in the Nelson Mandela Bay.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 1645 infants and children at 88 ECD centres.

Thwarted Belongingness and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults: The Moderating Roles of Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Place of Residence.

Objectives: This study investigated whether the relationship between thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms was moderated by self-warmth and self-coldness and whether the moderating effects were conditional on place of residence (urban versus rural).

Methods: A sample of 236 Australian adults aged 65 to 97 years ( = 73.63, SD = 6.

Assessing criterion and longitudinal validity of submaximal heart rate indices as measures of cardiorespiratory fitness: A preliminary study in football.

Objectives: To evaluate the criterion and longitudinal validity of field- and laboratory-derived heart rate (HR) indices of resting and submaximal fitness tests (SMFTs) as measures of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Design: Observational, repeated measures.

Methods: Twenty-nine semi-professional footballers participated.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Rapid Antigen Test Performance - Respiratory Virus Transmission Network, November 2022-May 2023.

As population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 evolves and new variants emerge, the role and accuracy of antigen tests remain active questions. To describe recent test performance, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by antigen testing was compared with that by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture testing during November 2022-May 2023. Participants who were enrolled in a household transmission study completed daily symptom diaries and collected two nasal swabs (tested for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR, culture, and antigen tests) each day for 10 days after enrollment.

Psychological interventions designed to reduce relocation stress for older people transitioning into permanent residential aged care: a systematic scoping review.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify and evaluate psychological interventions or strategies designed to reduce relocation stress in older people making the permanent transition into residential aged care.

Method: A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted. An electronic search of nine databases and the search engine google scholar was completed in December 2022.

A Methodological Comparison of Protocols and Analytical Techniques to Assess the Outcome Measures of Submaximal Fitness Tests.

Background: Submaximal fitness test (SMFT) outcome measures are frequently collected with a wide array of technologies and methodological approaches.

Purpose: To examine the test-retest reliability of various SMFT outcome measures derived from different protocols and analytical techniques.

Methods: Twenty-six semiprofessional adult soccer players performed 3 SMFT protocols, including 2 continuous (3 min, 11 and 12.

The Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training on Physical Fitness and Physiological Adaptation in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Repeated-sprint training (RST) is a common training method for enhancing physical fitness in athletes. To advance RST prescription, it is important to understand the effects of programming variables on physical fitness and physiological adaptation.

Objectives: This study (1) quantifies the pooled effects of running RST on changes in 10 and 20 m sprint time, maximal oxygen consumption (VO), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIR1) distance, repeated-sprint ability (RSA), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and change of direction (COD) ability in athletes, and (2) examines the moderating effects of program duration, training frequency, weekly volume, sprint modality, repetition distance, number of repetitions per set and number of sets per session on changes in these outcome measures.

Symptoms, Viral Loads, and Rebound Among COVID-19 Outpatients Treated With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Compared With Propensity Score-Matched Untreated Individuals.

Background: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/R) reduces severe outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, rebound after treatment has been reported. We compared symptom and viral dynamics in individuals with COVID-19 who completed N/R treatment and similar untreated individuals.

Methods: We identified symptomatic participants who tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive and were N/R eligible from a COVID-19 household transmission study.

The importance of fetal autopsy: An institutional review and development of best practices for reporting size and estimating gestational age at demise.

Objectives: Fetal and neonatal autopsy offers critical insight into disease processes and clinical decision-making in reproductive medicine. Elucidating the cause of death and gaining a deeper understanding of the entities leading to fetal demise aids in anticipatory guidance for physicians and patients. Accurate assessment of growth and dating of fetuses is an important aspect of classifying pathology in the fetal and neonatal population.

Investigating the Role of 17β-Estradiol on the Serotonergic System, Targeting Soy Isoflavones as a Strategy to Reduce Menopausal Depression: A Mechanistic Review.

Low serotonin is one factor implicated in the development of depression. 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to modulate gene expression regulating the neurotransmission of serotonin. Sex hormone levels fluctuate dramatically during the menopausal transition, coinciding with a 14-fold increased risk of depression.