Excess Opioid Medication and Variation in Prescribing Patterns Following Common Breast Plastic Surgeries.

Excess opioid prescribing has societal impacts including addiction, dependence, and misuse. This study aims to investigate prescribing patterns and self-reported patient experiences with opioid use, pain control, and disposal of unused medication following common breast surgeries. A total of 46 patients undergoing 5 breast procedures were identified during a predefined 14-week period.

Palytoxin evokes reversible spreading depolarization in the locust CNS.

Spreading depolarization (SD) describes the near-complete depolarization of central nervous system (CNS) neural cells as a consequence of chemical, electrical, or metabolic perturbations. It is well established as the central mechanism underlying insect coma and various mammalian neurological dysfunctions. Despite significant progress in our understanding, the question remains: which cation channel, if any, generates SD in the CNS? Previously, we speculated that the sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) might function as a large-conductance ion channel to initiate SD in insects, potentially mediated by a palytoxin (PLTX)-like endogenous activator.

Transcriptional repression by HDAC3 mediates T cell exclusion from mutant lung tumors.

Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) function in vivo is nuanced and directed in a tissue-specific fashion. The importance of HDAC3 in mutant lung tumors has recently been identified, but HDAC3 function in this context remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified HDAC3 as a lung tumor cell-intrinsic transcriptional regulator of the tumor immune microenvironment.

History at the heart of medicine.

With a focus on the challenges of today and tomorrow in the critical medical humanities the role of history is often overlooked. Yet history and medicine are closely intertwined. Right now, with the surfacing of knotty problems such as changing demographics, chronic pain, loneliness and Long Covid - and the consequent necessity to change directions and policies - history seems more urgent than ever.

Interframe-tunable ultrafast differential-displacement holography.

We describe the details of a digital holographic microscopy diagnostic capable of quantifying both the topography and velocity of a km/s object with adjustable temporal sensitivity. This technique involves spatially multiplexing a double pulse reflected from a target with reference beams of precisely known temporal separation.

Substrate-Assisted Atomic Dispersion of Cobalt for Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts have recently attracted broad research interest due to their high atom efficiency and unique catalytic performance. In this study, atomic dispersion of cobalt is achieved using a chemical bath deposition method on a highly stable alkali titanate film (Ti/KTiO). These films were characterized using a variety of techniques, with atomic dispersion confirmed via grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio modeling of single-atom systems.

Underrepresented in medicine (URiM) residents: A scoping review on prevalence trends & improving recruitment.

Background: Disparities exist in underrepresented in medicine (URiM) resident representation. This review examines recent trends in resident diversity, URiM recruitment strategies, and identifies research gaps in equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) for URiM residents.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC databases were searched for studies published from 2017 to 2022 on URiM resident prevalence and recruitment initiatives.

Older Veterans' perspectives on participation in a clinical exercise program: A qualitative study of the VA Gerofit exercise program.

Objectives: We explored the perspectives of older veterans in Gerofit, a Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) supervised clinical exercise program, to understand the factors associated with participation and how the program supported personal health goals.

Methods: Twenty semistructured interviews were conducted with active and inactive Gerofit participants. We used a hybrid inductive and deductive approach to thematic analysis of transcripts, with the latter informed by the Health Action Process Approach model of behavior change.

Effects of Heteroatom Doping on the Electrochemical Hydrogen Uptake and Release of Pd-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide.

Heteroatom doping has been widely recognized as a key strategy for improving the electrochemical properties of graphene-based materials for hydrogen storage. However, a precise understanding of how heteroatom doping influences catalytic performance, specifically regarding the intricate effects of doping-induced electron redistribution, has been lacking. Here, we report on a comprehensive exploration of the electrochemical performance enhancement in Pd-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites through fluorine (F) or nitrogen (N) doping.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Associated With Influenza A and a Ground-Level Fall.

Our case involves a 92-year-old female who presented to the emergency department due to a ground-level fall and difficulty breathing. She was found to have influenza A, elevated troponin, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. However, cardiac catheterization did not reveal any coronary artery stenosis, supporting a diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC).

Influence of structural racism on cancer health disparities: Tailoring measures relevant to multiple myeloma.

This commentary highlights a need for comprehensive measures of structural racism tailored to cancer health disparities, in particular Black-White disparities in multiple myeloma (MM). Recent political and social calls and advances in the ability to quantitate structural racism have led to rapidly growing research on the health consequences of structural racism. However, to date, most studies have used unidimensional measures of structural racism that do not capture cumulative influences or enable the identification of factors most responsible for driving disparities.

Effect of metabolic status on response to SIV infection and antiretroviral therapy in nonhuman primates.

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens efficiently limit HIV replication, thereby improving the life expectancy of people living with HIV; however, they also cause metabolic side effects. The ongoing obesity epidemic has resulted in more people with metabolic comorbidities at the time of HIV infection, yet the effect of preexisting metabolic dysregulation on infection sequelae and response to ART is unclear. Here, to investigate the impact of preexisting obesity and insulin resistance on acute infection and subsequent long-term ART, we infected a cohort of lean and obese adult male macaques with SIV and administered ART.

PrEP Method Switching: Will it Yield Greater Coverage of HIV Protection? Applying Lessons Learned from Family Planning to Guide Future Research in the Context of PrEP Choice.

Purpose Of Review: Despite the growing availability of oral PrEP, coverage remains suboptimal. Through the introduction of additional PrEP methods, including vaginal rings and long-acting injectable formulations, health systems globally are on the cusp of offering PrEP methods that vary by route of administration, efficacy, and frequency of use. With PrEP choice, it will be important to explore PrEP use patterns to better understand how the ability to choose and switch products affects coverage and continuation.

What is disability history the history ?

This article has two connected aims. First, to contour the boundaries of modern disability history through outlining its development and second, to provide a new methodological agenda for disability history. The design model of disability has outlined an important new programme to integrate the social and medical models of disability by foregrounding materials.

Seed dispersal by Martu peoples promotes the distribution of native plants in arid Australia.

Commensal relationships between wild plants and their dispersers play a key ecological and evolutionary role in community structure and function. While non-human dispersers are often considered critical to plant recruitment, human dispersers have received much less attention, especially when it comes to non-domesticated plants. Australia, as a continent historically characterized by economies reliant on non-domesticated plants, is thus a key system for exploring the ecological role of people as seed dispersers in the absence of agriculture.

Improvement of the Upper Detection Limit of Ionophore-Based H-Selective Electrodes: Explanation and Elimination of Apparently Super-Nernstian Responses.

The response range of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) has been described by counterion interference at the lower and Donnan failure at the upper detection limit. This approach fails when the potentiometric response at the upper detection limit exhibits an apparently super-Nernstian response, as has been reported repeatedly for H-selective electrodes. While also observed when samples contain other anions, super-Nernstian responses at low pH are a problem in particular for samples that contain phthalate, a common component of commercial pH calibration solutions.

Who Invented the Possum? What Historians Can Learn from Disabled Innovation in Britain's Responaut Communities.

This article provides a new exploration of disabled innovation that transforms our understanding of collective contributions to the history of science and technology. It does so by showing how a user network galvanized individual inventions into disabled expertise by tracking the development of two technologies-the Selectascan/Possum and the adapted Loudspeaking Telephone. Hamraie and Fritsch's 2019 "Crip Technoscience Manifesto" defined "disabled expertise" by exploring how disabled technology modification has been devalued.

Psychological distress and PTSD among clinicians in Roma, Lesotho during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Since 2020, the world has been battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The mortality and morbidity at the height of the pandemic sparked generalised fear and uncertainty about the future. Concerns were raised about the psychological impact of the pandemic on workers in healthcare systems globally.

Learning from the End of the Public-Private Partnership for Lesotho's National Referral Hospital Network.

Background: Public-private partnerships (PPP) are one strategy to finance and deliver healthcare in lower-resourced settings. Lesotho's Queen 'Mamohato Memorial Hospital Integrated Network (QMMH-IN) was sub-Saharan Africa's first and largest integrated healthcare PPP.

Objective: We assessed successes and challenges to performance of the QMMH-IN PPP.

Face validity of the Kids' ITP Tools (KIT) in the era of thrombopoietin receptor agonists.

The Kids' ITP Tools (KIT) is a questionnaire to assess quality of life of children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The aim of this study was to update this previously validated tool to align with changes in clinical practice, specifically, treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). Children aged 1-18 with ITP and/or their families were recruited to participate in interviews to review the KIT.

Picturing the populations who could benefit from health insurance access expansions: An analysis of US health insurance television ads airing in 2018.

Efforts to expand access to health insurance in the United States are key to addressing health inequities and ensuring that all individuals have access to health care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Yet, attempts to expand public insurance programs, including Medicaid, continue to face opposition in state and federal policymaking. Limited policy success raises questions about the health insurance information environment and the extent that available information signals both available resources and the need for policy reform.

Pilot Trial of Streamlined Genetic Education and Traceback Genetic Testing in Prostate Cancer Survivors.

Background: Germline genetic testing is recommended for men with metastatic or high-risk prostate cancer to inform treatment and risk management for other cancers and inform genetic testing in at-risk relatives. However, relatively few patients with prostate cancer undergo genetic testing. Given the low rate of testing and increasing demands on genetic service providers, strategies are needed that reduce barriers to testing while conserving genetic counseling resources.

Larval T Cells Are Functionally Distinct from Adult T Cells in Xenopus laevis.

The amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpole provides a unique comparative experimental organism for investigating the roles of innate-like T (iT) cells in tolerogenic immunity during early development. Unlike mammals and adult frogs, where conventional T cells are dominant, tadpoles rely mostly on several prominent distinct subsets of iT cells interacting with cognate nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like molecules. In the present study, to investigate whole T cell responsiveness ontogenesis in X.