Comparison of four quick and reliable methods of assessing body fat appropriate for clinical settings among young, middle-age, and older healthy male and female adults.

[Purpose] Compare four quick (approximately 60 s), reliable methods of assessing %body-fat (%BF) among young (Y, 18-34 years), middle-age (M, 35-59 years), and older (O, 60-88 years) healthy-adults. [Participants and Methods] One-hundred-eighty healthy males-and-females were equally (n=30) divided into Y, M, and O age groups to assess %BF. The %BF methods were: 1) Bioelectrical-impedance-Inbody770 (IB)-criterion reference; 2) Body-mass-index (BMI); 3) Abdominal-and-hip circumferences (CIR); and 4) Skinfold (SF).

Kinetic and Kinematic Assessment of an Individual Post-Stroke with Stiff-Knee Gait Using Various Orthotic Devices: A Case Study.

It is important for individuals who have suffered a stroke to be able to experience a weight-bearing aerobic workout, if able. For individuals post-stroke who experience genu recurvatum during gait, care should be taken to minimize abnormal forces on the posterior and internal structures of the involved knee. The purpose of this case study was to assess the biomechanics of the involved knee during the stance phase of gait of an individual who, post-stroke, walked with a stiff-knee gait in 9 different orthotic conditions.

Access to primary care child weight management programs: Urban parent barriers and facilitators to participation.

The prevalence and comorbidities of childhood obesity among low-income urban children are a significant health issue in the United States. Programs designed to assist families are underutilized. The aim of this study is to describe barriers and facilitators relevant to intervention program participation from the perspective of parents who have children who are overweight or obese.

Mobility and gait outcomes following intensive rehabilitation, onabotulinumtoxin A, and baclofen treatment chronic post-stroke: a case report.

PURPOSE. This case report describes the effects of intensive rehabilitation with systemic antispasticity and local neurotoxin pharmacological interventions on gait and activity outcomes for a patient with chronic impairments post-stroke. CASE DESCRIPTION.

Valacyclovir and topical clobetasol gel for the episodic treatment of herpes labialis: a patient-initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

Background: Treatment of herpes simplex labialis (HSL) has been associated with modest benefits. This difficulty results from the rapid resolution of the disease accomplished by the immune system, which narrows the window of therapeutic opportunity. The immune response is also responsible for important clinical manifestations, including oedema and pain.

Comparison of new topical treatments for herpes labialis: efficacy of penciclovir cream, acyclovir cream, and n-docosanol cream against experimental cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.

Background: There are 3 new topical treatments for herpes labialis that have either been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (penciclovir cream [Denavir] and n-docosanol cream [Abreva]) or recently undergone extensive clinical evaluation (acyclovir cream). The relative efficacy of these products is unknown.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of penciclovir cream, acyclovir cream, n-docosanol cream, and acyclovir ointment in an experimental animal model of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) disease.

Combination treatment with famciclovir and a topical corticosteroid gel versus famciclovir alone for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis: a pilot study.

To investigate the efficacy of corticosteroids for the treatment of herpes labialis, we compared famciclovir (Famvir, 500 mg 3x/day po [per os] for 5 days) and topical fluocinonide (0.05% Lidex Gel 3x/day for 5 days) with famciclovir and topical vehicle control for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpetic recurrences. We irradiated 49 volunteers, and 29 (60%) of 48 developed signs or symptoms of a recurrence.

Susceptibility to herpes labialis following multiple experimental exposures to ultraviolet radiation.

We studied susceptibility to herpes labialis by exposing 20 volunteers to experimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on three occasions at 3- to 4-month intervals. The number of patients who developed lesions after each session was 9/20 (45%), 9/20 (45%) and 14/20 (70%). Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was isolated from 21/29 (72%) of lesions sampled.

Th1/Th2-like immunity and resistance to herpes simplex labialis.

To investigate potential immunologic mechanisms of resistance to recurrent herpes simplex labialis, we assayed serum antibody titers and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytokine production among patients with a history of frequent episodes (H+S+), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-seropositive individuals without a history of herpes labialis (H-S+) and HSV-seronegative persons (H-S-). In addition, H+S+ patients were exposed to experimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the lips and the immunologic assay results compared among those who developed experimental lesions and those who did not. H+S+ patients were found to have higher median serum titers of HSV antibody and trends to lower levels of HSV-specific PBMC IFN-gamma and IL-2 than H-S+ control patients (123 vs 66, P = 0.

Correlation between detection of herpes simplex virus in oral secretions by PCR and susceptibility to experimental UV radiation-induced herpes labialis.

We examined the oral secretions of 25 patients for herpes simplex virus (HSV) at the time of and following experimental UV radiation (UVR). HSV was detected in one or more oral secretion specimens in 5 of 12 (42%) cases by cell culture and in 8 of 12 (67%) cases by PCR. On the day of UVR, HSV was detected in 1 of 12 (8%) patients who developed a lip lesion and 2 of 16 (13%) patients who did not (the difference is not significant).

Treatment of acyclovir-unresponsive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection with topically applied SP-303.

The naturally occurring polyphenolic biopolymer SP-303 has in vitro activity against both HSV-1 and HSV-2, including strains that are resistant to acyclovir. Nine AIDS patients with acyclovir-unresponsive mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection were treated with thrice daily topical SP-303T ointment in an open-label pilot study. Although a transient decrease in lesion size was observed in 4 patients during study drug therapy, and 3 patients sustained a quantitative decrease in virus burden, neither complete healing nor cessation of virus shedding occurred in any patient.

The natural history of ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis and response to therapy with peroral and topical formulations of acyclovir.

The lips of 196 patients with a history of sun-induced herpes labialis were exposed to experimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and treated with acyclovir (ACV) or placebo at different times and by different routes. Of 98 placebo recipients, 39 (40%) developed 43 lesions inside or within 10 mm of the irradiated zone. The temporal distribution of lesions was bimodal.

Early application of topical 15% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide shortens the course of herpes simplex labialis: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial.

In a double-blind, randomized, patient-initiated treatment study at five medical centers, 301 immunocompetent patients experiencing a recurrence of herpes labialis were treated with topical 15% idoxuridine (IDU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 80% DMSO control solution, or 2% DMSO control solution. IDU did not prevent the development of lesions but significantly accelerated lesion resolution in comparison with the combined control groups. For the total population, the mean duration of pain was reduced by 1.

Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis with oral acyclovir.

In a double-blind, randomized, patient-initiated clinical trial, 174 nonimmunocompromised patients with a history of virus-culture-confirmed herpes simplex labialis were treated with acyclovir capsules, 400 mg five times daily for 5 days, or placebo capsules. For 97% of the patients, treatment started within 1 h of the first sign or symptom of a recurrence. The frequency of positive lesion virus cultures was significantly lower among acyclovir-treated subjects (29/114, 25%) than among placebo-treated subjects (29/60, 48%; P = .

Radiographic measurements of intervertebral foramina of cervical vertebra in forward and normal head posture.

Forward head posture has long since been associated with a number of clinical problems treated by the fields of physical therapy and dentistry. The consistent and longstanding difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions has been a lack of a clear understanding of the anatomical and biomechanical conditions that underly forward head posture. It has been reported that there is a narrowing of the cervical interspaces in forward head posture with the greatest change being between C4-5 and C5-6.

Evaluation of antiviral treatments for recurrent herpes simplex labialis in the dorsal cutaneous guinea pig model.

Recurrent herpes simplex labialis has proved to be a difficult disease to treat. Despite 25 years of clinical research with established antiviral substances, only small benefits from experimental therapies have been demonstrated. Progress has been slow, in part, because of the time-consuming nature of large, patient-initiated clinical trials.

Measurement of the stratum corneum drug reservoir to predict the therapeutic efficacy of topical iododeoxyuridine for herpes simplex virus infection.

A rapid, in vivo measurement of the penetration of antiviral compounds into the skin would improve our ability to predict the therapeutic efficacy of topical treatments for herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. We have studied the concentration of iododeoxyuridine (IDU) in the stratum corneum of guinea pig skin by tape stripping at different time points after single and multiple topical doses of the drug. These results were correlated with the efficacy of topical IDU against an experimental cutaneous HSV infection.

Recombinant human interferon-alpha A treatment of an experimental cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of guinea pigs.

Recombinant human interferon-alpha A (rIFN-alpha A) was evaluated for therapeutic efficacy against an experimental dorsal cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of guinea pigs. Human IFN has activity in this species. Animals were treated either systemically (i.

Effect of azone and propylene glycol on penetration of trifluorothymidine through skin and efficacy of different topical formulations against cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in guinea pigs.

Tropical formulations of 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (TFT) containing different concentrations of TFT, Azone (Nelson Research and Development, Irvine, Calif.), and propylene glycol were evaluated for their potential efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections by in vitro studies of TFT penetration through skin and in vivo studies of therapeutic activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in the dorsal cutaneous guinea pig model. Azone dramatically increased TFT penetration through human and guinea pig skin.

Penetration of guinea pig skin by acyclovir in different vehicles and correlation with the efficacy of topical therapy of experimental cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection.

Inadequate penetration of antiviral agents through the stratum corneum of the skin may be one of the limiting factors in the topical therapy of recurrent cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in humans. In vitro studies of the penetration of the nucleoside analog acyclovir (ACV) through guinea pig skin demonstrated a marked increase in drug flux when ACV was formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), compared with water or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the vehicle. To examine whether the increased transcutaneous flux of ACV effected by DMSO was meaningful in vivo, topical 5% ACV in DMSO was evaluated for the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs and compared with topical 5% ACV in PEG.

Development of a nutritional care plan for diabetic patients.

A nutritional care plan, encompassing all aspects of nutritional assessment, education, and follow-up was designed and implemented at the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The care plan was developed in response to the results of an audit on nutritional care of diabetic patients. It was designed to assure referral of all diabetic patients to clinical dietitians, set standards for care and its documentation, provide a teaching tool, and enhance communication between inpatient and outpatient nutrition services.

Trends in adolescent psychopathology.

Clinicians are reluctant to diagnose severe mental disturbances in adolescents. The psychoanalytic literature on adolescent turmoil has de-emphasized the phenomenology of the clinical picture leading to diagnostic difficulties. Several studies have shown that symptomatic adolescents for the most part continue to demonstrate disturbances in adulthood.

Adolescents in a general hospital psychiatric unit.

The population of 42 adolescents admitted to the Sunnybrook Adolescent Unit in 1977 is described and compared with other populations of general hospital units previously presented in the literature, in order to derive implications for patient selection, treatment techniques and outcome. Analysis of historical, family, and mental status variables provided a cluster of factors leading to successful or unsuccessful treatment in the hospital. Three global types of patients emerged, based on diagnostic groups who have different treatment experiences in hospital, and who require three distinctly different types of treatment programs.