Understanding barriers and facilitators to non-pharmaceutical chronic pain research engagement among people living with chronic pain in the UK: a two-phase mixed-methods approach.

Objectives: Chronic pain treatment engagement is dominated by pharmaceutical methods, while previous research has assessed barriers to uptake of non-pharmaceutical treatments, there has not been research one step earlier in the treatment development pipeline; assessing barriers to take part in research that develops non-pharmaceutical chronic pain treatment methods.

Design: A two-phase approach was used to assess barriers and facilitators to research participation for people living with chronic pain. Online focus groups were run in phase 1, generating qualitative data, while phase 2 used the themes identified within phase 1 to assess agreement and disagreement.

Functional communication disorders: a systematic review of interventions to improve outcomes in adults.

Purpose: To determine what evidence there is for the effectiveness/efficacy of interventions to improve outcomes in adults with Functional Communication Disorders (FCDs).

Materials And Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched two platforms. The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.

Bias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.

Structural variant allelic heterogeneity in MECP2 duplication syndrome provides insight into clinical severity and variability of disease expression.

Background: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints < 5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.

App for independence: A feasibility randomized controlled trial of a digital health tool for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Background: Given the widespread adoption of smartphone technologies, digital health strategies to address schizophrenia spectrum disorders hold considerable promise. However, there are relatively few trials of digital health interventions for schizophrenia. The App for Independence (A4i) is a multi-function digital platform co-designed by people with schizophrenia, their families, and service providers.

Development of a straightforward direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of plastic additive chemicals in roadside retention ponds.

There is growing interest in road pollution that enters surface waters. Additive chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, including tyre rubber, are mobile pollutants that pose a threat to aquatic life. Therefore, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to measure 25 plastic additive chemicals in road runoff and water of retention ponds used to manage road runoff.

Spinal motor evoked responses elicited by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in chronic stroke: Correlation between spinal cord excitability, demographic characteristics, and functional outcomes.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is becoming a promising neuromodulation technique to promote motor recovery in various neurological conditions, including stroke. As this intervention moves forward into clinical practice, it is important to understand how the elicited neurophysiological measures are related to the functional and neuromuscular deficits of the population of interest in order to personalize tSCS interventions and assess its effectiveness. Specifically, neurophysiological measurements of spinal cord excitability can be achieved by recording with EMG spinal motor evoked responses (sMERs) in muscles after applying single pulses of tSCS to the spinal cord.

Trait-level predictors of human performance outcomes in personnel engaged in stressful laboratory and field tasks.

Introduction: Personnel performance under stress hinges on various factors, including individual traits, training, context, mental and physiological states, and task demands. This study explored the link between the traits of military personnel and their performance outcomes in five domains: move, shoot, communicate, navigate, and sustain.

Methods: A total of 387 U.

An exploration of UK speech and language therapists' treatment and management of functional communication disorders: A mixed-methods online survey.

Background: Functional Communication Disorders (FCDs) are one specific presentation of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND). FND is characterised by neurological symptoms, such as sensory and motor symptoms, which are not explained by neurological disease. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) have expertise in managing communication disorders, including FCDs, though is not known is what clinicians do in practice to treat and manage FCDs.

Orthopedic pelvic and extremity injuries increase overall hospital length of stay but not in-hospital complications or mortality in trauma ICU patients: Orthopedic Injuries in Trauma ICU Patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the ICU length of stay (LOS), overall hospital LOS, in-hospital complications, and mortality rate between trauma ICU patients with orthopedic injuries versus those without.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in which the trauma registry of a single level 1 trauma center was queried over a 6-year period for patients admitted to the ICU during hospitalization. Patients were stratified based on the presence/absence of an orthopedic fracture.

Correlates of low resilience and physical and mental well-being among black youths in Canada.

Background: Resilience has gained considerable attention in the mental health field as a protective factor that enables individuals to overcome mental health issues and achieve positive outcomes. A better understanding of resilience among Black youth is important for supporting the strengths and capacities within this population. This study seeks to investigate the correlates of resilience among Black youths in Canada.

A comparison of the characteristics of accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths in Canada across life stages, 2016-2017.

The acute toxicity (sometimes called "overdose" or "poisoning") crisis has affected Canadians across all stages of life, including youth, adults and older adults. Our biological risks and exposures to substances change as we age. Based on a national chart review study of coroner and medical examiner data on acute toxicity deaths in 2016 and 2017, this analysis compares the burden of deaths and circumstances of death, locations of acute toxicity event and death, health history and substances contributing to death of people, by sex and life stage.

The characteristics of users of an online screening tool for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and of those being screened.

Screening tools can help with the identification of intellectual disability, but little is known about who uses them. This study analysed anonymous information from 2691 users of an evidence-based, online, intellectual disability screening questionnaire for children and adolescents (CAIDS-Q) to explore the characteristics of the users and of those being screened. The users were split almost equally between parents/family members (48.

Single-belt vs. split-belt treadmill symmetry training: is there a perfect choice for gait rehabilitation post-stroke?

Post-stroke gait asymmetry leads to inefficient gait and a higher fall risk, often causing limited home and community ambulation. Two types of treadmills are typically used for training focused on symmetry: split-belt and single belt treadmills, but there is no consensus on which treadmill is superior to improve gait symmetry in individuals with stroke. To comprehensively determine which intervention is superior, we considered multiple spatial and temporal gait parameters (step length, stride time, swing time, and stance time) and their symmetries.

Combining Neuromodulation Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury Gait Rehabilitation: A Proof of Concept, Randomized, Crossover Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate if acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) coupled with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) enhances task-specific training and leads to superior and more sustained gait improvements as compared with each of these strategies used in isolation in persons with chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury.

Design: Proof of concept, randomized crossover trial.

Setting: Outpatient, rehabilitation hospital.

One- and Two-year Multidisciplinary Follow-Up of MIS-C at a Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although 6-month follow-up of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was reassuring, there is scant data on long-term sequelae, including whether changing variants affect clinical severity and outcomes.

Methods: Children (<18 years of age) admitted to Great Ormond Street Hospital between April 4, 2020, and January 2023, meeting diagnostic criteria for MIS-C were included. Admission and follow-up data were categorized by the predominant SARS-CoV-2 circulating variant in the United Kingdom.

Evaluation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screening Measures of Emergency Medical Services Clinicians in Urban and Suburban New York During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the self-reported rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians in urban and suburban settings that were one of the primary epicenters during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Anonymous surveys containing the PTSD Checklist-Specific (PCL-S) were sent electronically between November 2020 and April 2021 to EMS clinicians working in 2 EMS agencies. A threshold score ≥ 36 was considered a positive screen for PTSD symptomology; a score ≥ 44 was considered a presumptive PTSD diagnosis.

Continuing professional development training needs of allied health professionals in regional and rural Victoria.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify continuing professional development (CPD) needs of allied health professionals (AHP) in regional and rural Victoria.

Design: This study was an online cross-sectional design conducted between December 2022 and February 2023.

Settings And Participants: AHPs employed at a large multi-site regional public health service providing acute, subacute, community and outpatient care in Victoria, Australia.

A mixed methods analysis of existing assessment and evaluation tools (AETs) for mental health applications.

Introduction: Mental health Applications (MH Apps) can potentially improve access to high-quality mental health care. However, the recent rapid expansion of MH Apps has created growing concern regarding their safety and effectiveness, leading to the development of AETs (Assessment and Evaluation Tools) to help guide users. This article provides a critical, mixed methods analysis of existing AETs for MH Apps by reviewing the criteria used to evaluate MH Apps and assessing their effectiveness as evaluation tools.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the orbit in an infant.

We present the case of an infant with rapidly progressing orbital tumor that had initial radiological and clinical features of both rhabdomyosarcoma and capillary hemangioma. The patient was eventually diagnosed with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the orbit. We discuss the salient histological and radiological features of our case and review the literature on orbital malignant rhabdoid tumors.