The Initial Progression of Physical and Perceptual Symptoms Associated With Aniseikonia.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the initial progression of physical and perceptual symptoms associated with wearing spectacles that produce unequal retinal image sizes in the two eyes (aniseikonia).

Methods: A within-subjects experiment (n = 20) was conducted to assess how symptoms change over one hour. Participants wore spectacles that contained a minifying lens (4%) over one eye and a plano lens over the other.

We Are Not All the Same: Implications of Heterogeneity Among Latiné/e/x/o/a, Hispanic, and Spanish Origin People.

There is great variation in the experiences of Latiné/e/x/o/a, Hispanic, and/or Spanish origin (LHS) individuals in the United States, including differences in race, ancestry, colonization histories, and immigration experiences. This essay calls readers to consider the implications of the heterogeneity of lived experiences among LHS populations, including variations in country of origin, immigration histories, time in the United States, languages spoken, and colonization histories on patient care and academia. There is power in unity when advocating for community, social, and political change, especially as it pertains to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI; sometimes referred to as DEI) efforts in academic institutions.

Equity and Justice in Family Medicine Clinical Care and Teaching Must Incorporate a Reproductive Justice Framework.

Since European settlement, the United States has controlled the reproduction of communities of color through tactics ranging from forced pregnancies, sterilizations, and abortions to immigration policies and policies that separate children from their families. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning), asexual, intersex, and gender diverse people (LGBTQIA+) have been persecuted for sexual behavior and gender expression, and also restricted from having children. In response, women of color and LGBTQIA+ communities have organized for Reproductive Justice (RJ) and liberation.

How small changes to one eye's retinal image can transform the perceived shape of a very familiar object.

Vision can provide useful cues about the geometric properties of an object, like its size, distance, pose, and shape. But how the brain merges these properties into a complete sensory representation of a three-dimensional object is poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated a visual illusion in which humans misperceive the shape of an object due to a small change in one eye's retinal image.

3D Bioprinting of Food Grade Hydrogel Infused with Living Mycelium in Non-sterile Conditions.

Mycelium is the root-like network of fungi. Mycelium biocomposites prepared by template replication (molding) can function as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional polystyrene foams, which are energy- and carbon-intensive to manufacture. Recently, several studies have shown that 3D bioprinting technologies can be used to produce high value functional mycelium products with intricate geometries that are otherwise difficult or impossible to achieve via template replication.

Single-cell morphodynamical trajectories enable prediction of gene expression accompanying cell state change.

Extracellular signals induce changes to molecular programs that modulate multiple cellular phenotypes, including proliferation, motility, and differentiation status. The connection between dynamically adapting phenotypic states and the molecular programs that define them is not well understood. Here we develop data-driven models of single-cell phenotypic responses to extracellular stimuli by linking gene transcription levels to "morphodynamics" - changes in cell morphology and motility observable in time-lapse image data.

"Our services are not the same": the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on care interactions in women's shelters.

Background: Guidelines and regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the health care sector. We explore these impacts in the gender-based violence (GBV) services sector and, more specifically, in the context of women's shelters.

Methods: Using an interpretive description and integrated knowledge mobilization approach, we interviewed 8 women's shelter clients, 26 staff, and conducted focus groups with 24 Executive Directors.

The contribution of image minification to discomfort experienced in wearable optics.

Wearable optics have a broad range of uses, for example, in refractive spectacles and augmented/virtual reality devices. Despite the long-standing and widespread use of wearable optics in vision care and technology, user discomfort remains an enduring mystery. Some of this discomfort is thought to derive from optical image minification and magnification.

Low-power laser manufacturing of copper tracks on 3D printed geometry using liquid polyimide coating.

Silver nanoparticle photoreduction synthesis by direct laser writing is a process that enables copper micro-track production on very specific polymers. However, some important 3D printing polymers, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylates, do not accept this treatment on their surface. This work presents an approach to produce copper microcircuitry on 3D substrates from these materials by using direct laser writing at low power (32 mW CW diode laser).

Navigating multiple pandemics: A critical analysis of the impact of COVID-19 policy responses on gender-based violence services.

COVID-19 illustrated what governments can do to mobilise against a global threat. Despite the strong governmental response to COVID-19 in Canada, another 'pandemic', gender-based violence (GBV), has been causing grave harm with generally insufficient policy responses. Using interpretive description methodology, 26 interviews were conducted with shelter staff and 5 focus groups with 24 executive directors (EDs) from GBV service organizations in Ontario, Canada.

Lack of Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Early Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with large differences in the risk of recurrence. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is correlated with a poor prognosis in a variety of tumors, and although it is still controversial in breast cancer, there are multiple studies, including meta-analysis, suggesting this. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of preoperative NLR in an Argentine population of patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer, not exposed to neoadjuvant treatment.

A General Framework for Inferring Bayesian Ideal Observer Models from Psychophysical Data.

A central question in neuroscience is how sensory inputs are transformed into percepts. At this point, it is clear that this process is strongly influenced by prior knowledge of the sensory environment. Bayesian ideal observer models provide a useful link between data and theory that can help researchers evaluate how prior knowledge is represented and integrated with incoming sensory information.

A multi-omic analysis of MCF10A cells provides a resource for integrative assessment of ligand-mediated molecular and phenotypic responses.

The phenotype of a cell and its underlying molecular state is strongly influenced by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. While these signals are normally tightly controlled, their dysregulation leads to phenotypic and molecular states associated with diverse diseases. To develop a detailed understanding of the linkage between molecular and phenotypic changes, we generated a comprehensive dataset that catalogs the transcriptional, proteomic, epigenomic and phenotypic responses of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells after exposure to the ligands EGF, HGF, OSM, IFNG, TGFB and BMP2.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Staff in Violence Against Women Services.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been harmful to survivors of abuse. Less understood is the impact on staff in the violence against women (VAW) service sector. Using interpretive description methodology, we examined staff experiences during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada, and found four core themes: (1) the emotional toll of the work; (2) remote (doesn't) work; (3) work restructuring; (4) efforts to stay well and subthemes nuancing staff experiences in a sector vulnerable to vicarious trauma.

Racial Disparities in Endoscopy Cancellations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted healthcare delivery including elective endoscopy. We aimed to determine the prevalence of endoscopy cancellations in the COVID-19 era and identify patient characteristics associated with cancellation due to the pandemic.

Methods: Medical charts were reviewed for adults who cancelled an outpatient endoscopic procedure from 5/2020 to 8/2020.

"We're so limited with what we actually can do if we follow all the rules": a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 public health protocols on violence against women services.

Background: Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health problem that grew worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all services were impacted by changing pandemic guidance, VAW shelters, as congregate settings with multiple funders and regulators, faced unique challenges.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 26 women's shelter staff and eight women accessing care, as well as 10 focus groups (five each at two time points approximately a year apart) involving 24 leaders from VAW and related services in Ontario, Canada.

Perceptual Adaptation to Continuous Versus Intermittent Exposure to Spatial Distortions.

Purpose: To examine perceptual adaptation when people wear spectacles that produce unequal retinal image magnification.

Methods: Two groups of 15 participants (10 male; mean age 25.6 ± 4.

Experiences of Women Accessing Violence Against Women Outreach Services in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Brief Report.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on violence against women (VAW), including increased prevalence and severity, and on VAW service delivery. The purpose of this research was to study women's experiences with VAW services in the first stages of the pandemic and describe their fears and concerns. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May through October 2020.

Diversity and Facing Discrimination in Family Medicine Residencies: A CERA Survey of Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: Increasing the number of underrepresented minorities in medicine (URM) has the potential to improve access and quality of care and reduce health inequities for diverse populations. Having a diverse workforce in residency programs necessitates structures in place for support, training, and addressing racism and discrimination. This study examines reports of discrimination and training initiatives to increase diversity and address discrimination and unconscious bias in family medicine residency programs nationally.

Practice-Changing Use of the 21-Gene Test for the Management of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer in Latin America.

Purpose: We present a physician survey of the impact of 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score test results on treatment decisions in clinical practice in Latin America.

Methods: This prospective survey enrolled consecutive patients at 14 sites in Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru who had routine 21-gene testing. Physician surveys captured patient and tumor characteristics and treatment decisions before and after 21-gene test results.

Continuous Monitoring Using a Wearable Device Detects Activity-Induced Heart Rate Changes After Administration of Amphetamine.

Wearable digital devices offer potential advantages over traditional methods for the collection of health-related information, including continuous collection of dense data while study subjects are ambulatory or in remote settings. We assessed the utility of collecting continuous actigraphy and cardiac monitoring by deploying two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k)-cleared devices in a phase I clinical trial of a novel compound, which included the use of an amphetamine challenge. The Phillips Actiwatch Spectrum Pro (Actiwatch) was used to assess mobility and sleep.