A Model of Prefilled Syringes Exposure to Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide (VPHP).

A model was developed that can be used to predict how hydrogen peroxide (HO) transfers into a liquid drug product that is exposed to vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP). This model accounts for fluid flow in both the gas and liquid phases as well as the diffusion and convection mechanisms of mass transfer using the first principles of engineering to predict the amount of HO that will transfer from the gas to the liquid phase considering a given geometrical system and surrounding conditions. The model was used to investigate how much space is needed in a given container to eliminate convective mass transfer and to create a balance between mass transfer and the air/liquid interface for oxidation-sensitive products in cartridges or vials being filled in an isolator.

Severe macroglossia after posterior fossa and craniofacial surgery in children.

Massive swelling of the tongue can occur after posterior fossa and craniofacial surgery. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of such severe postoperative macroglossia, but this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Severe postoperative macroglossia can be a life-threatening condition due to upper airway obstruction.

Differential accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat: no role for phytochelatins.

Certain cultivars of some crops, including durum wheat ( Desf.), have a propensity to accumulate cadmium in the grain. In the 1980s, a Canadian wheat breeding program generated five pairs of near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that vary in cadmium-accumulation.

Repellent and Attractive Effects of α-, β-, and Dihydro-β- Ionone to Generalist and Specialist Herbivores.

In plants, the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid substrates produces volatile apocarotenoids, including α-ionone, β-ionone, and dihydro-β-ionone, compounds that are important in herbivore-plant communication. For example, β-ionone is part of an induced defense in canola, Brassica napus, and is released following wounding by herbivores. The objectives of the research were to evaluate whether these volatile compounds would: 1) be released in higher quantities from plants through the over-expression of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 (CCD1) gene and 2) cause herbivores to be repelled or attracted to over-expressing plants relative to the wild-type.

Comparative evaluation of eight software programs for alignment of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatograms in metabolomics experiments.

Since retention times of compounds in GC-MS chromatograms always vary slightly from chromatogram to chromatogram, it is necessary to align chromatograms before comparing them in metabolomics experiments. Several software programs have been developed to automate this process. Here we report a comparative evaluation of the performance of eight programs using prepared samples of mixtures of chemicals, and an extract of tomato vines spiked with three concentrations of a mixture of alkanes.

A new modified sesquiterpene glycoside from Cupressus chengiana.

A new sesquiterpene glycoside, cupressusoside (1), and five known compounds were isolated from the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the branches and leaves of Cupressus chengiana. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods. All the isolates expressed no remarkable cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (HCT-8) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, with IC50>40 mg/mL.

High-level production of human interleukin-10 fusions in tobacco cell suspension cultures.

The production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants has made much progress in recent years with the development of transient expression systems, transplastomic technology and humanizing glycosylation patterns in plants. However, the first therapeutic proteins approved for administration to humans and animals were made in plant cell suspensions for reasons of containment, rapid scale-up and lack of toxic contaminants. In this study, we have investigated the production of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension and evaluated the effect of an elastin-like polypeptide tag (ELP) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag on IL-10 accumulation.

Dereplication of known pregnane glycosides and structural characterization of novel pregnanes in Marsdenia tenacissima by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

In the search for novel natural products in plants, particularly those with potential bioactivity, it is important to efficiently distinguish novel compounds from previously isolated, known compounds, a process known as dereplication. In this study, electrospray ionization-multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was used to study the behaviour of 12 pregnane glycosides and genins previously isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, as a basis for dereplication of compounds in a plant extract. In addition to [M + Na](+) and [M + NH(4)](+) ions, a characteristic [M-glycosyl + H](+) ion was observed in full-scan mode with in-source fragmentation.

Simple ligand-field theory of d4 and d6 transition metal complexes with a C3 symmetry axis.

There have been a number of recent studies reporting high-spin d(4,6) complexes with three- and four-coordinate geometry, which exhibit roughly trigonal symmetry. These include complexes of Fe(II) with general formula L(3)FeX, where L = thioether or dialkylphosphine donors of a tripodal chelating ligand and X is a monodentate ligand on the C(3) axis. In these systems, there is unquenched orbital angular momentum, which has significant consequences on the electronic/magnetic properties of the complexes, including magnetic susceptibility, EPR spectra, and magnetic Mössbauer spectra.

The translation elongation factor eEF-1Bβ1 is involved in cell wall biosynthesis and plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The eukaryotic translation elongation factor eEF-1Bβ1 (EF1Bβ) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that plays an important role in translation elongation. In this study, we show that the EF1Bβ protein is localized in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and that the transcripts should be expressed in most tissue types in seedlings. Sectioning of the inflorescence stem revealed that EF1Bβ predominantly localizes to the xylem vessels and in the interfascicular cambium.

Comparative metabolomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the degradation of patulin using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A comparative metabolomic analysis was conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with and without patulin treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach. A total of 72 metabolites were detected and compared, including 16 amino acids, 29 organic acids and alcohols, 19 sugars and sugar alcohols, 2 nucleotides, and 6 miscellaneous compounds. Principle component analysis showed a clear separation of metabolome between the cells with and without patulin treatment, and most of the identified metabolites contributed to the separation.

DIMINUTO 1 affects the lignin profile and secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in plant growth and development and DIMINUTO 1 (DIM1), a protein involved in BR biosynthesis, was previously identified as a cell elongation factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through promoter expression analysis, we showed that DIM1 was expressed in most of the tissue types in seedlings and sectioning of the inflorescence stem revealed that DIM1 predominantly localizes to the xylem vessels and in the interfascicular cambium. To investigate the role of DIM1 in cell wall formation, we generated loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants.

Modeling the geometric, electronic, and redox properties of iron(III)-containing amphiphiles with asymmetric [NN'O] headgroups.

Two iron(III)-containing amphiphiles 1 and 2 have been synthesized with the [NN'O] ligands HL(tBu-ODA) (2-((octadecyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and HL(I-ODA) (2-((octadecyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4,6-diiodophenol), respectively. Compound 1 is monometallic, whereas EXAFS data suggest that 2 is a mixture of mono- and bimetallic species. The archetypical [Fe(III)(L(NN'O))(2)](+) complexes 3-9 have been isolated and characterized in order to understand the geometric, electronic, and redox properties of the amphiphiles.

Topical lidocaine patch 5% for acute postoperative pain control.

A 39-year-old para 3 woman presented for elective caesarean section (lower segment caesarean section (LSCS)) for breech presentation. The patient had a strong history of atopy and anaphylaxis to paracetamol, codeine, penicillin and latex. The patient was asthmatic, triggered by aspirin.

Metals in anticancer therapy: copper(II) complexes as inhibitors of the 20S proteasome.

Selective 20S proteasomal inhibition and apoptosis induction were observed when several lines of cancer cells were treated with a series of copper complexes described as [Cu(L(I))Cl] (1), [Cu(L(I))OAc] (2), and [Cu(HL(I))(L(I))]OAc (3), where HL(I) is the ligand 2,4-diiodo-6-((pyridine-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenol. These complexes were synthesized, characterized by means of ESI spectrometry, infrared, UV-visible and EPR spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction when possible. After full characterization species 1-3 were evaluated for their ability to function as proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in C4-2B and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and MCF-10A normal cells.

Impact of reduction on the properties of metal bisdithiolenes: multinuclear solid-state NMR and structural studies on Pt(tfd)2 and its reduced forms.

Transition-metal dithiolene complexes have interesting structures and fascinating redox properties, making them promising candidates for a number of applications, including superconductors, photonic devices, chemical sensors, and catalysts. However, not enough is known about the molecular electronic origins of these properties. Multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy and first-principles calculations are used to examine the molecular and electronic structures of the redox series [Pt(tfd)(2)](z-) (tfd = S(2)C(2)(CF(3))(2); z = 0, 1, 2; the anionic species have [NEt(4)](+) countercations).

Photochemical reactions of fac-[Mn(CO)3(phen)imidazole]+: evidence for long-lived radical species intermediates.

The electronic absorption spectrum of fac-[Mn(CO)(3)(phen)imH](+), fac-1 in CH(2)Cl(2) is characterized by a strong absorption band at 378 nm (epsilon(max) = 3200 mol(-1) L cm(-1)). On the basis of quantum mechanical calculations, the visible absorption band has been assigned to ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT, im-->phen) and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT, Mn-->phen) charge transfer transition. When fac-1 in CH(2)Cl(2) is irradiated with 350 nm continuous light, the absorption features are gradually shifted to represent those of the meridional complex mer-[Mn(CO)(3)(phen)imH](+), mer-1 (lambda(max) = 556 nm).

Functionalization of PAMAM dendrimers with [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)](-).

The anchoring of K[Ru(III)(edta)(Cl)] on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM of three generations G(x)/Ru (x=0, 2 and 3)) through a peptide type bond yielded the aquo species, [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)] on dendrimer surface, and upon NO exposure, yielded their nitrosyl analogues, G(x)/RuNO. Characterization of these compounds by elemental analysis, and a UV-vis, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies indicated the immobilization of 4, 12 and 29 molecules of [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)] or of the nitrosyl complex [Ru(II)(edta)NO] on the dendrimer surface for G(X)=0, 2 and 3, respectively. For each complex the electrochemical spectrum presented only one redox process with redox potential values of -0.

A phosphine-mediated through-space exchange coupling pathway for unpaired electrons in a heterobimetallic lanthanide-transition metal complex.

The reaction of P(CH2OH)3 with methyl anthranilate NH2C6H4-2-CO2Me produced the ligand precursor P(CH2NHC6H4-2-CO2Me)3 (1). The reaction of 1 with [Y{N(SiMe3)2}3] produced hexadentate yttrium complex [Y{P(CH2NC6H4-2-CO2Me)3}] (2), in which the metal centre is coordinated by three amido donors and the three carbonyl oxygen atoms of the ester groups. The 31P{1H} NMR spectrum features 1J Y,P=15 Hz, and DFT calculations demonstrate that through-space interaction between the minor lobe of the phosphine lone pair and the yttrium centre allows a large Fermi contact contribution to this spin coupling constant.

Archetypical modeling and amphiphilic behavior of cobalt(II)-containing soft-materials with asymmetric tridentate ligands.

The stabilization of a bivalent oxidation state in cobalt complexes of phenolate-based asymmetric tridentate ligands with iodo and bromo substituents is studied. The complexes [CoII(LIA)2].2CH3OH (1) and [CoII(LBrA)2].

Design of molecular scaffolds based on unusual geometries for magnetic modulation of spin-diverse complexes with selective redox response.

A weakly coupled heterometallic [CuFe] complex has been prepared in which the metal centers are coordinated to a new electroactive ligand. The spin-diverse system delivers distinct ground states upon application of selective redox potentials. Ligand oxidation fosters radical generation, and the initial ground state associated with a weakly coupled [CuFe] core switches to a ground state associated with the [Fe-radical] coupling; the Cu(II) ion remains uncoupled.