Dorsomedial Striatum (DMS) CB1R Signaling Promotes Pavlovian Devaluation Sensitivity in Male Long Evans Rats and Reduces DMS Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Both Sexes.

Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) signaling in the dorsal striatum regulates the shift from flexible to habitual behavior in instrumental outcome devaluation. Based on prior work establishing individual-, sex-, and experience-dependent differences in pavlovian behaviors, we predicted a role for dorsomedial striatum (DMS) CB1R signaling in driving rigid responding in pavlovian autoshaping and outcome devaluation. We trained male and female Long Evans rats in pavlovian lever autoshaping (PLA).

Reconstructing the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.

Understanding the origin of eukaryotic cells is one of the most difficult problems in all of biology. A key challenge relevant to the question of eukaryogenesis is reconstructing the gene repertoire of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). As data sets grow, sketching an accurate genomics-informed picture of early eukaryotic cellular complexity requires provision of analytical resources and a commitment to data sharing.

Regulation of the sonography profession and patient safety: A comparative study between Australia and New Zealand with implications for statutory regulation.

Introduction: The primary aim of statutory regulation in healthcare is patient safety. Few studies examine health professionals' perceptions of statutory regulation and its impact on patient safety. Statutory regulation of sonographers is different in Australia and New Zealand which affords a unique opportunity to compare and contrast regulation and its impact.

Interprofessional collaboration between medical imaging academics and linguists in developing communication skills.

Introduction/background: Effective communication is critical in all healthcare professions, including medical imaging. This is demonstrated across the professional capability requirements outlined by regulatory bodies that represent medical radiation practitioners around the world. Thus, it is imperative that university curricula provide students with opportunities to develop their communication skills to ensure graduates are prepared to deliver high-quality person-centred care (PCC).

Dorsomedial Striatum CB1R signaling is required for Pavlovian outcome devaluation in male Long Evans rats and reduces inhibitory synaptic transmission in both sexes.

Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) signaling in the dorsal striatum regulates the shift from flexible to habitual behavior in instrumental outcome devaluation. Based on prior work establishing individual, sex, and experience-dependent differences in Pavlovian behaviors, we predicted a role for dorsomedial striatum CB1R signaling in driving rigid responding in Pavlovian autoshaping and outcome devaluation. We trained male and female Long Evans rats in Pavlovian Lever Autoshaping (PLA).

ePortfolios: Enhancing confidence in student radiographers' communication of radiographic anatomy and pathology. A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: In 2020, the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia made several revisions to its professional capabilities. To address this, medical radiation practitioners, including diagnostic radiographers, are required to escalate urgent findings in all radiographic settings. However, the confidence of radiographers in articulating descriptions of radiographic findings varies despite this requirement.

Lived experiences of healthcare. Putting the person in person centred care in the medical radiation sciences.

Introduction: Contemporary healthcare models recognise person-centred care (PCC) as a fundamental principle of quality, safe care. While substantial literature exists on PCC in healthcare generally, there is less evidence on how this relates to medical imaging and radiation therapy. Embedding patient-lived experiences of healthcare into healthcare education has promise in enhancing students' confidence in delivering PCC.

Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery for persistent cerebral arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term outcomes and associated risks related to repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for persistent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Under the auspices of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation, this retrospective multicenter study analyzed pediatric patients who underwent repeat, single-session SRS between 1987 and 2022. The primary outcome variable was a favorable outcome, defined as nidus obliteration without hemorrhage or neurological deterioration.

Contingency, repeatability, and predictability in the evolution of a prokaryotic pangenome.

Pangenomes exhibit remarkable variability in many prokaryotic species, much of which is maintained through the processes of horizontal gene transfer and gene loss. Repeated acquisitions of near-identical homologs can easily be observed across pangenomes, leading to the question of whether these parallel events potentiate similar evolutionary trajectories, or whether the remarkably different genetic backgrounds of the recipients mean that postacquisition evolutionary trajectories end up being quite different. In this study, we present a machine learning method that predicts the presence or absence of genes in the pangenome based on complex patterns of the presence or absence of other accessory genes within a genome.

Effect of cerebral arteriovenous malformation location on outcomes of repeat, single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery: a matched-cohort analysis.

Objective: Patients with deep-seated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have a higher rate of unfavorable outcome and lower rate of nidus obliteration after primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effect of AVM location on repeat SRS outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study involved 505 AVM patients managed with repeat, single-session SRS.

Third Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Residual Arteriovenous Malformations: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: There are no studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of more than 2 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) procedures for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the role of third single-session SRS for AVM residual.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included patients managed with a third single-session SRS procedure for an AVM residual.

Rigidity percolation in a random tensegrity via analytic graph theory.

Functional structures from across the engineered and biological world combine rigid elements such as bones and columns with flexible ones such as cables, fibers, and membranes. These structures are known loosely as tensegrities, since these cable-like elements have the highly nonlinear property of supporting only extensile tension. Marginally rigid systems are of particular interest because the number of structural constraints permits both flexible deformation and the support of external loads.

Stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a prospective study using the NeuroPoint Alliance Stereotactic Radiosurgery Registry.

Objective: The literature on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs) managed using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) relies mainly on single-institution studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is a literature gap on clinical and radiological outcomes of SRS for NSCLC metastases in real-world practice. The objective of this study was to benchmark mortality and progression outcomes in patients undergoing SRS for NSCLC BMs and identify risk factors for these outcomes using a national quality registry.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis tremor successfully controlled post-ventral intermediate nucleus-deep brain stimulation: a case report.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme. This deficiency results in excess production and accumulation of cholestanol, which can lead to many clinical findings within the first three decades of life, including progressive neurological dysfunction. This is a treatable condition with improvements in neurological and non-neurological symptoms upon the early initiation of replacement therapy.

Australian sonographers' perceptions of patient safety in ultrasound imaging: Part two - translation into practice.

Introduction: A lack of patient safety research hampers capacity to improve safety in healthcare.Ultrasound is often considered 'safe' as it does not use ionising radiation, a simplistic view of patient safety. Understanding sonographers' actions towards patient safety is crucial; however, self-reported measures cannot always predict behaviour.

Clinical and Imaging Outcomes After Trigeminal Schwannoma Radiosurgery: Results From a Multicenter, International Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: An international, multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and tumor control rates after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal schwannoma.

Methods: Patient data (N = 309) were collected from 14 international radiosurgery centers. The median patient age was 50 years (range 11-87 years).

Outcome Evaluation of Repeat Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for persistent cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has generally favorable patient outcomes. However, reporting studies are limited by small patient numbers and single-institution biases. The purpose of this study was to provide the combined experience of multiple centers, in an effort to fully define the role of repeat SRS for patients with arteriovenous malformation.

Australian sonographers' perceptions of patient safety in ultrasound imaging: Part 1 - identifying the main safety concerns, a qualitative study.

Introduction: Patient safety has been an undervalued component of quality healthcare but is a challenging area of research.Ultrasound is the most common imaging modality in the world. Research on patient safety in ultrasound is generally focused on bioeffects and safe operation of ultrasound equipment.

Electrophysiological correlates of attention in the locus coeruleus - anterior cingulate cortex circuit during the rodent continuous performance test.

Sustained attention, the ability to focus on an activity or stimulus over time, is significantly impaired in many psychiatric disorders, and there remains a major unmet need in treating impaired attention. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) were developed to measure sustained attention in humans, non-human primates, rats, and mice, and similar neural circuits are engaged across species during CPT performance, supporting their use in translational studies to identify novel therapeutics. Here, we identified electrophysiological correlates of attentional performance in a touchscreen-based rodent CPT (rCPT) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), two inter-connected regions that are implicated in attentional processes.

Distinct evolutionary trajectories in the pangenome occur within sequence types.

The species contains a diverse set of sequence types and there remain important questions regarding differences in genetic content within this population that need to be addressed. Pangenomes are useful vehicles for studying gene content within sequence types. Here, we analyse 21 sequence type pangenomes using comparative pangenomics to identify variance in both pangenome structure and content.

Ameliorating the stability of erbium-doped fiber laser using saturable absorber fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique.

In this paper, we present the performance and stability of an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on ZnO saturable-absorber (SA) prepared using two schemes: solution method (SM) and pulsed laser deposition technique (PLDT). It was observed that EDFL with ZnO-SA prepared using SM emits at 1561.25 nm under a pump power of 230 mW.

Prokaryotic Pangenomes Act as Evolving Ecosystems.

Understanding adaptation to the local environment is a central tenet and a major focus of evolutionary biology. But this is only part of the adaptionist story. In addition to the external environment, one of the main drivers of genome composition is genetic background.

Omnimodal topological polarization of bilayer networks: Analysis in the Maxwell limit and experiments on a 3D-printed prototype.

Periodic networks on the verge of mechanical instability, called Maxwell lattices, are known to exhibit zero-frequency modes localized to their boundaries. Topologically polarized Maxwell lattices, in particular, focus these zero modes to one of their boundaries in a manner that is protected against disorder by the reciprocal-space topology of the lattice's band structure. Here, we introduce a class of mechanical bilayers as a model system for designing topologically protected edge modes that couple in-plane dilational and shearing modes to out-of-plane flexural modes, a paradigm that we refer to as "omnimodal polarization.