Energy as a Social and Commercial Determinant of Health: A Qualitative Study of Australian Policy.

Background: This paper considers energy as a social and commercial determinant of health. Stable access to clean and sustainable energy is integral for human wellbeing yet public health rarely considers its importance.

Methods: Using NVivo qualitative analysis software we analysed all Australian federal, state and territory strategic energy policies covering varying periods between 2016-2030.

Factors Associated With an Abnormal Blood Pressure Response During Exercise After Coarctation Repair.

Background: Although resting blood pressures following aortic arch repair or the extended end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) repair for coarctation can be physiologic, factors associated with an abnormal blood pressure response after exercise are unknown. We measured blood pressure gradients following exercise in children who had undergone previous repair in accordance with a surgical selection algorithm and sought to identify factors associated with an abnormal blood pressure response.

Methods: In accordance with our practice's surgical algorithm for repair of coarctation, infants were stratified to aortic arch repair when the distal transverse arch-to-left carotid artery ratio (DTA:LCA) ≤ 1.

COVID-19 associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) guidelines; revisiting the Western New York approach as the pandemic evolves.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MIS-C) continues to be a highly concerning diagnosis in those recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. The diagnosis of MIS-C cases will likely become even more challenging as vaccine uptake and natural immunity in previously infected persons leads to lower circulating rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and will make cases sporadic. Febrile children presenting with cardiac dysfunction, symptoms overlapping Kawasaki disease or significant gastrointestinal complaints warrant a thorough screen in emergency departments, urgent care centers, and outpatient pediatric or family medicine practices.

A Rare Presentation of Multi-System Inflammatory Disease in Children Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Management of multi-system inflammatory disease in children (MIS-C) remains a challenge due to the evolving nature of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article reports a rare presentation of multi-system inflammatory disease in a previously healthy 16-month-old male who fully recovered with minimal residual cardiac insufficiency upon discharge. Our case is unique due to patient's young age, cardiac findings, and his response to our treatment protocol.

Anomalous Right Superior Vena Cava in an Asymptomatic Patient.

Congenital superior vena cava (SVC) anomalies are not uncommon. However, an absence of a left SVC and an anomalous right SVC without additional congenital heart defects is very rare. We present a 38-year-old male with an 'anomalous SVC' that was found to be descending anterior to the pleural space and draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the right atrium.

Australian policies on water management and climate change: are they supporting the sustainable development goals and improved health and well-being?

Background: Sustainable management of the natural environment is essential. Continued environmental degradation will lead to worsened health outcomes in countries and across generations. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for viewing the preservation of natural environments and the promotion of health, well-being and health equity as interconnected pursuits.

Can health and health equity be advanced by urban planning strategies designed to advance global competitiveness? Lessons from two Australian case studies.

Background: The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the neo-liberal goal of global economic competitiveness when included alongside image-inspired social goals such as liveability and environmental goals such as sustainability can lead to policies that impact positively on health and health equity. The paper presents an analysis of the content and intent of strategic planning and transport plans from two Australian state governments.

Methods: The analysis was undertaken using a thematic document analysis of each plan and interviews with agents (n = 21) directly involved in the preparation of each document.

Ventricular tachycardia in a child with diabetic ketoacidosis without heart disease.

Ventricular tachycardia is uncommon in children without CHD. We present the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis and ventricular tachycardia and was not responsive to traditional anti-arrhythmic therapy. This case highlights the importance of identification of the underlying metabolic derangement causing the arrhythmia to provide appropriate management.

The 76-gene signature defines high-risk patients that benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.

Purpose: To assess the benefit from adjuvant systemic tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer risk groups identified by the previously established prognostic 76-gene signature.

Methods: In 300 lymph node-negative (LNN), estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients (136 treated with adjuvant tamoxifen, 164 having received no systemic adjuvant therapy), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) as a function of the 76-gene signature was determined in a multicenter fashion.

Results: In 136 tamoxifen-treated patients, the 76-gene signature identified a group of patients with a poor prognosis [hazard ratio (HR), 4.

Podocalyxin variants and risk of prostate cancer and tumor aggressiveness.

We previously reported linkage of a prostate cancer tumor aggressiveness locus to chromosome 7q32-q33, a region also associated with a high frequency of allelic imbalance in prostate tumors. The smallest region of allelic imbalance contains the podocalyxin-like (PODXL) gene, which we evaluate here as a candidate prostate cancer aggressiveness gene mapping to 7q32-q33. DNA from probands of linked families was examined for germ-line mutations in PODXL.

Early deaths with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in corticosteroid-dependent rheumatoid arthritis.

Intravenous thrombolytic therapy has become standard treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We describe three patients with long-standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on chronic corticosteroid therapy who experienced very early (1-6 h) mortality after the use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of AMI. All three patients likely experienced electromechanical dissociation (EMD).

Rates of insanity acquittals and the factors associated with successful insanity pleas.

The frequency of use of the insanity plea, the probability of being acquitted by reason of insanity given the plea has been used, and the overall volume of insanity acquittees was determined for seven states. Across the seven states, there was an inverse relationship (r = -.67) between the frequency of use and the likelihood of success.

Family correlates of social skill deficits in incarcerated and nonincarcerated adolescents.

This study examined social skill deficits in two groups of adolescent males--incarcerated and nonincarcerated. Family variables of structure and functioning were correlated with social skills. Subjects were selected from a local detention center and a university located in a rural county.

A description of the forensic outpatient and the opinions of mental health professionals who work with these clients.

This paper presents a descriptive profile of clients placed on Conditional Release in New York State between September 1980 and September 1987 (N = 331). Data on the client's sociodemographic characteristics, prior mental health history, prior criminal justice history, and target offense are presented, as well as information on the conflicts faced by the primary therapists working with this population.

The negligible effects of California's 1982 reform of the insanity defense test.

Objective: The authors' goal was to determine whether changing the insanity test in California in 1982 actually affected use of the insanity defense.

Method: They gathered information on all individuals who entered the insanity plea (N = 1,300) and all those acquitted by reason of insanity (N = 665) in seven counties in California 3 years before and 3 years after the change in the test of insanity. They focused on whether California's revision of the insanity test affected the number and rate of insanity pleas, the number and rate of insanity acquittals, the characteristics of individuals using the defense, the target offenses, and the length of stay of insanity acquittees.

New York State's system of managing insanity acquittees in the community.

New York State's Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1980 outlined specific procedures for conditional release to the community of persons found not guilty of a criminal offense by reason of insanity. To assess how well the procedures were working, the authors examined data on all clients placed on conditional release in the state between 1980 and 1987. The majority of the 331 clients so identified had been found to be dangerously mentally ill and were subsequently released to the community after extensive periods of involuntary inpatient treatment.

The volume and characteristics of insanity defense pleas: an eight-state study.

The authors document the very complex process involved in identifying insanity defense pleas in eight states. Each state and each study county in each state required an individual approach. Most often, county court dockets were hand searched to identify those pleading insanity, although numerous other methodologies were used.

A multicenter comparison of adhesion, preference, tolerability, and safety characteristics of two transdermal nitroglycerin delivery systems: Transderm-Nitro and Deponit.

One hundred forty-two patients with stable angina were enrolled in a four-week, multicenter, office-based study to compare the adhesion properties, patient preference, and tolerability of two commercially available transdermal nitroglycerin patches. Data from 139 patients were analyzed. Each patient simultaneously wore one 5-mg Transderm-Nitro (TDN) patch and one 5-mg Deponit (DPT) patch.

Assessing the operation of secure care programs in New York State facilities.

In 1980 New York State's Office of Mental Health began operation of a program designed to provide a secure treatment unit at each of the 23 state psychiatric centers. As part of a research project to assess the operation of the units, demographic and hospitalization data were gathered on all clients residing on, and admitted to, the 14 operational units over a five-month period in 1982. Clinical data and information on program operation were also obtained.