Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in Barrett's esophagus: prospective evaluation and association with gastric MALT, MALT lymphoma, and Helicobacter pylori.

Objectives: Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) within Barrett's esophagus and its association with gastric MALT, gastric MALT lymphoma, and H. pylori infection.

Methods: From Barrett's esophagus patients, a minimum of six gastric biopsies were obtained, in addition to Barrett's surveillance biopsies.

Neurologic complications of 603 consecutive continuous spinal anesthetics using macrocatheter and microcatheter techniques. Perioperative Outcomes Group.

Recent case reports of cauda equina syndrome after continuous spinal anesthesia have led to a reevaluation of the indications and applications of this regional anesthetic technique. However, few large studies have formally investigated the frequency of neurologic complications using macro- and microcatheter (smaller than 24 gauge) techniques. This retrospective review examines 603 continuous spinal anesthetics, including 127 administered through a 28-gauge microcatheter, performed between June 1987 and May 1992.

A retrospective review of 4767 consecutive spinal anesthetics: central nervous system complications. Perioperative Outcomes Group.

Serious neurologic complications rarely occur after spinal anesthesia. Historically, the reported frequency of persistent sensory or motor deficits has ranged from 0.005% to 0.

Over 11 years of stable renal function after remission of nephrotic-range proteinuria in type I diabetics treated with an ACE inhibitor.

It has previously been considered inevitable that a progressive deterioration in renal function would occur in type I diabetics who have proteinuria in the nephrotic range. We have reviewed all type I diabetic patients presenting with nephrotic-range albuminuria to this department over a 13-year period. Of 16 patients identified, 4 have demonstrated a prolonged stability of renal function, with 2 losing their albuminuria.

Mutagenic responses of L5178Y mouse cells at the tk and hprt loci.

The expression of multiple recessive genes by aberrant mitotic lesions plays a major part in carcinogenesis. These lesions include intragenic mutations as well as chromosomal lesions. An in vitro model for studying carcinogenesis should respond to all these lesions.

Selection of proteins and peptides from libraries displayed on filamentous bacteriophage.

This article attempts to review recent developments in the rapidly developing field of phage display libraries. The current state of peptide, antibody, and cDNA libraries, as well as current and future applications of phage display libraries are discussed. The main focus of the article is on the methods for selecting binding ligands against targets in a variety of different formats.

Retrospective DNA ploidy analysis by image and flow cytometry in head and neck cancer.

A retrospective analysis of DNA content (DNA ploidy) was conducted in formalin-fixed specimens from patients with advanced, unresectable head and neck cancer who were treated on a single defined protocol with accelerated fractionation radiation therapy and concomitant cisplatin (Platinol) chemotherapy. Specimens from 31 tumor sites were analyzed by image cytometry using the Feulgen staining method. Fifteen specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry after deparaffinization, nuclear disaggregation, and staining with propidium iodide.

Simultaneous detection of microorganisms in soil suspension based on PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA fragments.

The effect of buffer composition on simultaneous PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments of five bacterial species was examined using a number of different buffer systems. Tris-based PCR buffers at final concentrations of 10 mM proved unreliable. However, when the final concentration of Tris was increased to 75 mM, all five samples were routinely detected.

Liver injury and expression of cytochromes P450: evidence that regulation of CYP2A5 is different from that of other major xenobiotic metabolizing CYP enzymes.

The purpose of this study was to find out how liver injury caused by two well-known hepatotoxins, chloroform and thioacetamide, alters the expression of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of DBA/2N mice. Dose-dependent toxic effects of the two hepatotoxins were verified by histological examination. Along with the toxicity, intense staining of immunoreactive material was detected in the centrilobular zone, with anti-CYP2A5 antibody in hepatic tissue.

Short segment Barrett's esophagus: clinical and histological features, associated endoscopic findings, and association with gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Objectives: To prospectively determine the clinical features, associated esophageal endoscopic lesions, associated gastric intestinal metaplasia, and prevalence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of short segment Barrett's.

Methods: All patients undergoing upper endoscopy over a 5-month period were scrutinized for endoscopic features suggestive of short segment Barrett's, and, if present, multiple biopsies were obtained from the suspicious areas. Prevalence of gastric intestinal metaplasia was determined by obtaining biopsies from the antrum, body, and cardia.

Time on task and blink effects on saccade duration.

Changes in saccade duration, saccade amplitude and slope of the regression line relating amplitude and duration were assessed during a 2 hour air traffic control simulating task. Mean duration significantly increased as a function of time on task (TOT). Saccade amplitude decreased during the beginning part of the two hour period, increased in the middle and decreased in the final part of task performance.

PCR amplification of a polymorphic minisatellite VNTR locus in whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.).

An approach has been developed for the screening of allelic variation of minisatellite DNA loci that substantially reduces the time and hazards involved. Primers were designed for a minisatellite region isolated from a gadoid fish species (Merlangius merlangus L.), enabling amplification by polymerase chain reaction, so that differences in the number of minisatellite repeat units (allelic variability) were detectable by ethidium bromide fluorescence (over UV light) following separation by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Tumour incidence reductions in carcinogenicity bioassays.

Most experimental evidence for chemopreventive activity comes from studies in which animals are administered the suspect chemopreventive agent before, after or simultaneously with a carcinogen predicted to increase tumour incidence in a particular tissue. Such experimental designs have inherent mechanistic assumptions. Evidence of chemopreventive function is also theoretically derivable from carcinogenicity assays, which in principle involve exposure to a single agent in addition to all other factors experienced by the control group.

Problem orientation is a new approach to surgical education.

Background: There is increasing interest in educational methods that are loosely aggregated under the title of problem-based learning (PBL), but it remains unclear whether PBL is as successful as its conventional predecessor in transmitting factual information.

Materials And Methods: The authors designed and implemented a PBL curriculum for a third-year surgical clerkship, then prospectively compared that technique with the conventional format. Each student's subject-related knowledge was assessed with a specifically tailored 195-question written exam and correlated with National Board of Medical Examiners shelf exams.

Nonfamilial tumoral calcinosis associated with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism: report of two cases with clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings.

The clinical and pathological findings, including those of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies, of two cases of tumoral calcinosis-like lesion (TCL) are described. Both cases were associated with chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism. One case presented as a rapidly growing 20-cm multiloculated, cystic, calcific gluteal mass on the sacrum, which was not clinically suspected to be related to hyperparathyroidism.

Hypocholesterolemic activity of a novel inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, SCH 48461.

The amount of cholesterol that circulates in the plasma as lipoproteins can be affected by the balance of cholesterol metabolism within and between the intestines and liver. In the present report, we describe a novel hypocholesterolemic agent and document its pharmacological effects in animal models of hypercholesterolemia. The oral administration of (3R,4S)-1,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-azetidinone (SCH 48461) reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations in cholesterol-fed hamsters, rats and rhesus monkeys with ED50s of 1, 2 and 0.