Sexual assault predicts unhealthy weight management among college women: A longitudinal, prospective study.

: To examine whether sexual assault prospectively predicts unhealthy weight management behaviors in college women. : Participants were female college students ( = 483) with monthly assessments across the first year, including the frequency and severity of sexual assault and unhealthy weight management behaviors. : Frequency of sexual assault prior to college predicted dieting, purging, and diet pill use, over the first year.

Overvaluation of Shape and Weight (Not BMI) Associated with Depressive Symptoms and Binge Eating Symptoms Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Overvaluation of shape and weight (OSW) involves defining self-worth by body shape/weight. Among persons seeking bariatric surgery, cross-sectional studies have found associations between OSW, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating.

Materials And Methods: Relationships among OSW, depressive symptoms, binge eating symptoms, and BMI were analyzed both cross-sectionally and over time among 145 adults who had bariatric surgery.

The Role of Resilience in Psychological Health Among Bariatric Surgery Patients.

Objective: Many individuals who undergo bariatric surgery have experienced repeated unsuccessful diet attempts and negative messages from healthcare providers, family, and others about their weight. Research pre- and post-operatively has taken a pathological or risk-based approach, investigating psychiatric problems and disordered eating. In contrast, the current study explores resilience in this population.

Cardiovascular and cortisol responses to experimentally-induced minority stress.

Objective: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals who report greater minority stress (e.g., discrimination) are at an elevated risk for multiple health problems.

Self-Pay Payer Status Predicts Long-Term Loss to Follow-Up After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: In spite of widespread recommendations for lifelong patient follow-up with a bariatric provider after bariatric surgery, attrition to follow-up is common. Over the past two decades, many programs have sought to expand access to care for patients lacking insurance coverage for bariatric surgery by offering "self-pay" packages; however, the impact of this financing on long-term follow-up is unclear. We sought to determine whether payer status impacts loss to follow-up within 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Why women are not small men: sex-related differences in perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Background: The use of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate the risk of adverse perioperative outcomes is increasingly prevalent. CPET-derived information enables personalised perioperative care and enhances shared decision-making. Sex-related differences in physical fitness are reported in non-perioperative literature.

Prospective Collection of PROMIS Physical Function Measure Demonstrates Significant Improvement After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: We evaluated quality of life among bariatric surgery patients using patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We hypothesized that physical function would improve after bariatric surgery.

Methods: We prospectively collected PROs beginning in December 2015.

Associations Between Approach and Avoidance Coping, Psychological Distress, and Disordered Eating Among Candidates for Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Individuals seeking bariatric surgery evidence risk for binge and disordered eating behaviors, which can lead to poorer post-surgical weight loss outcomes. Use of avoidant coping strategies to manage stress, along with symptoms of depression, are associated with disordered eating in the general population. However, the role of coping has not been examined among candidates for bariatric surgery, and coping and depression have rarely been considered in combination.

Minority Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Executive Function: An Experimental Investigation of Gay and Lesbian Adults.

Minority stress is associated with emotional, cognitive, and health consequences for sexual minority individuals. Mechanisms remain poorly understood. Theory and preliminary evidence suggests that stress associated with minority identity results in negative emotions and attempts at suppression, which may contribute to depletion of executive function.

Longitudinal Predictors of Behavioral Intentions and HIV Service Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men.

HIV prevention interventions are generally effective at reducing sexual risk. Although these interventions have been widely disseminated in the USA, their success depends largely on whether subpopulations who have been prioritized for risk reduction are willing to participate. Understanding the factors predicting service utilization is critical to maximizing public health benefit.

Telephone-Delivered Mindfulness Training for People Living with HIV: A Qualitative 360° Inquiry.

For people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), life stress often undermines quality of life and interferes with medical care. Mindfulness training (MT) may help PLWHA to manage stress. Because standard MT protocols can be burdensome, we explored telephone delivery as a potentially more feasible approach.

Sexual Behavior, Definitions of Sex, and the Role of Self-Partner Context Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults.

Prior research has examined how heterosexual individuals define sex; however, these studies have rarely focused on sexual minority individuals or included a full range of applicable sexual behaviors. Participants were recruited from a local Pride Festival across two years. Study 1 (N = 329) was primarily descriptive and examined which physically intimate behaviors lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) participants included in their definitions of sex and the behaviors in which they had previously engaged.

Psychological Distress Moderates the Intention-Behavior Association for Sexual Partner Concurrency Among Adults.

Research suggests that intentions are an important determinant of sexual risk behavior. However, this association is often weaker than hypothesized. This research investigated whether psychological distress (i.

Validation of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing-derived variables to predict in-hospital morbidity after major colorectal surgery.

Background: In single-centre studies, postoperative complications are associated with reduced fitness. This study explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after major elective colorectal surgery.

Methods: Patients underwent preoperative CPET with recording of in-hospital morbidity.

Is being out about sexual orientation uniformly healthy? The moderating role of socioeconomic status in a prospective study of gay and bisexual men.

Background: Stress associated with concealing sexual orientation is a possible mechanism for health disparities among lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) individuals. However, disclosing one's sexual orientation might not be uniformly healthy across social contexts.

Purpose: The present study tested whether being out is less healthy for gay and bisexual men of lower socioeconomic status (SES) relative to higher SES men.

Piloting Lead with Love: a film-based intervention to improve parents' responses to their lesbian, gay, and bisexual children.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are at increased risk for a variety of poor health outcomes, relative to their heterosexual counterparts, and recent research implicates family responses to a child's sexual orientation as an important predictor of these health difficulties. Lead with Love is a 35-min documentary-style preventive intervention created to improve parents' behaviors toward their lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) children, by providing parents with support, information, and concrete behavioral guidance. The film was made available free online, and was promoted widely with a multi-media marketing campaign.

Behavioral intentions to HIV test and subsequent testing: the moderating role of sociodemographic characteristics.

Objective: Health behavior theorists have proposed that cognitive variables (e.g., intentions to change, self-efficacy) drive individual health behaviors, and most HIV/AIDS prevention interventions are grounded in this notion.

The genotoxicity of acrylamide and glycidamide in big blue rats.

Acrylamide (AA), a mutagen and rodent carcinogen, recently has been detected in fried and baked starchy foods, a finding that has prompted renewed interest in its potential for toxicity in humans. In the present study, we exposed Big Blue rats to the equivalent of approximately 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day of AA or its epoxide metabolite glycidamide (GA) via the drinking water, an AA treatment regimen comparable to those used to produce cancer in rats. After 2 months of dosing, the rats were euthanized and blood was taken for the micronucleus assay; spleens for the lymphocyte Hprt mutant assay; and liver, thyroid, bone marrow, testis (from males), and mammary gland (females) for the cII mutant assay.

Evaluation of mutagenic mode of action in Big Blue mice fed methylphenidate for 24 weeks.

Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH), a widely prescribed pediatric drug for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, induced liver adenocarcinomas in B6C3F1 mice exposed to 500 ppm in feed for 2 years (Dunnick and Hailey (1995) [14]). In order to determine if the induction of liver tumors was by a mutagenic mode of action, groups of male Big Blue (BB) mice (B6C3F1 background) were fed diets containing 50-4000 ppm MPH for 4, 12, or 24 weeks. At sacrifice, the livers were removed and the cII mutant frequency (MF) and spectrum of cII mutations were determined.

DNA adduct formation and induction of micronuclei and mutations in B6C3F1/Tk mice treated neonatally with acrylamide or glycidamide.

Acrylamide, a food contaminant, is carcinogenic in experimental animals, with both genotoxic and nongenotoxic pathways being proposed. To obtain information regarding mechanisms of acrylamide tumorigenesis, we compared the extent of DNA adduct formation and induction of micronuclei and mutations in mice treated neonatally with acrylamide and its electrophilic metabolite glycidamide. Male and female B6C3F1/Tk mice were treated intraperitoneally on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 8 and 15 or PNDs 1-8 with 0.

Interference of cell cycle progression by zidovudine and lamivudine in NIH 3T3 cells.

Zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) and lamivudine [(-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; 3TC] are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors used to treat and prevent human immunodeficiency virus-1 infections. In short-term incubations (<48 h), AZT, but not 3TC, has been shown to interfere with cell cycle progression. In the present study, we examined if these alterations persist during long-term incubations in which cells were exposed to AZT (0-1000 microM) or 3TC (0-500 microM) in continuous culture for up to 5 weeks.

A national survey of obstetric anaesthesia guidelines in the UK.

Background: In May 2005 the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association (OAA) and Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland published a document entitled Guidelines for Obstetric Anaesthetic Services. This survey investigated if standards recommended in this document were being met more than six months after its release.

Methods: An OAA-approved questionnaire was sent to all obstetric anaesthesia lead clinicians across the UK, using the OAA mailing database.

Pharmacokinetics, dose-range, and mutagenicity studies of methylphenidate hydrochloride in B6C3F1 mice.

Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) is one of the most frequently prescribed pediatric drugs for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In a recent study, increased hepatic adenomas were observed in B6C3F1 mice treated with MPH in their diet. To evaluate the reactive metabolite, ritalinic acid (RA) of MPH and its mode of action in mice, we conducted extensive investigations on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and genotoxicity of the drug in B6C3F1 mice.

Transplacental drug transfer and frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and peripheral blood micronuclei in mice treated transplacentally with zidovudine and lamivudine.

In previous studies, we have shown that zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT), but not lamivudine [(-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; 3TC], is genotoxic when administered to neonatal mice, and that 3TC when coadministered with AZT does not alter the responses observed with AZT alone (Von Tungeln et al. [2002] Carcinogenesis 23:1427-1432). We now have investigated the transplacental transfer of these drugs and the induction of mutants and micronuclei in the neonatal offspring.