A high internal heat flux and large core in a warm Neptune exoplanet.

Interactions between exoplanetary atmospheres and internal properties have long been proposed to be drivers of the inflation mechanisms of gaseous planets and apparent atmospheric chemical disequilibrium conditions. However, transmission spectra of exoplanets have been limited in their ability to observationally confirm these theories owing to the limited wavelength coverage of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and inferences of single molecules, mostly HO (ref. ).

Abyssal hydrothermal springs-Cryptic incubators for brooding octopus.

Does warmth from hydrothermal springs play a vital role in the biology and ecology of abyssal animals? Deep off central California, thousands of octopus () migrate through cold dark waters to hydrothermal springs near an extinct volcano to mate, nest, and die, forming the largest known aggregation of octopus on Earth. Warmth from the springs plays a key role by raising metabolic rates, speeding embryonic development, and presumably increasing reproductive success; we show that brood times for females are ~1.8 years, far faster than expected for abyssal octopods.

A reflective, metal-rich atmosphere for GJ 1214b from its JWST phase curve.

There are no planets intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune in our Solar System, yet these objects are found around a substantial fraction of other stars. Population statistics show that close-in planets in this size range bifurcate into two classes on the basis of their radii. It is proposed that the group with larger radii (referred to as 'sub-Neptunes') is distinguished by having hydrogen-dominated atmospheres that are a few percent of the total mass of the planets.

Organisational impact on the use of restrictive measures: The perspective of Swedish front-line managers.

Background: Restrictive measures (RM) are prevalent in services for people with intellectual disabilities. This study investigates managerial awareness of RM and the nature of organisational supports required to reduce their use.

Method: A survey asked front-line managers and staff what (RM) were used, their purpose, impact and importance (10-item Likert scales) and what organisational changes were required (free text).

Family carer and professional perceptions of the potential use of telehealth for behavioural support.

Background: Telehealth (i.e. the use of technology across distance) is widespread in many fields.

Phenology in the deep sea: seasonal and tidal feeding rhythms in a keystone octocoral.

Biological rhythms are widely known in terrestrial and marine systems, where the behaviour or function of organisms may be tuned to environmental variation over periods from minutes to seasons or longer. Although well characterized in coastal environments, phenology remains poorly understood in the deep sea. Here we characterized intra-annual dynamics of feeding activity for the deep-sea octocoral .

Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Primary Human Hepatocyte Spheroid Model: Adoption and Industrialization for the Enhanced Detection of Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury is a leading cause of compound attrition during both preclinical and clinical drug development, and early strategies are in place to tackle this recurring problem. Human-relevant in vitro models that are more predictive of hepatotoxicity hazard identification, and that could be employed earlier in the drug discovery process, would improve the quality of drug candidate selection and help reduce attrition. We present an evaluation of four human hepatocyte in vitro models of increasing culture complexity (i.

Abyssal Benthic Rover, an autonomous vehicle for long-term monitoring of deep-ocean processes.

The deep-ocean carbon cycle is poorly quantified. An abyssal benthic rover was developed to make long time-series measurements of seafloor processes related to organic carbon remineralization and sequestration. Benthic Rover II (BR-II) is an autonomous dual-tracked vehicle that measures bottom water temperature and oxygen concentration, current velocity, and sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC; respiration).

Human-relevant near-organ neuromodulation of the immune system via the splenic nerve.

Neuromodulation of immune function by stimulating the autonomic connections to the spleen has been demonstrated in rodent models. Consequently, neuroimmune modulation has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, demonstration of the translation of these immunomodulatory mechanisms in anatomically and physiologically relevant models is still lacking.

Morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features of gray eosinophils in nine cats.

Background: Gray eosinophils, resembling those in sighthound dog breeds, have not previously been reported in cats.

Objectives: We aimed to provide a morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural description of gray eosinophils in cats.

Methods: Blood films examined as part of routine hematology profiles in cats from May 2015 to July 2018 were evaluated for the presence of gray eosinophils.

Quantification of clinically applicable stimulation parameters for precision near-organ neuromodulation of human splenic nerves.

Neuromodulation is a new therapeutic pathway to treat inflammatory conditions by modulating the electrical signalling pattern of the autonomic connections to the spleen. However, targeting this sub-division of the nervous system presents specific challenges in translating nerve stimulation parameters. Firstly, autonomic nerves are typically embedded non-uniformly among visceral and connective tissues with complex interfacing requirements.

Senior manager decision-making and interactions with frontline staff in intellectual disability organisations: A Delphi study.

Very little is known of the activities of the most senior managers in organisations providing social care in the community to people with intellectual disabilities. Yet the importance of the focus and activities of senior managers in directing and supporting staff practice and staff experiences is likely to be central to an organisation's functioning and support provided for staff and service users. This study employed Delphi methodology with a panel of 11 senior managers, mostly chief executives, managing small to very large organisations providing support for people with intellectual disabilities, in the UK.

Sponge Behavior and the Chemical Basis of Responses: A Post-Genomic View.

Sponges perceive and respond to a range of stimuli. How they do this is still difficult to pin down despite now having transcriptomes and genomes of an array of species. Here we evaluate the current understanding of sponge behavior and present new observations on sponge activity in situ.

How do "robopets" impact the health and well-being of residents in care homes? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence.

Background: Robopets are small animal-like robots which have the appearance and behavioural characteristics of pets.

Objective: To bring together the evidence of the experiences of staff, residents and family members of interacting with robopets and the effects of robopets on the health and well-being of older people living in care homes.

Design: Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative research.

Improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review.

Background: Despite its importance within behavioural intervention, it remains unclear how best to achieve high procedural fidelity. This paper reviewed studies on improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, which identified 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Reducing challenging behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities in supported accommodation: A cluster randomized controlled trial of setting-wide positive behaviour support.

Background: Improving the quality of social care through the implementation of setting-wide positive behaviour support (SWPBS) may reduce and prevent challenging behaviour.

Method: Twenty-four supported accommodation settings were randomized to experimental or control conditions. Settings in both groups had access to individualized PBS either via the organisation's Behaviour Support Team or from external professionals.

An evaluation of staff training in positive behavioural support.

Background: Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) has been shown to be effective in minimizing challenging behaviour and improving the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Training in PBS is an important factor in achieving good coverage in the use of PBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of training managers of social care services in PBS.

How common are challenging behaviours amongst individuals with Fragile X Syndrome? A systematic review.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) appears to be associated with an increased risk for engaging in challenging behaviour, particularly self-injury, relative to those with mixed aetiology learning disabilities. Such behavioural issues are reported to be of high concern for those providing support. As such, this systematic review aimed to gain further epidemiological data regarding challenging behaviours in individuals with FXS, including: self-injurious behaviour (SIB), hand-biting as a specific topography of SIB, aggression and property destruction.

Proteomic analysis of filaggrin deficiency identifies molecular signatures characteristic of atopic eczema.

Background: Atopic eczema (AE) is characterized by skin barrier and immune dysfunction. Null mutations in filaggrin (FLG), a key epidermal barrier protein, strongly predispose to AE; however, the precise role of FLG deficiency in AE pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.

Objectives: We sought to identify global proteomic changes downstream of FLG deficiency in human epidermal living skin-equivalent (LSE) models and validate findings in skin of patients with AE.

Impact of practice leadership management style on staff experience in services for people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour: A further examination and partial replication.

Background And Aims: Practice leadership (PL) style of frontline management has been shown to be associated with better experiences for staff working with people who may exhibit challenging behaviours (Deveau & McGill, 2014). This study aimed to examine additional staff experience factors with a different, larger sample and to partially replicate the findings of (Deveau & McGill, 2014).

Methods: This study was a survey of staff self-reported data collected as part of a larger study.

Practice Leadership at the Front Line in Supporting People with Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour: A Qualitative Study of Registered Managers of Community-based, Staffed Group homes.

Background: The front-line management role in services for people with intellectual disabilities remains rather under-researched. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of registered managers in services for adults with intellectual disability who exhibit challenging behaviour.

Method: Interviews, primarily focussed upon staff practice, were conducted with 19 managers of staffed group homes in SE England.

Progress made towards enhancement of rheumatology education and practice in Zambia: review of an ILAR-supported project.

The burden of non-communicable diseases such as musculoskeletal diseases in the developing world is often overshadowed by the more prevalent infectious diseases. Generally, there is gross underestimation of the burden of rheumatologic disease in the backdrop of scanty or indeed non-existent rheumatology services in these countries. Local studies conducted in the last two decades in Zambia have documented the increasing burden of rheumatologic conditions in the country.

Spondyloarthritis in sub-Saharan Africa.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is generally uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa, in part because of the rarity of HLA-B27 in this region. However, the relationship between HLA-B27 and SpA, particularly ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is complex. Despite the HLA-B 27:05 risk allele occurring in some West African populations, associated AS is not seen.