Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamic Among Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

There remains a scarcity of studies to evaluate the treatment effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a cost-effective method to measure cerebral hemodynamics. This study used fNIRS to evaluate the effect of ECT in patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (manic phase).

Hepatic adverse events associated with ketamine and esketamine: A population-based disproportionality analysis.

Background And Objective: To determine whether there is disproportionate reporting of hepatobiliary disorders in the United States (US) FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for individuals prescribed ketamine or esketamine.

Design: We identified Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terms in the FAERS related to hepatobiliary disorders.

Main Measures: Formulations of ketamine and esketamine were evaluated for the proportionality of reporting for each hepatobiliary disorder parameter using the reporting odds ratio (ROR).

Trauma exposure as a risk factor of major depressive disorder: A matched case-control study.

The association between childhood trauma (CT), stressful life events (SLE) and the onset and severity of major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined association of CT and SLE with the onset and severity of MDD. A total of 503 patients with MDD and 503 controls were included.

Are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists anti-consummatory drugs?

Incretin-based treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (eg liraglutide and semaglutide), have rapidly transformed obesity treatment. The well-documented weight loss effect from these agents is considered to be primarily a result of their actions on food intake, but frequent anecdotal reports from varied sources have suggested that they might also broadly affect consummatory behavior, including alcohol and drugs of abuse, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on reward behavior. Herein, we critically review the extant literature on the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists in humans, including their impact on feeding behavior, alcohol/drug intake, and overall reward response.

Seltorexant for major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Preclinical and clinical pharmacologic evidence indicates that orexin systems are relevant to sleep-wake cycle regulation and dimensions of reward and cognition, providing the basis for hypothesizing that they may be effective as therapeutics in mental disorders. Due to the limited efficacy and tolerability profiles of existing treatments for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), investigational compounds in novel treatment classes are needed; seltorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, is a potential new treatment currently under investigation.

Areas Covered: Mechanisms implicated in MDD, including reward and sleep, are first overviewed.

[The mediational role of cognitive function on occupational outcomes in persons with major depressive and bipolar disorder].

Background: Improving functioning in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is a priority therapeutic objective.

Methods: This retrospective post hoc secondary analysis evaluated 108 patients with MDD or BD receiving the antidepressants vortioxetine, ketamine, or infliximab. The analysis aimed to determine if changes in objective or subjective cognitive function mediated the relationship between depression symptom severity and workplace outcomes.

Effects of brexpiprazole on patient life engagement in schizophrenia: analysis of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale data.

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia value improved life engagement, a term that describes positive health aspects across emotional, physical, social, and cognitive domains. This analysis of clinical trial data aimed to investigate the effect of brexpiprazole on patient life engagement in schizophrenia over the short and long term.

Methods: Data were pooled from three 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.

Psychedelics for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Interpreting and Translating Available Evidence and Guidance for Future Research.

During the past decade, there has been extraordinary public, media, and medical research interest in psychedelics as promising therapeutics for difficult-to-treat psychiatric disorders. Short-term controlled trial data suggest that certain psychedelics are effective and safe in the treatment of major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Preliminary evidence also supports efficacy in other psychiatric disorders (e.

Metabolic factors modulate effort-based decision-making in major depressive disorder.

Background: Abnormalities in effort-based decision-making have been consistently reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence indicates that metabolic factors, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which are highly prevalent in MDD, are independently associated with reward disturbances. Herein, we investigate the moderating effect of metabolic factors on effort-based decision-making in individuals with MDD.

Anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity associated with valproic acid: a systematic review.

Background: Recent guidance from UK health authorities strongly cautions against the use of valproic acid (VPA) in persons under 55 because of reevaluated risk of teratogenicity.

Objective: To summarize the extant literature documenting VPA-associated anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity.

Method: Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsychInfo, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Associations of childhood trauma with remission and treatment response after 12 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: To explore the associations of childhood trauma and its subtypes with remission and treatment response after 12 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Data were from patients with MDD in the Depression Cohort in China. At baseline, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess childhood trauma, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect.

Impact of depressive symptoms on motivation in persons with post-COVID-19 condition.

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) as the onset of symptoms within three months after resolution of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein symptoms persist for at least two months and cannot be explained by another medical/psychiatric condition. Persons living with PCC report debilitating symptoms including, but not limited to, depressive symptoms and motivational deficits. The aim of this post-hoc analysis was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and motivation in adults with PCC.

Cancer Nursing Frameworks to Guide Clinical Capability, Education and Careers: A Scoping Review of the International Literature.

Aim: This review aimed to provide a current global profile of all existing cancer nursing competency, capability, education and career frameworks and map capabilities and competencies to the clinical, facilitation of education, management and research pillars of practice.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed.

Examining the impact of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder on ketamine's real-world effectiveness in treatment-resistant depression.

Depression with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with more severe symptoms and a reduced response to traditional treatments. Although ketamine shows promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), its effectiveness in patients with comorbid PTSD remains underexplored. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 134 patients from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence to compare the effectiveness of four ketamine infusions (0.

Efficacy of orexin antagonists for the management of major depressive disorder: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Orexin receptor antagonists are a group of medications primarily developed to treat insomnia. Preliminary studies support their efficacy in the treatment of depression. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition): living systematic review.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition).

Design: Living systematic review.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to December 2023.

Cognitive Functioning Influences Mortality Risk Among Older Adults with COPD.

Unlabelled: Background/Objeectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality in the United States (U.S.), with rates varying by disease severity, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors.

A systematic review on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in mitigating psychotropic drug-related weight gain.

Objective: Many psychotropic drugs are highly associated with related weight gain. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are established anti-obesity and glucose-lowering agents. Preliminary evidence also indicates they are fit for purpose in mitigating psychotropic drug-related weight gain (PDWG).