Chronic Adherence to a Ketogenic Diet Modifies Iron Metabolism in Elite Athletes.

Purpose: The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of postexercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels. This study examined the effect of a chronic ketogenic low-CHO high-fat (LCHF) diet on iron status and iron-regulatory markers in elite athletes.

Methods: International-level race walkers (n = 50) were allocated to one of three dietary interventions: (i) a high-CHO diet (n = 16), (ii) a periodized CHO availability (n = 17), or (iii) an LCHF diet (n = 17) while completing a periodized training program for 3 wk.

Modulation of σ-Alkane Interactions in [Rh(L)(alkane)] Solid-State Molecular Organometallic (SMOM) Systems by Variation of the Chelating Phosphine and Alkane: Access to η,η-σ-Alkane Rh(I), η-σ-Alkane Rh(III) Complexes, and Alkane Encapsulation.

Solid/gas single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) hydrogenation of appropriate diene precursors forms the corresponding σ-alkane complexes [Rh(CyP(CH) PCy)(L)][BAr] ( n = 3, 4) and [ RhH(CyP(CH)( CH)(CH)PCy)(L)][BAr] ( n = 5, L = norbornane, NBA; cyclooctane, COA). Their structures, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, have cations exhibiting Rh···H-C σ-interactions which are modulated by both the chelating ligand and the identity of the alkane, while all sit in an octahedral anion microenvironment. These range from chelating η,η Rh···H-C (e.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Adalimumab for the Treatment of Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Purpose: To investigate the cost effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with methotrexate, compared with methotrexate alone, for the management of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Design: A cost-utility analysis based on a clinical trial and decision analytic model.

Participants: Children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age with persistently active uveitis associated with JIA, despite optimized methotrexate treatment for at least 12 weeks.

Economic Evaluation of Activities of Daily Living Retraining During Posttraumatic Amnesia for Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of structured activities of daily living (ADL) retraining during posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) plus treatment as usual (TAU) vs TAU alone for inpatient rehabilitation following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Trial-based economic evaluation from a health-system perspective.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation center.

The impact of chronic carbohydrate manipulation on mucosal immunity in elite endurance athletes.

Carbohydrate (CHO) availability could alter mucosal immune responses to exercise. This study compared the effect of three dietary approaches to CHO availability on resting and post-exercise s-IgA levels. Elite race walkers (n = 26) adhered to a high CHO diet (HCHO), periodised CHO availability (PCHO) or a low CHO/high fat diet (LCHF) for 3 weeks while completing an intensified training program.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in children and young people at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: the SCIPI RCT.

Background: The risk of developing long-term complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is related to glycaemic control and is reduced by the use of intensive insulin treatment regimens: multiple daily injections (MDI) (≥ 4) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Despite a lack of evidence that the more expensive treatment with CSII is superior to MDI, both treatments are used widely within the NHS.

Objectives: (1) To compare glycaemic control during treatment with CSII and MDI and (2) to determine safety and cost-effectiveness of the treatment, and quality of life (QoL) of the patients.

Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease-a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases.

Purpose: Corrected T1 (cT1) value is a novel MRI-based quantitative metric for assessing a composite of liver inflammation and fibrosis. It has been shown to distinguish between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, these studies were conducted in patients at high risk for liver disease.

Universal screening at age 1-2 years as an adjunct to cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in the UK: A cost-utility analysis.

Background And Aims: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is widely underdiagnosed. Cascade testing (CT) of relatives has been shown to be feasible, acceptable and cost-effective in the UK, but requires a supply of index cases. Feasibility of universal screening (US) at age 1-2 years was recently demonstrated.

The relationship between agitation and impairments of orientation and memory during the PTA period after traumatic brain injury.

Agitation is common during the post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) period after traumatic brain injury (TBI), although our knowledge of what causes or predicts agitation is limited. The current study aimed to examine the association of agitation in PTA with the concurrent impairments in orientation and memory while controlling for covariates of agitation. Participants were 125 patients in PTA following moderate to extremely severe TBI recruited from an inpatient brain injury rehabilitation service who were assessed throughout PTA on the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) and the Westmead PTA Scale (WPTAS).

Endocrinopathies and renal outcomes in lithium therapy: impact of lithium toxicity.

Background: Lithium is the mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder, mania and an augmentation therapy in patients with treatment resistant depression. It has a narrow therapeutic index, with recognized adverse multi-system and endocrine side effects.

Aim: To assess the impact of lithium therapy, in particular lithium toxicity, on the development of endocrine and renal disorders in a cohort of patients in a single tertiary referral centre in Ireland.

Lysosome activation clears aggregates and enhances quiescent neural stem cell activation during aging.

In the adult brain, the neural stem cell (NSC) pool comprises quiescent and activated populations with distinct roles. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that quiescent and activated NSCs exhibited differences in their protein homeostasis network. Whereas activated NSCs had active proteasomes, quiescent NSCs contained large lysosomes.

Activities of daily living retraining and goal attainment during posttraumatic amnesia.

It is uncertain whether therapy delivered during posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) following traumatic brain injury can be effective due to risk of agitation and poor learning capacity. This study used goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess gains in activities of daily living (ADL) retraining during PTA. Occupational therapists' perspectives on goal setting and therapy delivery were also explored qualitatively.

The educational impact of web-based and face-to-face patient deterioration simulation programs: An interventional trial.

Background: There are international concerns relating to the management of patient deterioration. The "failure to rescue" literature identifies that nursing staff miss cues of deterioration and often fail to call for assistance. Simulation-based educational approaches may improve nurses' recognition and management of patient deterioration.

Wavelength diversification of high-power external cavity diamond Raman lasers using intracavity harmonic generation.

We report a high power quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) 620 nm laser from an external cavity diamond Raman laser utilizing intracavity frequency doubling in lithium triborate. Output power of 30 W for durations of 0.25 ms at 15% conversion efficiency was achieved with a beam quality factor M = 1.

Large brightness enhancement for quasi-continuous beams by diamond Raman laser conversion.

High average power lasers with high beam quality are critical for emerging applications in industry and research for defense, materials processing, and space applications. However, overcoming thermal effects in the gain medium remains the key challenge for increasing laser brightness at high powers. Here we report a means for increasing the beam brightness of high-power continuous-wave (CW) beams based on external cavity Raman lasers using diamond, a material with thermal properties far superior to any other laser material.

Encapsulation of Crabtree's Catalyst in Sulfonated MIL-101(Cr): Enhancement of Stability and Selectivity between Competing Reaction Pathways by the MOF Chemical Microenvironment.

Crabtree's catalyst was encapsulated inside the pores of the sulfonated MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework (MOF) by cation exchange. This hybrid catalyst is active for the heterogeneous hydrogenation of non-functionalized alkenes either in solution or in the gas phase. Moreover, encapsulation inside a well-defined hydrophilic microenvironment enhances catalyst stability and selectivity to hydrogenation over isomerization for substrates bearing ligating functionalities.

The use of Hall technique preformed metal crowns by specialist paediatric dentists in the UK.

Background Hall technique preformed metal crowns (HTPMCs) have been increasing in use recently, but little is currently known about their use by specialists.Aim To investigate the views and usage of HTPMCs by UK specialist paediatric dentists.Design This was a prospective questionnaire-based study, distributed online to all specialists on the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry email list between July and September 2014.

Dehydropolymerization of HB·NMeH To Form Polyaminoboranes Using [Rh(Xantphos-alkyl)] Catalysts.

A systematic study of the catalyst structure and overall charge for the dehydropolymerization of HB·NMeH to form N-methyl polyaminoborane is reported using catalysts based upon neutral and cationic {Rh(Xantphos-R)} fragments in which PR groups are selected from Et, Pr, and Bu. The most efficient systems are based upon {Rh(Xantphos-Pr)}, i.e.

Physical activity: perceptions of people with severe traumatic brain injury living in the community.

Primary Objective: Increasing physical activity (PA) among people with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important long-term rehabilitation goal. To design effective interventions to promote PA, the factors associated with PA engagement post-TBI need to be understood.

Research Design: A qualitative study design was employed to investigate the factors influencing PA engagement in people with severe TBI living in the community.

Agitated Behavior and Activities of Daily Living Retraining During Posttraumatic Amnesia.

Background: Patients in posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) may receive limited rehabilitation due to the risk of overstimulation and agitation. This assumption has not been tested.

Objective: To examine the relationship between agitated behavior and participation in therapy for retraining of activities of daily living (ADL) while in PTA.

Facial Aesthetics in Young Adults after Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment over Five Decades.

Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) - a common facial malformation in newborns - is typically corrected by surgical intervention to allow for normal speech development, psychosocial adjustment, and facial attractiveness. The long term treatment outcome can be evaluated after a number of years, possibly in adulthood. We investigated the aesthetics of the nasolabial region by subjective ratings.

Solid-state molecular organometallic chemistry. Single-crystal to single-crystal reactivity and catalysis with light hydrocarbon substrates.

Single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity and catalysis starting from the precursor sigma-alkane complex (NBA = norbornane; Ar = 3,5-(CF)CH) is reported. By adding ethene, propene and 1-butene to this precursor in solid/gas reactions the resulting alkene complexes are formed. The ethene ( = 2) complex, , has been characterized in the solid-state (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) and by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Efficacy of Activities of Daily Living Retraining During Posttraumatic Amnesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of activities of daily living (ADL) retraining during posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) compared with ADL retraining commencing after emergence from PTA.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation center.