Surgery for Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy Is Associated with Rapid Headache and Cranial Nerve Improvement.

Pituitary tumor apoplexy (PTA) classically comprises sudden-onset headache, loss of vision, ophthalmoparesis, and decreased consciousness. It typically results from hemorrhage and/or infarction within a pituitary adenoma. Presentation is heterologous, and optimal management is debated.

The Impact of Age on Noise Sensitivity in Cochlear Implant Recipients.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different open set sentence recognition tests in quiet, +10 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR), and +5 dB SNR in adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients above and below 65 years of age.

Study Design And Setting: Multi-institution, prospective, non-randomized, single-subject repeated measures design.

Patients: Ninety six adults more than or equal to 18 years old with postlingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Long-term Hearing Preservation and Speech Perception Performance Outcomes With the Slim Modiolar Electrode.

Objective: Describe audiologic outcomes in hearing preservation (HP) cochlear implant candidates using a slim modiolar electrode (SME).

Study Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Handheld Briefcase Optical Coherence Tomography with Real-Time Machine Learning Classifier for Middle Ear Infections.

A middle ear infection is a prevalent inflammatory disease most common in the pediatric population, and its financial burden remains substantial. Current diagnostic methods are highly subjective, relying on visual cues gathered by an otoscope. To address this shortcoming, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been integrated into a handheld imaging probe.

Cochlear Implant Outcomes Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: Systematic Review.

Objective: Hearing loss remains a significant morbidity for patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS). A growing number of reports suggest audibility with cochlear implantation following VS resection; however, there is little consensus on preferred timing and cochlear implant (CI) performance.

Data Sources: A systematic literature search of the Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrails.

Hearing and Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Adult Hearing Aid Users 65 Years or Older: A Secondary Analysis of a Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Hearing loss, especially moderate to severe forms, has the potential to negatively affect an individual's physical, social, emotional, and cognitive well-being. Moreover, having ineffective binaural hearing increases difficulty understanding speech in noise and leads to a greater degree of social isolation and loneliness and a reduced quality of life (QoL).

Objective: To explore the audiometric and holistic effects of cochlear implantation in a group of adults 65 years or older compared with an optimized bilateral hearing aid condition.

Assessment of Speech Understanding After Cochlear Implantation in Adult Hearing Aid Users: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Cochlear implants were approved for use in adults in the 1980s, but use remains low owing to a lack of awareness regarding cochlear implantation candidacy criteria and expected outcomes. There have been limited, small series examining the safety and effectiveness of cochlear implantation in adult hearing aid (HA) users with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of a single-ear cochlear implant in a group of optimized adult HA users with and without MCI across a variety of domains.

Axis-specific analysis and predictors of endocrine recovery and deficits for non-functioning pituitary adenomas undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.

Purpose: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is a well-established treatment for patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Data on the rates of pituitary dysfunction and recovery in a large cohort of NFPA patients undergoing ETSS and the predictors of endocrine function before and after ETSS are scarce. This study is purposed to analyze the comprehensive changes in hormonal function and identify factors that predict recovery or worsening of hormonal axes following ETSS for NFPA.

Immediate and 1-Year Outcomes with a Slim Modiolar Cochlear Implant Electrode Array.

Objective: To explore the immediate and 1-year outcomes of patients who underwent implantation with the slim modiolar electrode (SME).

Study Design: Consecutive case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral academic center.

Epidemiology of abusive head trauma in West Virginia children <24 months: 2000-2010.

Background: Few states have published statewide epidemiology of abusive head trauma (AHT).

Objective: To examine the statewide epidemiology of AHT in West Virginia (WV), with the primary objective of establishing AHT incidence for comparison to national data, and to use as a baseline for comparison to incidence post-implementation of a statewide AHT prevention program.

Participants And Setting: AHT cases in children less than 2 years old were identified from the 3 tertiary pediatric centers in WV.

Development of a Mixed Reality Platform for Lateral Skull Base Anatomy.

Objectives: A mixed reality (MR) headset that enables three-dimensional (3D) visualization of interactive holograms anchored to specific points in physical space was developed for use with lateral skull base anatomy. The objectives of this study are to: 1) develop an augmented reality platform using the headset for visualization of temporal bone structures, and 2) measure the accuracy of the platform as an image guidance system.

Methods: A combination of semiautomatic and manual segmentation was used to generate 3D reconstructions of soft tissue and bony anatomy of cadaver heads and temporal bones from 2D computed tomography images.

Skew Deviation and Partial Ocular Tilt Reaction Due to Intratympanic Gentamicin Injection, with Review of the Literature.

Skew deviation is a rare side effect of intratympanic gentamicin injection for intractable Meniere's disease. When the skew deviation is accompanied by pathologic head tilt and ocular torsion, the result is an ocular tilt reaction (OTR). The authors report the case of a 56-year-old man with refractory Meniere's disease who developed binocular vertical diplopia following intratympanic gentamicin injection and was found to have skew deviation and a partial ocular tilt reaction.

Early Outcomes With a Slim, Modiolar Cochlear Implant Electrode Array.

Objective: To describe outcomes from cochlear implantation with a new, slim modiolar electrode array.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary referral centers.

La Crosse Encephalitis: An Adult Case Series.

Background: La Crosse viral encephalitis is well described in children, but to date, there are only 2 adult cases described in the literature. Despite the fact that pediatric infection can be life threatening and typically presents as a febrile meningoencephalitis often complicated by seizures and mental status changes, little is known about the presentation and course of adult infection. We report the largest case series of adult La Crosse encephalitis.

Primary melanoma of the petrous temporal bone.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that is predominantly found in the skin. In rare cases, it arises from mucosal melanocytes. We describe a case of a solitary melanoma of the petrous apex of the temporal bone in a 67-year-old woman who presented with sudden hearing loss, aural fullness, and headaches, all on the right side.

The use of extemporaneously compounded 1% tetracaine to improve adherence with clotrimazole 1% topical solution in the treatment of ear infection: a case report.

For most medically amenable conditions, adherence to drug therapy is a necessary condition for a successful outcome. Drug side effects, especially pain, can interfere with the desired outcome. We report a case of non-adherence due to severe pain associated with the topical use of clotrimazole 1% solution in the ear.

Safety and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin for the treatment of la crosse encephalitis.

Background: La Crosse viral encephalitis (LACVE) is associated with residual epilepsy and neurocognitive deficits in survivors. This report summarizes 3 phases of clinical studies of children treated with intravenous (IV) ribavirin (RBV), each one exploring a different phase (I, IIA, IIB) of clinical trial development.

Methods: In phase I, 7 children with life-threatening LACVE were treated with emergency use RBV using a moderate IV dose (8.

Complications in pediatric cochlear implants.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review the complications of pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation at a tertiary referral center.

Method: Institutional review board permission was obtained. A retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients (younger than 18 years) who underwent primary cochlear implantation was performed from January 2001 to December 2005.

Technique selection for orbital decompression: combined endoscopic and transconjunctival versus combined endoscopic and transantral approach.

Surgical orbital decompression is indicated for patients with compressive optic neuropathy, exposure keratopathy, an uncontrolled elevation of intraocular pressure, globe subluxation, and disfiguring proptosis secondary to Graves ophthalmopathy. Controversy exists, however, regarding the selection of surgical technique to achieve orbital decompression. We compared the results of our combined transnasal endoscopic and transconjunctival approach with those of our combined transnasal endoscopic and transantral approach to orbital decompression.

Lithotripsy for refractory pediatric sialolithiasis.

Symptomatic salivary stones in the middle or proximal parotid duct have traditionally been treated by gland excision, which is associated with a 3% to 27% risk to the facial nerve in the pediatric population. Minimally invasive approaches to the management of salivary duct calculi have been introduced over the last several years. Fluoroscopically guided basket retrieval, lithotripsy, and intraoral stone removal under general anesthesia have found favor with many surgeons.

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in La Crosse encephalitis, a worrisome subgroup: clinical presentation, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and long-term neurologic outcome.

La Crosse virus encephalitis is the most common mosquito-borne virus in children in the United States. La Crosse virus encephalitis has emerged as a significant health concern due to its potential for acute morbidity, including seizures, alterations in mental status, and, in rare cases, death, as well as the potential for chronic morbidity, including, epilepsy and cognitive and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study is to provide a clinical description of the largest series of children reported with periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDS) associated with La Cross virus encephalitis with reference to their clinical course, seizure type, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and 2- and 10-year long-term neurologic outcome.

Pilot normative database for the Wolf Motor Function Test.

Objective: To gather initial data on the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) from able-bodied participants.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Clinical research laboratory.

Enteric helminths of juvenile and adult wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in eastern Kansas.

Viscera of 49 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) collected in the spring of 2001 and 23 wild turkeys collected in the fall and winter of 2001-02 from 12 counties in eastern Kansas were examined for enteric helminths. Four cestode species, two trematode species, one nematode species, and one acanthocephalan species were identified. Two cestode and two trematode species present in the spring sample also were present in the fall and winter sample.

La Crosse encephalitis in children.

Background: La Crosse encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease that can be mistaken for herpes simplex encephalitis. It has been reported in 28 states but may be underrecognized.

Methods: We investigated the manifestations and clinical course of La Crosse encephalitis in 127 patients hospitalized from 1987 through 1996.

Hip fracture outcomes and their prevention in Kanawha County, West Virginia.

Fracture of the hip is a serious and frequent problem in elderly women, often resulting in a considerable loss of function and an increased mortality long after the initial episode. By reviewing medical records coded for fracture of the proximal femur, we determined the incidence of hip fracture and the in-hospital outcomes for women ages 50 and older in Kanawha County during 1995-96. Additionally, we estimated from existing sources the potentially treatable risk factors for prevention of this malady.