Phage shock protein and gene responses of Escherichia coli exposed to carbon nanotubes.

Two-dimensional electrophoretic, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of Escherichia coli cells exposed to pristine single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and hydroxyl and carboxylic functionalized SWCNTs (SWCNT-OHs and SWCNT-COOHs) were conducted. SWCNT concentration and length were experimental variables. Exposing E.

Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Apodemus spp. in Europe.

The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Apodemus spp. (striped field mouse, yellow-necked mouse and wood mouse) from 16 European countries was examined by PCR/sequencing of isolates from 437 animals.

Simultaneous bioprecipitation of cadmium to cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and nitrogen fixation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN110.

This study investigated the abilities of a purple non-sulfur bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN110 to bioremediate cadmium through the biosynthesis of CdS nanoparticles and to fix nitrogen simultaneously. Under microaerobic-light conditions, R. palustris TN110 synthesized CdS nanoparticles.

Anticoagulation risk assessment for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: A clinical review.

Non-valvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism anticoagulation risk assessment tools have been increasingly utilized to guide implementation and duration of anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulation significantly reduces stroke and recurrent venous thromboembolism risk, but comes at the cost of increased risk of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. The decision for anticoagulation in high-risk patients is complicated by the fact that many risk factors associated with increased thromboembolic risk are simultaneously associated with increased bleeding risk.

Health Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Wellness.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we discuss a new paradigm for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention that is focused on cultivating cardiovascular wellness through the promotion of "health factors."

Recent Findings: Cardiovascular prevention efforts have contributed to falling rates of ASCVD over the past five decades. However, contemporary increases in obesity and diabetes have led to a recent slowing in the annual decline of ASCVD death rates.

Experimental Infection Acquired from Fermented Meat Products.

This study describes the prevalence and concentration of spores in pork meat and evaluates the effect of sausage fermentation on infectivity for immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficient) and immunocompetent (BALB/c and C57BL/6) mice. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, genotype II was detected in the meat from 2 out of 50 pig carcasses at slaughter facilities, with 60-250 spores per gram detected by quantitative PCR. Under experimental conditions, 3000 genotype II spores per gram of meat remained infective for mice following fermentation at 24°C for 48 h.

Clinician's Guide to the Updated ABCs of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Review Part 2.

Efforts to better control risk factors for cardiovascular disease and prevent the development of subsequent cardiovascular events are crucial to maintaining healthy populations. In today's busy practice environment and with the overwhelming pace of new research findings, ensuring appropriate emphasis and implementation of evidence-based preventive cardiovascular care can be challenging. The ABCDEF approach to cardiovascular disease prevention is intended to improve dissemination of contemporary best practices and ease the implementation of comprehensive preventive strategies for clinicians.

Clinician's Guide to the Updated ABCs of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Review Part 1.

Efforts to better control risk factors for cardiovascular disease and prevent the development of subsequent events are crucial to maintaining healthy populations. In today's busy practice environment and with the overwhelming pace of new research findings, ensuring appropriate emphasis and implementation of evidence-based preventive cardiovascular care can be challenging. The ABCDEF approach to cardiovascular disease prevention is intended to improve dissemination of contemporary best practices and facilitate the implementation of comprehensive preventive strategies for clinicians.

Characterizing Treatment Effects of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia: Additional Results From the KINECT 3 Study.

Background: In the KINECT 3 (NCT02274558; October 2014 to September 2015) study, valbenazine efficacy in tardive dyskinesia (TD) was demonstrated based on mean changes from baseline in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) total score (sum of items 1-7). Data from this study were analyzed further to provide a more clinically meaningful interpretation of the primary AIMS results.

Methods: The study included adults who had a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or any mood disorder and also met DSM-IV criteria for neuroleptic-induced TD.

The effects of dry needling and radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on latent trigger point sensitivity in the quadriceps: A randomised control pilot study.

Objectives: Latent myofascial trigger points (TrP) can alter joint kinematics, reduce strength and alter activation patterns, affecting athletic performance. TrP sensitivity can be measured with the pressure pain threshold (PPT). Dry needling (DN) has been used to treat latent TrPs, but may cause post-needling soreness.

Implications of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline in a Modern Primary Prevention Multi-Ethnic Prospective Cohort (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

The American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physician did not endorse the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guidelines citing multiple concerns. We assessed the increase in antihypertensive medication eligibility introduced by the 2017 hypertension guideline and the risk profile of those newly eligible for blood pressure medication using participants from the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The antihypertensive medication eligibility criteria of the Joint National Commission (JNC) VII, JNC VIII, and the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines were applied to the cohort and the risk profile of those newly eligible was compared with those ineligible for antihypertensive medication under the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis.

The burden of tardive dyskinesia secondary to antipsychotic medication use among patients with mental disorders.

To assess the impact of developing tardive dyskinesia (TD), both with and without other pre-existing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), on healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among patients with mental disorders receiving antipsychotic medications. Data on patients receiving antipsychotics who had schizophrenia, major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder were extracted from a Medicaid claims database. Separate cohorts of TD patients with and without other EPS ("TD + EPS" and "TD non-EPS") were constructed and matched to patients in a non-TD/EPS control cohort at a ∼1:5 ratio.

Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications.

Objective: To investigate subgroup responses to long-acting injectable (LAI) medications haloperidol decanoate (HD) and paliperidone palmitate (PP) in a randomized controlled trial that found no difference between the treatments on the primary outcome of efficacy failure.

Methods: A Comparison of Long-Acting Injectable Medications for Schizophrenia (ACLAIMS) enrolled 311 participants from March 2011 to July 2013 meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at risk of relapse due to medication nonadherence or substance abuse. Participants were randomly assigned to double-blinded treatment with HD or PP and followed for up to 2 years.

Two-electron redox chemistry of -nitro- and -cyanobenzene diazohydroxides.

The electrochemistry of aryl diazonium salts is usually dominated by one-electron reduction, loss of dinitrogen, and the grafting of aryl radicals onto the electrode. In contrast, -nitro- and -cyanobenzene diazonium salts dissolved in mixed aqueous-acetonitrile solvents showed diffusion-limited, quasi-reversible, two-electron cyclic voltammetry. Voltammetric pH-dependence and spectrophotometric kinetic studies suggest that the basicity and low polarity of the aqueous solvent mixture has revealed the biologically-significant interconversion of diazohydroxide and diazene.

Ingestion of plastic by fish: A comparison of Thames Estuary and Firth of Clyde populations.

This study compared plastic ingestion between pelagic and benthic fish populations from two UK watersheds: the Thames Estuary and the Firth of Clyde. The alimentary canals of 876 individuals were examined. Of twenty-one estuarine species investigated, fourteen ingested plastics, including predator (fish) and prey (shrimp) species.

Relation of Elevated Resting Heart Rate in Mid-Life to Cognitive Decline Over 20 Years (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] Study).

Resting heart rate (RHR) is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We determined whether RHR, measured in mid-life, is also associated with cognitive decline. We studied 13,720 middle-aged white and black ARIC participants without a history of stroke or atrial fibrillation.

Inverse association of pulse pressure augmentation during exercise with heart failure and death.

Objective: Resting pulse pressure (PP) is a risk factor for heart failure (HF); however, whether PP augmentation during exercise, a parameter easily obtained from routine treadmill stress testing, is associated with incident HF is unknown. Thus, we aimed to study the relationship between a novel parameter, the pulse pressure stress index (P2SI), and adverse outcomes among adults undergoing clinical exercise stress testing in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project.

Methods: The P2SI was calculated as PP at peak exercise divided by resting PP and was analysed continuously and categorically using quartiles.

The prognostic value of interleukin 6 in multiple chronic diseases and all-cause death: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background And Aims: We aimed to evaluate the associations and prognostic value of interleukin-6 (IL6) for the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, heart failure (HF), and other chronic diseases in a large, multi-ethnic, contemporary population.

Methods: We included 6617 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (5640 non-users, 977 users of statins at baseline). Main outcomes were hard ASCVD events and HF; secondary outcomes included all-cause death, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and cancer.

Questioning Style and Pimping in Clinical Education: A Quantitative Score Derived from a Survey of Internal Medicine Teaching Faculty.

Unlabelled: Construct: Pimping is a controversial pedagogical technique in medicine, and there is a tension between pimping being considered as "value adding" in some circumstances versus always unacceptable. Consequently, faculty differ in their attitudes toward pimping, and such differences may be measurable and used to inform future research regarding the impact of pimping on learner outcomes.

Background: Despite renewed attention in medical education on creating a supportive learning environment, there is a dearth of prior research on pimping.

Dangers of Overly Aggressive Blood Pressure Control.

Purpose Of Review: Recent US guidelines have changed the definition of hypertension to ≥ 130/80 mmHg and recommended more intense blood pressure (BP) targets. We summarize the evidence for intense BP treatment and discuss risks that must be considered when choosing treatment goals for individual patients.

Recent Findings: The SPRINT study reported that treating to a systolic BP target of 120 mmHg reduces cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk individuals, supporting more intensive BP reduction than previously recommended.

Coronary artery calcium and carotid artery intima-media thickness for the prediction of stroke and benefit from statins.

Background: Current guidelines suggest treatment for many individuals who may never develop a stroke. We hypothesized that a combination of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (C IMT) data could better individualize risk assessment for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack events.

Methods: A total of 4720 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.

Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Rhabdomyosarcoma through Integrated Genomic, Epigenomic, and Proteomic Analyses.

Personalized cancer therapy targeting somatic mutations in patient tumors is increasingly being incorporated into practice. Other therapeutic vulnerabilities resulting from changes in gene expression due to tumor specific epigenetic perturbations are progressively being recognized. These genomic and epigenomic changes are ultimately manifest in the tumor proteome and phosphoproteome.

Communication issues in nutritional observational research.

Observational epidemiological studies involving foods and nutrients often attract great attention from both the press and the public as they involve substances that are part of the daily lives of millions of individuals. In the digital era, findings of this research can be disseminated to very large audiences almost instantaneously, informing health beliefs and potentially triggering lifestyle changes. In this context, communication of results from observational nutritional epidemiology often involves specific issues that may limit the accuracy of the information ultimately being delivered to the public.