Global trends in surgical approach to neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review.

Background: We analyzed trends in age at surgery and surgical approach over time and geography.

Methods: We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA-IPD guidelines to include individual patient data. Collected data included age at surgery, location of surgery, and surgical approach.

Spinal accessory nerve transfer for shoulder abduction has no benefit over supraclavicular exploration and nerve grafting in brachial plexus birth injury: a systematic review.

Introduction: Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) has an incidence of 0.9 per 1,000 live births in the population. Techniques for repair classically include supraclavicular exploration and nerve grafting (SENG) and more recently nerve transfer, namely of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) to the suprascapular nerve (SSN) to improve functional outcomes such as glenohumeral abduction and external rotation.

Modulating the Potency of BRD4 PROTACs at the Systems Level with Amine-Acid Coupling Reactions.

Protein degradation using proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represents a promising therapeutic strategy. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that consist of a target-binding moiety and an E3 ligase binding moiety, connected by a linker. These fragments are frequently united via amide bonds.

Estimation of fatty acid composition in mammary adipose tissue using deep neural network with unsupervised training.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning-based method for robust and rapid estimation of the fatty acid composition (FAC) in mammary adipose tissue.

Methods: A physics-based unsupervised deep learning network for estimation of fatty acid composition-network (FAC-Net) is proposed to estimate the number of double bonds and number of methylene-interrupted double bonds from multi-echo bipolar gradient-echo data, which are subsequently converted to saturated, mono-unsaturated, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The loss function was based on a 10 fat peak signal model.

Swedish female and male general surgeons differ in personality traits.

Background And Aims: Evidence suggests that female surgeons achieve comparable or even more favorable outcomes than male surgeons. It is currently unclear what factors contribute to these potential differences. Possible explanations might be differences in personality traits, communication style, attitude, and risk-taking behavior.

Retrospective analysis of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data demonstrates body composition changes with age in dogs and cats.

Objective: Use 18 years of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan data to characterize how body composition changes with age in dogs and cats.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using data obtained from DEXA scans performed between 2006 and 2023. A total of 6,973 observations from 1,273 colony-housed dogs ≤ 1 to 16.

Post-weaning social isolation alters sociability in a sex-specific manner.

Adolescence is a critical period for brain development in humans and stress exposure during this time can have lasting effects on behavior and brain development. Social isolation and loneliness are particularly salient stressors that lead to detrimental mental health outcomes particularly in females, although most of the preclinical work on social isolation has been done in male animals. Our lab has developed a model of post-weaning adolescent social isolation that leads to increased drug reward sensitivity and altered neuronal structure in limbic brain regions.

Trauma-informed care beliefs scale-comprehensive for child welfare carers using Rasch analysis.

Background: The literature on trauma-informed care practices (TIC) indicates that this framework is beneficial for young people, carers, and staff. However, a significant gap in the literature and practice is the absence of psychometrically sound scales to measure carer adherence to TIC principles. Emerging evidence suggests that TIC practices shift carer attitudes and beliefs, which mediate positive outcomes for both carers and young people.

'Just because I have prostate cancer doesn't mean that I can't do things' - men's experiences of the acceptability of an exercise intervention for prostate cancer during treatment.

Background: Structured exercise has an important role in mitigating the extensive side effects caused by ongoing prostate cancer treatments, specifically androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation therapy (RT). Little is known about men's experiences of, and preferences for, structured exercise programmes during active cancer treatment. This study aimed to inform the acceptability of a 6-month supervised intervention that emphasised increasing and varied intensities of aerobic and resistance exercise, by exploring the experiences of men who participated.

Do educational interventions reduce the gender gap in communication skills?- a systematic review.

Background: Efficient doctor-patient communication is essential for improving patient care. The impact of educational interventions on the communication skills of male and female students has not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this review is to identify interventions used to improve communication skills in medical curricula and investigate their effectiveness in improving the communication skills of male and female medical students.

Post-weaning social isolation alters sociability in a sex-specific manner.

Adolescence is a critical period for brain development in humans and stress exposure during this time can have lasting effects on behavior and brain development. Social isolation and loneliness are particularly salient stressors that lead to detrimental mental health outcomes particularly in females, although most of the preclinical work on social isolation has been done in male animals. Our lab has developed a model of post-weaning adolescent social isolation that leads to increased drug reward sensitivity and altered neuronal structure in limbic brain regions.

Feline Cognition and the Role of Nutrition: An Evolutionary Perspective and Historical Review.

Research into cognition in cats and the impact of nutrition on cat cognitive health lags behind that in dogs but is receiving increased attention. In this review, we discuss the evolutionary history of the domesticated cat, describe possible drivers of domestication, and explore the interrelationships between nutrition and cat cognition. While most cat species are solitary, domesticated cats can live in social groups, engage in complex social encounters, and form strong attachments to humans.

'Werner Syndrome foot'-A case series of four Irish Traveller siblings with Werner Syndrome, diabetes mellitus and complex foot disease.

Unlabelled: AIMSWERNER SYNDROME IS A RARE PREMATURE AGEING AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDER CAUSED BY PATHOGENIC VARIANTS IN THE WRN GENE. PEOPLE WITH WERNER SYNDROME MAY DEVELOP DIABETES MELLITUS. CHRONIC FOOT ULCERATION IS SEEN, WITH SOME CHARACTERISTICS OVERLAPPING WITH DIABETIC FOOT DISEASE.

Prebiotic fiber blend supports growth and development and favorable digestive health in puppies.

Introduction: A healthy gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been shown to be essential for proper nutrient absorption and metabolism, maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and osmolarity, gut immunomodulation, and overall health. One of the most effective ways to promote a healthy GI microbiome is through dietary interventions, such as the addition of prebiotics. Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by the host GI microbiome through fermentation to confer a health benefit.

Determinants of physical activity promotion in primary care from the patient perspective of people at risk of or living with chronic disease: a COM-B analysis.

Background: Chronic disease (CD) accounts for more than half of the overall global disease burden and physical activity (PA) is an established evidence-based strategy for the prevention and management of CD. Global policy emphasises the value of embedding PA into primary healthcare, highlighting the positive effects on PA behaviour. However, there is limited implementation of PA protocols in primary care, and research is needed to guide its integration into routine practice.

Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont.

Host-associated microbiota are critical for eukaryotic host functioning, to the extent that hosts and their associated microbial communities are often considered "holobionts". Most studies of holobionts have focused on descriptive approaches or have used model systems, usually in the laboratory, to understand host-microbiome interactions. To advance our understanding of host-microbiota interactions and their wider ecological impacts, we need experimental frameworks that can explore causation in non-model hosts, which often have highly diverse microbiota, and in their natural ecological setting (i.

A PRISMA-IPD systematic review and meta-analysis: does age and follow-up improve active range of motion of the wrist and forearm following pediatric upper extremity cerebral palsy surgery?

Purpose: Surgical treatments such as tendon transfers and muscle lengthening play a significant role in cerebral palsy management,but timing of upper extremity cerebral palsy surgery remains controversial. This study systematically reviews the current literature and investigates the correlation between age at surgery and follow-up time with surgical outcomes in pediatric upper extremity cerebral palsy patients.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases was performed from inception to July 2020 and articles were screened using PRISMA guidelines to include full-text, English papers.

Treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma results in improved outcomes.

Objective: To report the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of dogs with histologically confirmed retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) and to identify potential variables of prognostic significance.

Animals: 46 client-owned dogs from 10 clinics with histopathologic diagnosis of a sarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal space.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain information regarding clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes.

Intercostal Nerve Transfer for Biceps Reinnervation in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Individual Patient Data Systematic Review using Individualized Fusion and Comparison to Supraclavicular Exploration and Nerve Grafting.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to search existing literature on nerve reconstruction surgery in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy to determine whether treatment with supraclavicular exploration and nerve grafting produced better elbow flexion outcomes compared to intercostal nerve transfer.

Methods: This study was a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Individual Patient Data guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using multiple databases.