Identifying behaviors that characterize emergence delirium: An observational study.

Background: Diagnostic criteria for emergence agitation are sensitive but not specific; they misclassify patients who are angry or upset as having emergence delirium.

Aims: The aim of this three-phase study was to determine expert agreement on the behaviors that differentiate children with emergence delirium from those without.

Methods: In the first phase of this observational study, pediatric dental patients were video recorded while awakening from anesthesia.

Neurosurgical Consequences of e-Scooter Use: Strategies to Prevent Neurological Injury.

Rideshare electric scooter accidents have led to increasing emergency department (ED) visits and neurosurgical consultations. This study categorizes e-scooter-related injuries requiring neurosurgical consultation at a single level 1 trauma center. Patients who required neurosurgical consultation from June 2019 to June 2021 with a positive finding on computed tomography imaging were selected for review of patient and injury characteristics, resulting in a sample size of 50 cases.

Assessment of the reliability of virtual preanesthetic airway evaluation compared to traditional in-person airway evaluation: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Airway evaluation is a fundamental component of the preanesthetic examination. Virtual care has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the reliability of a virtual preanesthetic airway evaluation compared with a traditional in-person airway evaluation.

Spinal cord tethering after selective dorsal rhizotomy below the conus medullaris.

Background: Two techniques for selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) involve stimulating and sectioning nerve rootlets either below the conus medullaris or above the entrances to their respective dural root sleeves. In general, both techniques lead to sustained improvements in lower extremity spasticity with low complication rates. To our knowledge, spinal cord tethering has not been previously reported as a complication of SDR using either technique.

Powder Reuse in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V-Changes in Mechanical Properties during a Powder Top-Up Regime.

The properties of Extra Low Interstitials (ELI) Ti6Al4V components fabricated via the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process are prone to variation, particularly throughout a powder reuse regime. Interstitial pick-up of interstitial elements within the build chamber during processing can occur, most notably, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, which can impair the mechanical properties of the built component. This study analyses ELI Ti6Al4V components manufactured by the L-PBF process when subjected to a nine-stage powder reuse sequence.

MicroRNA Analysis of Human Stroke Brain Tissue Resected during Decompressive Craniectomy/Stroke-Ectomy Surgery.

Background: Signaling pathways mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as one of the mechanisms that regulate stroke progression and recovery. Recent investigations using stroke patient blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated disease-specific alterations in miRNA expression. In this study, for the first time, we investigated miRNA expression signatures in freshly removed human stroke brain tissue.

A performance comparison of the most commonly used minimally invasive monitors of cardiac output.

Background: Shock is common in critically ill and injured patients. Survival during shock is highly dependent on rapid restoration of tissue oxygenation with therapeutic goals based on cardiac output (CO) optimization. Despite the clinical availability of numerous minimally invasive monitors of CO, limited supporting performance data are available.

A comparison of methods used to secure pediatric endotracheal tubes using a live human dermal model.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common lifesaving procedure. An in situ endotracheal tube (ETT) must be secured in position to avoid displacement and potentially life-threatening complications. Adhesive tapes form the most common intraoperative ETT stabilization methods.

Transfusion Use and Hemoglobin Levels by Blood Conservation Method After Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: Guidelines recommend modified ultrafiltration (MUF) and cell washing for blood conservation after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), although information on outcomes is lacking. This research compared online MUF (ultrafiltration of the patient's entire circulating volume) with off-line MUF (ultrafiltration of the residual CPB volume) and centrifugation (cell washing of the residual CPB volume).

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 99 consecutive patients, grouped by method (group I, online MUF, n = 35; group II, off-line MUF, n = 30; group III, centrifugation, n = 34).

Comparative Efficacy of Commonly Available Human Bone Graft Substitutes as Tested for Posterolateral Fusion in an Athymic Rat Model.

Background: Insufficient data exist on bone graft substitute materials efficacy; two thirds lack any clinical data.1,2 This prospective animal study identified efficacy differences among commercially available materials of several classes.

Methods: Historically validated muscle pouch osteoinduction study (OIS) and posterolateral fusion (PLF) were performed in an athymic rat model.

Surveys of post-operative pain management in a teaching hospital in Rwanda - 2013 and 2017.

: Postoperative pain management (POPM) appeared to be weak in Rwanda. : The aim of this study was to compare POPM measures in a teaching hospital between 2013 and 2017. : A two-phase observational study in 2013 and 2017.

Preoperative oral methadone for postoperative pain in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot.

: Inadequately controlled sternotomy pain after cardiac surgery can lead to delayed recovery and patient suffering. Preoperative intravenous methadone is effective for reducing both postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Despite ease of administration, the effects of preoperative oral methadone are not well described in the literature.

Respiratory muscle activation patterns during maximum airway pressure efforts are different in women and men.

Maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure values (PI and PE) are indirect measures of respiratory muscle strength that, in healthy adults, are known to be significantly lower in women compared to men. In part, sex differences in breathing kinematics, lung size, body composition, muscle mass, and muscle fiber composition are thought to be responsible for these effects. However, it is not known whether respiratory muscle activation during maximum respiratory efforts is also sex-specific.

The experience of spasticity after spinal cord injury: perceived characteristics and impact on daily life.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Determine the impact of motor control characteristics attributed to spasticity, such as spasms, stiffness, and clonus on the daily life of people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Nationwide, United States.

Subcutaneous ketamine for postoperative pain relief in Rwanda: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Postoperative pain control is often inadequate in low-income countries such as Rwanda, prompting the search for an inexpensive improvement. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to study the use of subcutaneous ketamine for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing major surgery in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients undergoing major abdominal, head and neck, plastic, or gynecological surgeries were studied.

Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in-vitro biofilms to high-level peracetic acid disinfection.

Background: Biofilm has been suggested as a cause of disinfection failures in flexible endoscopes where no lapses in the decontamination procedure can be identified. To test this theory, the activity of peracetic acid, one of the widely used disinfectants in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes, was evaluated against both planktonic and sessile communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Aim: To investigate the ability of P.