Deviation between the Structural Chemistry of Barium and Radium Halides: Synthesis and Characterization of RaX·HO and RaX·2HO (X = Cl and Br).

To develop the structural chemistry of radium, the halide compounds RaX·HO and RaX·2HO (X = Cl and Br) have been synthesized and characterized and serve as benchmarks for comparisons with more complex compounds in the future. In contrast with historic reports on the structural chemistry of radium, the Ra chlorides differ from their Ba analogues. For MCl·HO (M = Ba, Ra), the variance between the metal coordination environments manifests as a small, local distortion that becomes more apparent in the extended structure.

Nuclear Medicine Cerebral Perfusion Studies as an Ancillary Test to Support Evaluation of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria: Single-Center Experience in Infants, 2005-2022.

Objective: To describe the use of nuclear medicine cerebral perfusion studies as an ancillary test for brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) in infants aged under 1 year.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Single-center, quaternary, academic children's hospital in the United States.

The impact of maturation sutures on false passage formation in pediatric tracheostomy.

Introduction: False passage (FP) after tracheostomy is an infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication. The practice of tracheal stomal maturation at the time of tracheostomy is variable amongst surgeons in pediatric patients, and it remains unknown whether or not maturation sutures decrease the risk of FP. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of maturation sutures on the incidence of FP after pediatric tracheostomy.

Pediatric Esophageal Button Battery Protocol Reduces Time From Presentation to Removal.

Objective: Evaluate implementation of an institutional protocol to reduce the time to removal of esophageal button battery (BB) and increase use of mitigation strategies.

Methods: We developed a protocol for esophageal BB management [Zakai's Protocol (ZP)]. All cases of esophageal BB impaction managed at a tertiary care center before and after implementation from 2011 to 2023 were reviewed.

Volatile gas scavenging in the paediatric intensive care unit: Occupational health and safety assessment.

Introduction: The use of volatile anesthetic agents in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is experiencing increased interest since the availability of the miniature vapourizing device. However, the effectiveness of scavenging systems in the presence of humidifiers in the ventilator circuit is unknown.

Approach Methods: We performed a bench study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Deltasorb® scavenging system in the presence of isoflurane and active humidity by simulating both infant and child ventilator test settings.

Public knowledge of button battery ingestions: A social media based cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: Button battery (BB) ingestion injuries are a devastating and preventable event within the pediatric population. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of esophageal button battery ingestion injuries include primary preventative measures. It is integral to assess the public's baseline knowledge about BB injuries to tailor future primary prevention efforts.

Inhaled Volatiles for Status Asthmaticus, Epilepsy, and Difficult Sedation in Adult ICU and PICU: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Inhaled volatile anesthetics support management of status asthmaticus (SA), status epilepticus (SE), and difficult sedation (DS). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of using inhaled anesthetics for SA, SE, and DS in adult ICU and PICU patients.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase.

Percutaneous tracheostomy in the pediatric population: A systematic review.

Objective: Percutaneous tracheostomy is routinely performed in adult patients but is seldomly used in the pediatric population due to concerns regarding safety and limited available evidence. This study aims to consolidate the current literature on percutaneous tracheostomy in the pediatric population.

Methods: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted.

Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children with cerebral palsy: Risks and benefits.

Objectives: To determine outcomes following adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the impact of motor and swallowing impairment on respiratory complications in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).

Methods: A retrospective review of children with CP and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) who underwent adenotonsillectomy (2003-2021) was performed. Children with CP were age-matched to children without CP.

The care of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in Ontario pediatric intensive care units.

Purpose: To describe and review the experience of two pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Ontario, Canada, adapting and providing care to critically ill adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Clinical Features: At a time of extreme pressure to adult intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, two PICUs provided care to critically ill adults with COVID-19 pneumonia. Substantial yet rapid planning was required to facilitate safe delivery of critical care to adult patients while maintaining PICU services, including thoughtful development of care pathways and patient selection.

Ancillary investigations for death determination in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of ancillary investigations for declaration of death by neurologic criteria (DNC) in infants and children.

Source: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from their inception to June 2021 for relevant randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and abstracts published in the last three years. We identified relevant studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis methodology and a two-stage review.

Ancillary radionuclide perfusion studies in the determination of death by neurologic criteria: methods, interpretation, and lexicon-a user guide for the clinician.

Radionuclide perfusion studies have an established ancillary role in determination of death by neurologic criteria (DNC). While critically important, these examinations are not well understood by individuals outside of the imaging specialties. The purpose of this review is to clarify relevant concepts and nomenclature and provide a lexicon of relevant terminology of value to non-nuclear medicine practitioners who wish to better understand these examinations.

A brain-based definition of death and criteria for its determination after arrest of circulation or neurologic function in Canada: a 2023 clinical practice guideline.

This 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline provides the biomedical definition of death based on permanent cessation of brain function that applies to all persons, as well as recommendations for death determination by circulatory criteria for potential organ donors and death determination by neurologic criteria for all mechanically ventilated patients regardless of organ donation potential. This Guideline is endorsed by the Canadian Critical Care Society, the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (representing the Canadian Neurological Society, Canadian Neurosurgical Society, Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists, Canadian Association of Child Neurology, Canadian Society of Neuroradiology, and Canadian Stroke Consortium), Canadian Blood Services, the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians, the Nurse Practitioners Association of Canada, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Critical Care Society.

Intra-colony venom diversity contributes to maintaining eusociality in a cooperatively breeding ant.

Background: Eusociality is widely considered to evolve through kin selection, where the reproductive success of an individual's close relative is favored at the expense of its own. High genetic relatedness is thus considered a prerequisite for eusociality. While ants are textbook examples of eusocial animals, not all ants form colonies of closely related individuals.

Vascular Complications in Children Following Button Battery Ingestions: A Systematic Review.

Context: Children presenting to health care facilities with button battery (BB) impaction.

Objectives: To describe characteristics of children with vascular complications after BB impaction, as well as associated outcomes.

Data Sources: National Capital Poison Center registry and PubMed database from inception to December 2021.

Airway Complications Resulting From Pediatric Esophageal Button Battery Impaction: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Button batteries (BBs) are commonly found in many household items and present a risk of severe injury to children if ingested. The direct apposition of the trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerves with the esophagus puts children at risk of airway injury secondary to the liquefactive necrotic effects of BB impactions.

Objective: To review airway injuries, including long-term sequelae, after BB ingestion in children.

Button battery taping prevents oesophageal injury.

Aim: Most button battery (BB) ingestions in children are unwitnessed leading to prolonged exposures and severe complications. One third of ingestions occur from free BB, that are stored or awaiting disposal. Recommendations have been made to cover the terminals of discarded BB with adhesive tape; however, it is unclear if this practice prevents injury.

Identifying and Treating Severe Bone Marrow Necrosis and Fat Embolism Syndrome in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report.

Fat embolism syndrome after bone marrow necrosis is an extremely rare complication in sickle cell disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. This case report will assist pediatric clinicians and hematologists to recognize this severe complication in patients with sickle cell disease and to promptly initiate treatment.

Hydrogen peroxide signaling via its transformation to a stereospecific alkyl hydroperoxide that escapes reductive inactivation.

During systemic inflammation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) becomes expressed in endothelial cells where it uses hydrogen peroxide (HO) to oxidize L-tryptophan to the tricyclic hydroperoxide, cis-WOOH, that then relaxes arteries via oxidation of protein kinase G 1α. Here we show that arterial glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins that rapidly eliminate HO, have little impact on relaxation of IDO1-expressing arteries, and that purified IDO1 forms cis-WOOH in the presence of peroxiredoxin 2. cis-WOOH oxidizes protein thiols in a selective and stereospecific manner.

Blood-based traumatic brain injury biomarkers - Clinical utilities and regulatory pathways in the United States, Europe and Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, resulting in debilitating consequences to families, communities, and health-care systems. Prior research has found that biomarkers aid in the pathophysiological characterization and diagnosis of TBI. Significantly, the FDA has recently cleared both a bench-top assay and a rapid point-of-care assays of tandem biomarker (UCH-L1/GFAP)-based blood test to aid in the diagnosis mTBI patients.

Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical analysis of a plutonyl phosphine oxide complex.

The interplay of bond strength and covalency are examined in AnOCl(OPcy) (An = Pu, U) complexes. The synthesis of -PuOCl(OPcy), 1-Pu, has been carried out and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction along with UV-vis-NIR, and P NMR spectroscopies. Theoretical analysis finds that despite a higher calculated covalency for the Pu-Cl interaction, the Pu-OPcy interaction is stronger due to the accumulation of electron density in the interatomic region.

Risks and Benefits of Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review.

Objectives/hypothesis: Assess the risks and benefits of adenotonsillectomy (AT) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Study Design: Systematic review.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Registry from 1946 to 2021.

Probing a variation of the inverse-trans-influence in americium and lanthanide tribromide tris(tricyclohexylphosphine oxide) complexes.

The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical analysis of meridional americium tribromide tris(tricyclohexylphosphine oxide), , has been achieved and is compared with its early lanthanide (La to Nd) analogs. The data show that homo ligands display significantly shorter bonds than the or hetero ligands. This is particularly pronounced in the americium compound.