Cognitive outcomes following unilateral magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: findings from two cohorts.

Magnetic resonance-guided, focused ultrasound thalamotomy is a neurosurgical treatment for refractory essential tremor. This study examined cognitive outcomes following unilateral magnetic resonance-guided, focused ultrasound thalamotomy, targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for essential tremor. The research was conducted at two sites: Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto, Canada, and West Virginia University School of Medicine Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute in West Virginia, USA.

Electrophysiological and Clinical Predictors of Methylphenidate, Guanfacine, and Combined Treatment Outcomes in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: The combination of d-methylphenidate and guanfacine (an α-2A agonist) has emerged as a potential alternative to either monotherapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it is unclear what predicts response to these treatments. This study is the first to investigate pretreatment clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) profiles as predictors of treatment outcome in children randomized to these different medications.

Method: A total of 181 children with ADHD (aged 7-14 years; 123 boys) completed an 8-week randomized, double-blind, comparative study with d-methylphenidate, guanfacine, or combined treatments.

Methylphenidate, Guanfacine, and Combined Treatment Effects on Electroencephalography Correlates of Spatial Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: The combination of d-methylphenidate and guanfacine (an α-2A adrenergic agonist) may be an effective alternative to either agent as monotherapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying medication effects using cortical source analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data.

Method: A total of 172 children with ADHD (aged 7-14; 118 boys) completed an 8-week randomized, double-blind, comparative study with 3 treatment arms: d-methylphenidate, guanfacine, or their combination.

Optimizing Volar Tilt Restoration and Plate Position in Distal Radius Fractures.

Purpose: Distal radius fractures are common and often treated surgically with a volar plate. A complication of volar plating includes tendonitis or rupture of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon. We hypothesize that failure to restore the volar tilt of the distal radius results in increased pressure on the FPL tendon.

Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Simple Versus Comminuted Radial Head Fractures: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: Current teaching suggests that modified Mason type III and IV fractures of the radial head involving more than 3 fragments should be treated with radial head arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of simple (2 or fewer intra-articular pieces) versus comminuted (3 or more intra-articular pieces) radial head fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 35 patients with modified Mason type III and IV fractures treated with ORIF.

Simulation-based User-centered Design: An Approach to Device Development during COVID-19.

Introduction: Since the onset of COVID-19, intubations have become very high risk for clinical teams. Barrier devices during endotracheal intubation protect clinicians from the aerosols generated. Simulation-based user-centered design (UCD) was an iterative design process used to develop a pediatric intubation aerosol containment system (IACS).

Outcomes of Arthroscopic Elbow Contracture Release: Improvement for Severe Prosupination and Flexion Contracture.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate outcomes following arthroscopic elbow contracture release to describe the use of arthroscopy for improvement in extension/flexion and pronation/supination arcs of motion at a single institution for degenerative and posttraumatic etiologies.

Methods: Consecutive arthroscopic elbow arthrolysis performed between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Basic patient demographics, indications for surgery, preoperative and postoperative elbow range of motion, postoperative patient outcome score, and all complications were recorded and analyzed.

Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Cognitive and Electroencephalographic Predictors of Treatment Response.

Objective: The current study applies a precision medicine approach to trigeminal nerve simulation (TNS), a Food and Drug Administration-approved neuromodulation treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by testing secondary outcomes of cognitive and electroencephalographic [EEG] predictors of treatment response among subjects from the original randomized controlled trial.

Method: Children aged 8 to 12 years with ADHD, were randomized to 4 weeks of active or sham TNS treatment, after which the sham group crossed over into 4 weeks of open-label treatment. TNS treatment responders (RESP) had an ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) Total score reduction of ≥25%, whereas nonresponders (NR) had <25% reduction posttreatment.

Borylative cyclisation of diynes using BCl and borocations.

The borylative cyclisation of 1,2-dialkynyl benzenes with BCl3 leads to dibenzopentalenes (via intramolecular SEAr) or benzofulvenes (via chloride addition) depending on substituents, with stabilised vinyl cation intermediates (e.g. with a p-MeO-C6H4-group) favouring the latter.

Alpha modulation during working memory encoding predicts neurocognitive impairment in ADHD.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with working memory (WM) deficits. However, WM is a multiprocess construct that can be impaired through several pathways, leaving the source of WM impairments in ADHD unresolved. In this study, we aim to replicate, in an independent sample, previously reported deficits in component processes of WM deficits in ADHD and expand to consider their implications for neurocognitive outcomes.

Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Pilot Study of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), a minimal-risk noninvasive neuromodulation method, showed potential benefits for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an unblinded open study. The present blinded sham-controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of TNS for ADHD and potential changes in brain spectral power using resting-state quantitative electroencephalography.

Method: Sixty-two children 8 to 12 years old, with full-scale IQ of at least 85 and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-diagnosed ADHD, were randomized to 4 weeks of nightly treatment with active or sham TNS, followed by 1 week without intervention.

Hemispheric brain asymmetry differences in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Diagnosis is currently based on behavioral criteria, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is increasingly used in ADHD research. To date however, MRI studies have provided mixed results in ADHD patients, particularly with respect to the laterality of findings.

Are the components of social reciprocity transdiagnostic across pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders? Evidence for common and disorder-specific social impairments.

Deficits in social communication are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet significant social problems have been observed in youth with many neurodevelopmental disorders. In this preliminary investigation, we aimed to explore whether domains of social reciprocity (i.e.

The Effect of Neurocognitive Function on Math Computation in Pediatric ADHD: Moderating Influences of Anxious Perfectionism and Gender.

Predictors of math achievement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not well-known. To address this gap in the literature, we examined individual differences in neurocognitive functioning domains on math computation in a cross-sectional sample of youth with ADHD. Gender and anxiety symptoms were explored as potential moderators.

Catalytic Electrophilic C-H Borylation Using NHC⋅Boranes and Iodine Forms C2-, not C3-, Borylated Indoles.

Activation of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC⋅BH ) by I enables the metal-free catalytic C-H borylation of heteroarenes with formation of H as the by-product in a process that uses only bench stable precursors. The borylation of indoles using NHC⋅BH /I produces C2-borylated indoles exclusively in contrast to other catalytic electrophilic C-H borylation methods. Mechanistic studies indicate that this is due to C3 to C2 boron migration facilitated by the absence of exogenous Brønsted bases.

BCl -Induced Annulative Oxo- and Thioboration for the Formation of C3-Borylated Benzofurans and Benzothiophenes.

BCl -induced borylative cyclization of aryl-alkynes possessing ortho-EMe (E=S, O) groups represents a simple, metal-free method for the formation of C3-borylated benzothiophenes and benzofurans. The dichloro(heteroaryl)borane primary products can be protected to form synthetically ubiquitous pinacol boronate esters or used in situ in Suzuki-Miyaura cross couplings to generate 2,3-disubstituted heteroarenes from simple alkyne precursors in one pot. In a number of cases alkyne trans-haloboration occurs alongside, or instead of, borylative cyclization and the factors controlling the reaction outcome are determined.