The effect of electronic cooling pads and Moringa oleifera supplementation from late gestation to weaning on sow production performance under heat stress conditions.

Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). HS decreases fertility, feed intake, milk production, and litter growth of sows. Approaches are needed to mitigate the negative effects of HS on animal welfare and oxidative damage to tissues.

Day Late, Dollar Short: Runts of Asynchronously Hatched Songbird Broods Have Reduced Survival, Body Size, and Persistent Energy Deficits.

Many songbirds begin active incubation after laying their penultimate egg, resulting in synchronous hatching of the clutch except for a last-hatched individual ("runt") that hatches with a size deficit and competitive disadvantage to siblings when begging for food. However, climate change may elevate temperatures and cause environmental incubation as eggs are laid, resulting in asynchronous hatching and larger size hierarchies among siblings. Although previous work demonstrated that asynchronous hatching reduces nestling growth and survival relative to synchrony, the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear.

Methane throughout the atmosphere of the warm exoplanet WASP-80b.

The abundances of main carbon- and oxygen-bearing gases in the atmospheres of giant exoplanets provide insights into atmospheric chemistry and planet formation processes. Thermochemistry suggests that methane (CH) should be the dominant carbon-bearing species below about 1,000 K over a range of plausible atmospheric compositions; this is the case for the solar system planets and has been confirmed in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and self-luminous, directly imaged exoplanets. However, CH has not yet been definitively detected with space-based spectroscopy in the atmosphere of a transiting exoplanet, but a few detections have been made with ground-based, high-resolution transit spectroscopy including a tentative detection for WASP-80b (ref.

Endogenous CO ice mixture on the surface of Europa and no detection of plume activity.

Jupiter's moon Europa has a subsurface ocean beneath an icy crust. Conditions within the ocean are unknown, and it is unclear whether it is connected to the surface. We observed Europa with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to search for active release of material by probing its surface and atmosphere.

Novel objects alter immediate early gene expression globally for ZENK and regionally for c-Fos in neophobic and non-neophobic house sparrows.

Neophobia - an animal's reluctance to approach novel objects, try new foods, or explore unfamiliar environments - affects whether animals can adapt to new environments and exploit novel resources. However, despite its importance, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this personality trait are poorly understood. In this study, we examined regional brain activity using the expression of two immediate early genes (IEGs), ZENK and c-Fos, in response to novel objects or control conditions in captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus, n = 22).

The geology and geophysics of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth.

The Cold Classical Kuiper Belt, a class of small bodies in undisturbed orbits beyond Neptune, is composed of primitive objects preserving information about Solar System formation. In January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew past one of these objects, the 36-kilometer-long contact binary (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU). Images from the flyby show that Arrokoth has no detectable rings, and no satellites (larger than 180 meters in diameter) within a radius of 8000 kilometers.

Report of Confirmation of the rs7853758 and rs885004 Haplotype in SLC28A3.

Aims: To validate a laboratory-developed test for the nucleoside transporter, SLC28A3, which has been associated with an increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods: We used Taqman allele discrimination to test for two variants of the SLC28A3 gene: rs7853758 (c.1381C>T) and rs885004 (c.

Rosiglitazone treatment increases nitric oxide production in human peripheral skin: a controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance have been strongly associated with reduced vascular reactivity in T2DM. We investigated the effect of the insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic agent rosiglitazone at a dose level of 8 mg/day on in vivo skin nitric oxide (NO) production and blood flow in the foot in a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover to open-label, single-blind study in patients with T2DM.

Dermal neurovascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To review evidence for a relationship between dermal neurovascular dysfunction and other components of the metabolic syndrome of type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We review and present data supporting concepts relating dermal neurovascular function to prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Skin blood flow can be easily measured by laser Doppler techniques.

Methods for evaluation of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction.

Measurement of skin blood flow is a sensitive marker of C-fiber neurovascular dysfunction. It precedes development of abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, correlates with in vivo indices of the metabolic syndrome, and may be a "benchmark" for future studies on agents to improve microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Skin blood flow can be measured under basal and stimulated conditions.

Small fiber neuropathy and neurovascular disturbances in diabetes mellitus.

Functional and organic abnormalities in small unmyelinated C fibers are the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. These may be silent clinically or present with burning feet, neurovascular abnormalities, wherein warm, cold, and heat pain thresholds are disturbed in association with impairment in skin blood flow and loss of PGP 9.5 immunostaining nerves in the skin.

A cGMP-dependent protein kinase is implicated in wild-type motility in C. elegans.

In mammals, cyclic GMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs) have been implicated in the regulation of many neuronal functions including long-term potentiation and long-term depression of synaptic efficacy. To develop Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system for studying the neuronal function of the cGKs, we cloned and characterized the cgk-1 gene. A combination of approaches showed that cgk-1 produces three transcripts, which differ in their first exon but are similar in length.

Hyperoxia inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.

It has previously been shown that hyperoxia induces nonapoptotic cell death in cultured lung epithelial cells, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and paraquat cause apoptosis. To test whether pathways leading to oxidative apoptosis in epithelial cells are sensitive to molecular O(2), A549 cells were exposed to 95% O(2) prior to exposure to lethal concentrations of H(2)O(2). The extent of H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced in cells preexposed to hyperoxia compared with room-air controls.

Primary nociceptive afferents mediate the blood flow dysfunction in non-glabrous (hairy) skin of type 2 diabetes: a new model for the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction.

Objective: To test the independent contributions of vascular endothelium, sympathetic activation and inhibition, vessel distensibility, and nociceptor-mediated vasodilation in both glabrous and hairy skin circulations.

Research Design And Methods: We measured blood flow using laser Doppler techniques in 10 people with type 2 diabetes and 10 age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects at the pulp of the index finger (glabrous skin) and the dorsum of the hand (hairy skin). A 5-min ischemic block of the arm was used to test vascular endothelium.

Impairment of peripheral blood flow responses in diabetes resembles an enhanced aging effect.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that skin blood flow responses in the fingertip of diabetic patients are impaired and to examine the role of aging in both healthy control subjects and diabetic patients.

Research Design And Methods: We measured cutaneous blood flow using laser Doppler techniques in 40 people with diabetes and in 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. To induce vasoconstriction, subjects were asked to perform three 1-min stressor tasks: mental arithmetic, contralateral hand grip, and immersion of the contralateral hand in ice water.

Impaired peripheral vasomotion in diabetes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that vasomotion, the rhythmic contraction exhibited by small arteries and arterioles, is impaired in diabetic subjects compared with healthy control subjects.

Research Design And Methods: We mathematically modeled the oscillations in laser Doppler microvascular measurements taken from the pulpar surface of the index finger in 20 healthy control subjects and 20 age-matched diabetic subjects (8 with type I and 12 with type II diabetes). The mean duration of diabetes was 17.

Mediastinal pseudomass caused by compression of the thymus in neonates with anterior pneumothorax.

We studied the radiographs of 115 neonates with anterior pneumothoraces to determine how often the pneumothorax created the impression of a mediastinal pseudomass. The pseudomass results from compression of the thymus gland by air under pressure. To the unwary, the resulting configuration can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of a mediastinal mass.

Stability of factors V and VIII in thawed fresh frozen plasma units.

Factors V and VIII, commonly regarded as unstable in unfrozen plasma, were assayed at various intervals up to 24 hours using plasma from 20 thawed fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units. Comparisons were made between units stored at 4 and 25 C. The mean factor V value did not significantly change during the postthaw test period.