Systematic Review of Vaccine Strategies Against Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Cattle: Insights, Challenges, and Prospects.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis) resulting in substantial economic loss in extensive grazing systems. The parasite colonises the reproductive tracts of both male and female cattle, being asymptomatic in males but causing early reproductive failure in infected females. This systematic review aimed to examine research manuscripts describing the development of T.

Study protocol for a Prospective Observational study of Safety Threats and Adverse events in Trauma (PrO-STAT): a pilot study at a level-1 trauma centre in Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries are a significant public health concern globally, resulting in substantial mortality, hospitalisation and healthcare burden. Despite the establishment of specialised trauma centres, there remains considerable variability in trauma-care practices and outcomes, particularly in the initial phase of trauma resuscitation in the trauma bay. This stage is prone to preventable errors leading to adverse events (AEs) that can impact patient outcomes.

Exploring the acceptability of a risk prediction tool for cardiometabolic risk (gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) for use in early pregnancy: A qualitative study.

Problem/ Background: The acceptability of providing women with personalised cardiometabolic risk information using risk prediction tools early in pregnancy is not well understood.

Aim: To explore women's and healthcare professionals' perspectives of the acceptability of a prognostic, composite risk prediction tool for cardiometabolic risk (gestational diabetes and/or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) for use in early pregnancy.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the acceptability of cardiometabolic risk prediction tools, preferences for risk communication and considerations for implementation into antenatal care.

Pre-alerts from critical care ambulances to trauma centers: a quantitative survey of trauma team leaders in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Pre-alerts from paramedics to trauma centers are important for ensuring the highest quality of trauma care. Despite this, there is a paucity of data to support best practices in trauma pre-alert notifications. Within the trauma system of Ontario, Canada, the provincial critical care transport organization, Ornge, provides pre-alerts to major trauma centers, but standardization is currently lacking.

Engaging adolescents and young adults in decisions about return of genomic research results: study protocol for a mixed-methods longitudinal clinical trial protocol.

Background: To protect minors' future autonomy, professional organizations have historically discouraged returning predictive adult-onset genetic test results and carrier status to children. Recent clinical guidance diverges from this norm, suggesting that when minors have genomic sequencing performed for clinical purposes, parents and children should have the opportunity to learn secondary findings, including for some adult-onset conditions. While parents can currently opt in or out of receiving their child's secondary findings, the American Society of Human Genetics Workgroup on Pediatric Genetic and Genomic Testing suggests including adolescents in the decision-making process.

A qualitative study of perceptions of the care pathway for familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosis, treatment, and family cascade screening.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that carries increased risk for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, and death. Due to low uptake of evidence-based practices, up to 80% of FH patients remain undiagnosed and most are undertreated. This project aimed to understand patient and clinician perceptions across the care pathway of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of FH, to inform implementation strategy design for two clinical trials seeking to increase evidence-based care.

Uses of Fibrinogen Concentrate in Management of Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy in the Prehospital Environment: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Trauma-induced coagulopathy remains a significant contributor to mortality in severely injured patients. Fibrinogen is essential for early hemostasis and is recognized as the first coagulation factor to fall below critical levels, compromising the coagulation cascade. Recent studies suggest that early administration of fibrinogen concentrate is feasible and effective to prevent coagulopathy.

Ready to launch: a cross-sectional study of field trauma triage and air-ambulance policies across Canada.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand current prehospital trauma air-ambulance policies and triage guidelines across Canada. The research question centered on understanding the guidelines used by provinces and territories and identifying potential regional variations in air-ambulance triage.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from November 2022 to May 2023, involving trauma leaders from Canada's 13 provinces and territories.

Perspectives for reproduction and production in grazing sheep and cattle in Australasia: The next 20 years.

We offer a perspective on the major challenges that are confronting the management of reproduction in sheep and cattle in Australia and New Zealand, over the next two decades. An important context is the dominance of grazing systems in which large flocks or herds are managed over large areas where it is challenging to manage reproduction with precision. Consequently, the variable forage supply usually dominates reproductive outcomes, a problem that will be exacerbated by global heating.

'You Can Get That Person on ART but You Can't Give Them Back Their Social System': A Qualitative Analysis of Voluntary Assisted Partner Notification for HIV for Marginalised and Vulnerable Populations.

Little is known about Voluntary Assisted Partner Notification (VAPN) in groups in sub-Saharan Africa that experience marginalisation, and whether its use is suitable for referral to HIV care pathways. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with purposively selected medical and health professionals ( = 15) regarding their perspectives and experiences with VAPN policy and its implementation. Data were analysed following a Reflexive Thematic Analysis approach.

IMPACT-FH Study for Implementing Innovative Family Communication and Cascade Testing Strategies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Relatives of probands diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) should undergo cascade testing for FH.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate probands' choices of innovative strategies to communicate their FH result with relatives and facilitate cascade testing uptake.

Methods: Probands with an FH genetic result from the MyCode Community Health Initiative could choose to share their FH result with adult blood relatives via the Family and Healthcare Professional Packet (packet), family sharing and cascade chatbots (chatbot), and/or FH Outreach and Support Program (direct contact).

Longitudinal Impact of on Abortion Service Delivery in Ohio, 2022‒2023.

To assess the impact of Ohio's abortion policy changes on abortion provision following . We analyzed quantitative and write-in responses from an ongoing survey of 6 abortion facilities in Ohio for 3 time periods: January‒June 2022 (pre-), July‒September 2022 (6-week ban in effect), and October 2022‒June 2023 (post-, ban blocked). We disaggregated counts by method, gestation, and state of residence.

Real-world experience in treatment of donor-derived Hepatitis C virus in kidney transplant recipients with delayed initiation, shortened course glecaprevir/pibrentasvir versus standard of care.

Background: There is limited literature describing the real-world practice of delayed initiation and shortened duration direct-acting antiviral (DAA) in kidney transplant recipients. We compared Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure rates among kidney transplant recipients who received an HCV nucleic acid test positive (NAT +) kidney and were treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) for 12 weeks or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for 8 weeks, a duration that is 4 weeks shorter than the guideline recommendation for treatment delay beyond 1-week post-transplant.

Methods: Retrospective study of HCV-negative adult patients who received a kidney transplant from an HCV NAT+ donor between April 2019 and April 2022 treated with either SOF/VEL for 12 weeks or G/P for 8 weeks.

Innovative Implementation Strategies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cascade Testing: The Impact of Genetic Counseling.

The IMPACT-FH study implemented strategies (packet, chatbot, direct contact) to promote family member cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We evaluated the impact of genetic counseling (GC) on medical outcomes, strategy selection, and cascade testing. Probands (i.

Analysis of eligibility criteria in Alzheimer's and related dementias clinical trials.

Overly restrictive clinical trial eligibility criteria can reduce generalizability, slow enrollment, and disproportionately exclude historically underrepresented populations. The eligibility criteria for 196 Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) trials funded by the National Institute on Aging were analyzed to identify common criteria and their potential to disproportionately exclude participants by race/ethnicity. The trials were categorized by type (48 Phase I/II pharmacological, 7 Phase III/IV pharmacological, 128 non-pharmacological, 7 diagnostic, and 6 neuropsychiatric) and target population (51 AD/ADRD, 58 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 25 at-risk, and 62 cognitively normal).

Conservation of C4BP-binding sequence patterns in Streptococcus pyogenes M and Enn proteins.

Antigenically sequence variable M proteins of the major bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) are responsible for recruiting human C4b-binding protein (C4BP) to the bacterial surface, which enables Strep A to evade destruction by the immune system. The most sequence divergent portion of M proteins, the hypervariable region (HVR), is responsible for binding C4BP. Structural evidence points to the conservation of two C4BP-binding sequence patterns (M2 and M22) in the HVR of numerous M proteins, with this conservation applicable to vaccine immunogen design.

Implementation considerations for the adoption of artificial intelligence in the emergency department.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potentially transformative force, particularly in the realm of emergency medicine (EM). The implementation of AI in emergency departments (ED) has the potential to improve patient care through various modalities. However, the implementation of AI in the ED presents unique challenges that influence its clinical adoption.

Field trauma triage criteria associated with need for dedicated trauma center care: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Direct transport from the scene of injury to a trauma centre reduces saves lives. In Ontario, paramedics use the field trauma triage standard (FTTS) to determine if a patient meets trauma bypass criteria. Recent studies have questioned the efficacy of the FTTS in identifying severely injured patients.

Conservation of C4BP-binding Sequence Patterns in M and Enn Proteins.

Antigenically sequence variable M proteins of the major bacterial pathogen (Strep A) are responsible for recruiting human C4b-binding protein (C4BP) to the bacterial surface, which enables Strep A to evade destruction by the immune system. The most sequence divergent portion of M proteins, the hypervariable region (HVR), is responsible for binding C4BP. Structural evidence points to the conservation of two C4BP-binding sequence patterns (M2 and M22) in the HVR of numerous M proteins, with this conservation applicable to vaccine immunogen design.

It is Time to Screen for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an ultra-rare inherited condition that affects approximately one in 300,000 people. The disorder is characterized by extremely high, life-threatening levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from birth, leading to significant premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, if left untreated. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is severely underdiagnosed and undertreated in the United States (US), despite guidelines recommendations for universal pediatric lipid screening in children aged 9-11.

Family cascade screening for equitable identification of familial hypercholesterolemia: study protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III randomized controlled trial.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a heritable disorder affecting 1.3 million individuals in the USA. Eighty percent of people with FH are undiagnosed, particularly minoritized populations including Black or African American people, Asian or Asian American people, and women across racial groups.