Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030.

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact-and possibly depend on-changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change.

Surgical Morbidity following Planned Hysterectomy versus Conservative Management for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective:  In recent years, the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has fallen into two categories: planned hysterectomy and conservative management to preserve fertility. However, optimal management remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two to evaluate which approach was associated with lower surgical morbidity.

Propranolol to decrease time to delivery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To assess the effect of propranolol on time to delivery among patients undergoing induction or augmentation of labor.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CINAHL (EBSCO) were searched from inception to December 2023.

Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: Treatment options for severe, refractory iron deficiency anemia are limited in pregnancy.

Objective: To review the available literature on the use of recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Search Strategy: An electronic search of seven databases from inception to March 2022 was performed using a combination of keywords.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency as a cause for nonimmune hydrops fetalis and severe fetal anemia: A systematic review.

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder that predisposes individuals to hemolysis due to an inborn error of metabolism. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate G6PD deficiency as a possible etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) and severe fetal anemia.

Methods: PubMed, OVID Medline, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.

Cord blood troponin I levels: biomarker evidence of fetal cardiac injury in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been linked to sudden stillbirth. The suddenness of the stillbirths in these cases have led clinicians to suspect that the pathogenesis of stillbirth in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is not related to asphyxia but rather to an undefined etiology. One leading hypothesis relates certain bile acid metabolites to myocardial injury.

One-step vs 2-step gestational diabetes mellitus screening and pregnancy outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of patients screened with the 1-step or 2-step screening method for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS were searched from inception up to September 2022.

Antenatal steroids and neonatal outcomes in late preterm births with pregestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate if antenatal steroid use was associated with a lower rate of respiratory complications in neonates born late preterm to patients with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of live, singleton, non-anomalous, late preterm births complicated by PGDM using data from the Centers for Disease Control and National Vital Statistics System from 2017 to 2021. The primary (assisted ventilation use >6 h) and secondary neonatal outcomes (immediate assisted ventilation, Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission, and surfactant use) were compared between births that received steroids and those that did not.

Haptic Nudging Using a Wearable Device to Promote Upper Limb Activity during Stroke Rehabilitation: Exploring Diurnal Variation, Repetition, and Duration of Effect.

Haptic nudging via wearable devices promotes physical activity and may increase upper limb movement in stroke rehabilitation. This study investigated the optimal approach to haptic nudging by examining diurnal variation, duration of effect, and repeated nudging. The study analysed data from a multiple-period randomised crossover study.

Maternal outcomes of a cohort of pregnancies affected by non-immune hydrops fetalis.

Objective: To describe the maternal outcomes of a prospective cohort of non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) pregnancies with negative standard-of-care evaluations.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of NIHF pregnancies with negative work-ups (infection, alloimmune anemia, fetomaternal hemorrhage, and chromosomal disorders). Outcomes were obstetric complications, including pre-eclampsia, mirror syndrome, preterm birth, polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal mental health.

Differences in Exposure to Minimally Invasive Surgery in a Sample of United States Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents.

Objective:  The objective of this study was to assess the exposure to minimally invasive gynecologic surgery (MIGS) techniques among senior (third and fourth year) Obstetrics and Gynecology residents in the United States.

Methods:  We conducted an online cross-sectional survey among senior residents who completed a 19-item questionnaire regarding their exposure to laparoscopic and robotic cases and techniques and their access to their simulation. We performed a comparison among these residents, grouped based on the four geographical regions of the United States.

Imaging and outcomes of fetal adrenal hemorrhage: A systematic review.

Objective: To describe prenatal and postnatal imaging findings of fetal adrenal hemorrhage (FAH) and its associated perinatal outcomes, including frequency of postnatal surgical intervention.

Method: A systematic literature review of seven electronic databases was conducted from inception until January 2022, with 2008 articles identified reporting prenatally identified fetal adrenal masses. Studies with confirmed FAH diagnosis were included.

Are women residents of surgical specialties at a higher risk of developing imposter syndrome?

Background: Imposter syndrome is a chronic feeling of doubt leading to a sense of incompetence, which is common among trainees. However, little is known about the effect of gender on imposter syndrome among surgical trainees.

Methods: An online national survey was distributed to the surgical subspecialty residents between March and September 2022, including demographics, validated Clance Imposter Scale and a short questionnaire evaluating depression and anxiety.

Incarcerated gravid uterus - A systematic review.

Incarcerated gravid uterus (IGU) is a serious complication of pregnancy that leads to adverse obstetric outcomes. The aim of this review was to describe this entity in detail. We also aimed to understand if pregnancies with predisposing risk factors that increase the risk of developing IGU had a difference in their clinical manifestations, treatment, and obstetric outcomes.

Changes in Rates of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Nulliparous Patients After the ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) Trial.

The ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial demonstrated lower rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among low-risk nulliparous patients undergoing labor induction at 39 weeks of gestation. We conducted a population-based cohort study in which we evaluated the association between the routinization of 39-week induction and the rate of HDP by comparing rates before and after the ARRIVE trial publication, using the National Vital Statistics System. Logistic regression models were used to project what the HDP rate would have been based on trends seen pre-ARRIVE.

Modulating perceptual learning indexed by the face inversion effect: Simulating the application of transcranial direct current stimulation using the MKM model.

We report here two large studies investigating the effects of an established transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) procedure on perceptual learning as indexed by the face inversion effect. Experiments 1a and 1b (n = 128) examined the harmful generalization from Thatcherized faces to normal faces by directly comparing the size of the inversion effect for normal faces when presented intermixed with Thatcherized faces (Experiment 1a) versus that obtained when normal faces were presented intermixed with checkerboards (Experiment 1b). The results from the sham/control tDCS groups provide the first direct evidence in the literature showing how Thatcherized faces generalize onto normal ones producing a reduced inversion effect compared to when normal faces are presented with stimuli (e.

Connecting the dots: Carrier screening and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act in the United States.

Objective: To highlight the possibility of genetic discrimination in the United States with respect to carrier screening under limitations of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) and to encourage providers to educate patients about this possibility during pretest counseling.

Methods: Review of current professional guidelines and practice resources regarding the necessary components of pretest counseling for carrier screening in the context of GINA's limitations and the potential impact of carrier screening results on life, long-term care and disability insurance.

Results: Current practice resources advise that patients in the United States should be informed that their employer or health insurance company generally cannot use their genetic information during the underwriting process.

Scoping out noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation: a review of the parameters used to improve postural control.

Objective: Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been used to facilitate vestibular function and improve gait and balance in people with poor postural control. The aim of this scoping review is to collate, summarize and report on the nGVS parameters that have been used to augment postural control.

Method: A systematic scoping review was conducted up to December 2022.

HELLP syndrome at <23 weeks' gestation: a systematic literature review.

Objective: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the clinical presentation and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with early-onset HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome.

Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried from inception through January 1, 2023 with the following terms: "HELLP syndrome," "HELLP," "hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets," "hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome," "pre-viable," "peri-viable," "previable," "periviable," "first trimester," "second trimester," "before 23 weeks," "<23 weeks," "<23 week gestation," and "before 23 weeks gestation.

Rates of Influenza and Tdap Vaccination in Teaching and Private Obstetrical Practices, and the Influence of Vaccine Hesitancy.

Objectives: We evaluated differences in vaccination rates of patients of teaching and private practices, and explored the rate of vaccine hesitancy in pregnant women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of recently delivered women. Women completed a survey, which included a question about whether they received the influenza and/or Tdap vaccine, and a vaccine hesitancy scale for both influenza and Tdap vaccines.