Momentary Dynamics Implicate Emotional Features in the ADHD Phenotype.

Emotional dysregulation is increasingly recognized as important to the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotype alongside inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Studies of ADHD have relied primarily on trait-based conceptualizations that emphasize stability of symptoms across moderate developmental timescales (i.e.

The Relationship Between Emotion Dysregulation and Error Monitoring in Adolescents with ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is emblematic of the limitations of existing diagnostic categories. One potential solution, consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, is to interrogate psychological mechanisms at the behavioral and physiological level together to try and identify meaningful subgroups within existing categories. Such approaches provide a way to revise diagnostic boundaries and clarify individual variation in mechanisms.

Electroencephalogram aperiodic power spectral slope can be reliably measured and predicts ADHD risk in early development.

The aperiodic exponent of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum has received growing attention as a physiological marker of neurodevelopmental psychopathology, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its use as a marker of ADHD risk across development, and particularly in very young children, is limited by unknown reliability, difficulty in aligning canonical band-based measures across development periods, and unclear effects of treatment in later development. Here, we investigate the internal consistency of the aperiodic EEG power spectrum slope and its association with ADHD risk in both infants (n = 69, 1-month-old) and adolescents (n = 262, ages 11-17 years).

The relationship between alpha asymmetry and ADHD depends on negative affect level and parenting practices.

Atypical frontal alpha asymmetry is associated with the approach/withdrawal and affective processes implicated in many psychiatric disorders. Rightward alpha asymmetry, associated with high approach, is a putative endophenotype for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings are inconsistent, likely because of a failure to consider emotional heterogeneity within the ADHD population.