Autonomous underwater glider observations in southern Lake Ontario and Niagara River plume.

The nearshore areas of the Laurentian Great Lakes provide valuable ecosystem services including habitat for a variety of species and water for surrounding communities. Recent declines in nearshore water quality have increased the need for understanding the connectivity between nearshore and offshore areas; however, observing water quality variability across the dynamic nearshore to offshore transition zone poses logistical challenges for traditional observing systems. Here we evaluate cross-shore and along-shore water quality gradients using observations from two three-week deployments of a Slocum autonomous glider in southern Lake Ontario.

Information Literacy in Food and Activity Tracking Among Parkrunners, People With Type 2 Diabetes, and People With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Exploratory Study.

Background: The tracking, or logging, of food intake and physical activity is increasing among people, and as a result there is increasing evidence of a link to improvement in health and well-being. Crucial to the effective and safe use of logging is a user's information literacy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze food and activity tracking from an information literacy perspective.

The wind-driven formation of cross-shelf sediment plumes in a large lake.

Wind-driven turbidity plumes frequently occur in the western arm of Lake Superior and may represent a significant cross shelf transport mechanism for sediment, nutrient and biota. Here we characterize a plume that formed in late April 2016 using observations from in situ sensors and remote sensing imagery, and estimate the volume of cross shelf transport using both the observations and an idealized analytical model of plume formation. The steady-state, barotropic model is used to determine a relationship between the intensity and duration of a wind event and the volume of water transported from nearshore to offshore during the event.

Tale of Two Storms: Impact of Extreme Rain Events on the Biogeochemistry of Lake Superior.

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect the Great Lakes region of North America. An increase in intensity and frequency of rain events is anticipated to deliver more runoff and to increase riverine inputs to Lake Superior's ecosystem. The effects of these changes on key biogeochemical parameters were analyzed by coupling satellite data, water column sensor profiles, and discrete surface-water sampling after two "500-year" flood events in the Lake Superior basin.

Saxitoxin Exposure Confirmed by Human Urine and Food Analysis.

A case of an elderly female with suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is presented. The patient shared a meal of recreationally-harvested shellfish with her family and soon began to experience nausea and weakness. She was taken to the local emergency department and then transported to a larger hospital in Anchorage where she was admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory depression and shock.

Modeling nearshore-offshore exchange in Lake Superior.

Lake Superior's ecosystem includes distinct nearshore and offshore food webs linked by hydrodynamic processes that transport water and tracers along and across shore. The scales over which these processes occur and their sensitivity to increasing summer surface temperatures are not well understood. This study investigated horizontal mixing between nearshore and offshore areas of Lake Superior over the 10-year period from 2003 to 2012 using a realistically forced three-dimensional numerical model and virtual tracers.

HLA associated type 1 diabetes risk in children of Pakistani migrants to Norway.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from poorly defined interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors. The objective was to investigate Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) associated T1D risk among Pakistani newborns in Norway based on what published globally. DNA samples from 189 newborns, whose parents were first generation migrants from Pakistan, were analyzed.

Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996-2005.

Background: Little aetiological epidemiological research has been undertaken for major cancers occurring in teenagers and young adults (TYA). Population mixing, as a possible proxy for infectious exposure, has been well researched for childhood malignancies. We aimed to investigate effects of population mixing in this older age group using an English national cancer dataset.

Updated investigations of cancer excesses in individuals born or resident in the vicinity of Sellafield and Dounreay.

Background: Earlier studies have shown raised risks of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children, teenagers and young adults resident either at birth or diagnosis in Seascale. Some increases in cancer risk in these age groups have also been noted among those living around Dounreay. We aimed to update previous analyses relating to areas close to these nuclear installations by considering data from an additional 16 years of follow-up.

Patterns of diagnoses among children and young adults with life-limiting conditions: A secondary analysis of a national dataset.

Background: Numbers of children and young people with life-limiting conditions are rising, and increasing lifespans require young adults with life-limiting condition to transit to appropriate adult services.

Aim: To describe the prevalence of life-limiting condition in children and young adults by age, sex, diagnostic group, ethnicity and deprivation.

Design: A secondary analysis of the English Hospital Episode Statistics dataset was undertaken to calculate prevalence per 10,000 population.

Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0-49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980-2005.

Background: Artificial fluoridation of drinking water to improve dental health has long been a topic of controversy. Opponents of this public health measure have cited the possibility of bone cancer induction. The study objective was to examine whether increased risk of primary bone cancer was associated with living in areas with higher concentrations of fluoride in drinking water.

UK case control study of brain tumours in children, teenagers and young adults: a pilot study.

Background: Tumours of the central nervous system are the second most common group of childhood cancers in 0-14 year olds (24% of total cancers) and represent a major diagnostic group in 15-24 year olds. The pilot case-control study aimed to establish methodologies for a future comprehensive aetiological investigation among children and young adults.

Methods: Eligible cases were newly diagnosed with an intracranial tumour of neuroepithelial tissue aged 0-24 years.

Serum amyloid A as an indicator of health status in falcons.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is used as an indicator of health status in many species. To investigate the possible use of SAA as a health indicator in falcons, SAA levels were measured in 259 falcons of varying species and health status. A significant increase (P < .

Risk factors for congenital anomaly in a multiethnic birth cohort: an analysis of the Born in Bradford study.

Background: Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant death and disability and their incidence varies between ethnic groups in the UK. Rates of infant death are highest in children of Pakistani origin, and congenital anomalies are the most common cause of death in children younger than 12 in this ethnic group. We investigated the incidence of congenital anomalies in a large multiethnic birth cohort to identify the causes of the excess of congenital anomalies in this community.

Smoking addiction and the risk of upper-aerodigestive-tract cancer in a multicenter case-control study.

Although previous studies on tobacco and alcohol and the risk of upper-aerodigestive-tract (UADT) cancers have clearly shown dose-response relations with the frequency and duration of tobacco and alcohol, studies on addiction to tobacco smoking itself as a risk factor for UADT cancer have not been published, to our knowledge. The aim of this report is to assess whether smoking addiction is an independent risk factor or a refinement to smoking variables (intensity and duration) for UADT squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk in the multicenter case-control study (ARCAGE) in Western Europe. The analyses included 1,586 ever smoking UADT SCC cases and 1,260 ever smoking controls.

Effects of out-of-hours and winter admissions and number of patients per unit on mortality in pediatric intensive care.

Objective: To investigate the effect of out-of-hours and winter admissions, and unit size on risk adjusted mortality in pediatric intensive care.

Study Design: A national pediatric intensive care clinical audit provided data on over 86000 admissions to 29 pediatric intensive care units (2006-2011). Multivariate logistic regression modeled risk adjusted mortality prior to discharge with out-of-hours (night, weekend, public holiday) admissions, admissions per unit, winter admission, and potential confounders, overall and separately for emergency and planned admissions.

UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than white British infants: findings from 8704 mother-offspring pairs in the Born-in-Bradford prospective birth cohort.

Background: Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the explanatory factors, including parental and grandparental birthplace.

Does referral to specialist paediatric palliative care services reduce hospital admissions in oncology patients at the end of life?

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of childhood cancer, some children continue to die from their disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of specialist paediatric palliative care services (SPPCSs) on the number of hospital admissions in children who subsequently died from cancer in Yorkshire, UK.

Methods: An extract of patients aged 0-19 years from the Yorkshire Specialist Register of Cancer in Children and Young People (YSRCCYP) diagnosed from 1990 to 2009 were linked to inpatient hospital episodes data and a SPPCS database.

Support for a fluid-continuum model of sexual orientation: a large-scale Internet study.

In a study with 17,785 subjects obtained over the Internet from the United States and 47 other countries, Kinsey's hypothesis that sexual orientation lies on a continuum was supported. Self-identifications of subjects as gay, straight, bisexual, and other corresponded to broad, skewed distributions, suggesting that such terms are misleading for many people. Sexual orientation range-roughly, how much flexibility someone has in expressing sexual orientation-was also measured.

Small-area analyses of bone cancer diagnosed in Great Britain provide clues to aetiology.

Background: The aetiology of bone cancers is poorly understood. This study examined geographical patterning in incidence of primary bone cancers diagnosed in 0-49 year olds in Great Britain during 1980-2005 to provide information on factors linked with disease development. We investigated putative associations with deprivation and population density.

Risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer and type of alcoholic beverage: a European multicenter case-control study.

The general relationship between cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and alcohol drinking is established. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether different types of alcoholic beverages (wine, beer and liquor) carry different UADT cancer risks. Our study included 2,001 UADT cancer cases and 2,125 controls from 14 centres in 10 European countries.

Rising national prevalence of life-limiting conditions in children in England.

Background: Life-limiting conditions (LLCs) describe diseases with no reasonable hope of cure that will ultimately be fatal. For children with these diseases, palliative care services should be available but few data are available to estimate the burden of these conditions.

Methods: Children (0-19 years) with LLCs were identified within an English Hospital Episode Statistics dataset (2000/2001-2009/2010) by applying a customized coding framework of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, disease codes.