Successful renal transplantation in children with posterior urethral valves.

Purpose: The treatment of children with posterior urethral valve (PUV) and end-stage renal disease can be challenging. Some series have had poor outcomes after renal transplantation with an increased risk of graft dysfunction and urinary tract infections. We present our experience with a pediatric population and compare it to all the other pediatric renal transplants done at our institution.

Hypertension and progression of chronic renal insufficiency in children: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS).

Hypertension frequently complicates the course of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in children. This study sought to define the role of hypertension in progression of CRI in children by using the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) CRI database. The study cohort consisted of 3834 patients aged 2 to 17 yr with an estimated GFR (eGFR) View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lower urinary tract reconstruction is safe and effective in children with end stage renal disease.

Purpose: Congenital urinary tract anomalies with bladder dysfunction pose a formidable management challenge in children with end stage renal disease (ESRD). We report a series of patients with ESRD who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction to assess the results and surgical complications.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with ESRD who underwent urinary reconstruction.

Early posttransplantation hypertension and poor long-term renal allograft survival in pediatric patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early hypertension on long-term allograft survival in children with kidney transplantation.

Study Design: Data from a total of 159 patients (mean age, 12.8+/-4.

Body mass index and allograft function in pediatric renal transplantation.

Recent studies indicate that pre-transplant (Tx) obesity and increased body mass index (BMI) after renal Tx in adults are associated with decreased long-term renal allograft survival. This study examined whether obesity prior to renal Tx or the development of obesity within the 1st year after Tx in children is associated with worse allograft function at 1 year post Tx. This is a retrospective review of medical records from 76 pediatric renal allograft recipients between January 1994 and December 2000.

Post-biopsy renal arteriovenous fistula.

A 6-yr-old boy developed progressively severe hypertension, which was unresponsive to medications, 1 week after percutaneous biopsy of his renal transplant. Renal angiogram revealed an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the lower pole at the site of the biopsy. Case findings and resolution after embolization are described, and the current literature is briefly reviewed.

Short-term pediatric renal transplant survival: blood pressure and allograft function.

Hypertension is prevalent after renal transplantation (Tx) and associated with graft failure in children and adults. However, the effect of blood pressure (BP) on short-term renal allograft function is uncertain. We assessed the associations among BP pretransplant, and 3 months and 1 yr post-transplant, and 1-yr post-transplant measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in 61 children with a functioning graft.

Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is linked to chromosome 12p13.

Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is an inherited disorder of isolated renal phosphate wasting, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. We performed a genome-wide linkage study in a large kindred to determine the chromosome location of the ADHR gene. Two-point LOD scores indicate that the gene is linked to the markers D12S314 [Z(theta) = 3.

Factors influencing short-term and long-term pediatric renal transplant survival.

Objective: To determine the patient and donor characteristics important for short-term and long-term renal transplant survival at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

Methods: Cumulative transplant survival was calculated and univariate analysis of graft survival performed on 206 transplants done since 1970 in 148 pediatric patients. Grafts to black recipients were analyzed separately.

Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia: clinical characterization of a novel renal phosphate-wasting disorder.

Renal phosphate-wasting disorders are the most common form of hereditary rickets and osteomalacia in western countries. Although autosomal dominant transmission of renal phosphate wasting has been described, previous studies included too few affected individuals to adequately characterize the disorder. We performed clinical and biochemical evaluations of individuals from a large kindred with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.

Renal allograft survival according to primary diagnosis: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.

The data base of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) was used to examine the effect of primary diagnosis on the outcome of renal transplantation in children. The relative risk of graft failure for eight diagnostic groups was determined, with patients with congenital and structural anomalies of the urinary tract serving as the reference group. Covariate analysis was used to control for the effects of age, race and transfusion history in recipients of living-related donor kidneys, and for age, donor age, antilymphocyte prophylaxis, prior transplantation, prior dialysis and cold ischemia time in recipients of cadaver kidneys.

A prospective, double-blind study of growth failure in children with chronic renal insufficiency and the effectiveness of treatment with calcitriol versus dihydrotachysterol. The Growth Failure in Children with Renal Diseases Investigators.

Because controlled trials in adults have shown accelerated deterioration of renal function in a small number of patients receiving calcitriol for renal osteodystrophy, we initiated a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of the use of calcitriol versus dihydrotachysterol in children with chronic renal insufficiency. We studied children aged 1 1/2 through 10 years, with a calculated glomerular filtration rate between 20 and 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and with elevated serum parathyroid hormone concentrations.

Renal transplantation in children and adolescents: the 1992 annual report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.

From January 1987 to January 1992 the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study registered and followed 2,037 children and adolescents 17 years of age or less who received 2,197 renal transplants at 75 participating centers in the United States and Canada. The cumulative experience over 5 years of data collection demonstrated trends in renal transplantation practice for pediatric patients. The percentage of live donor organ recipients receiving donor-specific blood transfusions decreased from 40% in 1987 to less than 12% in 1991; random blood transfusions also were used less frequently during the most recent 2 years of the study.

Development of a high-precision continuous extracorporeal hemodiafiltration system.

A high-precision hemofiltration system appropriate for use in neonatal, pediatric, or adult patients has been developed. The system incorporates computer-monitored and -regulated pumps for control of blood, dialysate, and drain solutions and weighing scales for measurement of fluid infused into and removed from the patient. The overall accuracy of the fluid infusion and withdrawal is +/- 3.

Renal transplantation in children. A report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.

Background: Previous studies of renal transplantation in children have focused on the survival of grafts and patients. Little information is available about the cause of renal disease, the sources of donated organs, or children's growth after transplantation. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study was organized to identify the diseases that require transplantation and to analyze factors that affect the success of transplantation in children.

Does human lymphocyte antigen matching improve the outcome in pediatric renal transplants?

Adult studies have shown a high renal graft survival if the donor and recipient match for each antigen of the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A, B and DR loci (six-antigen match). The 4 yr of data from the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study Registry show a statistically beneficial effect of DR matching for cadaver graft outcome. No antigen matching clearly has a worse outcome, 72% at 1 yr versus those with one or more antigen matching at each loci with a 1-yr graft survival of 81% and 2-yr graft survival of 69%.

Prolonged reversible renal failure with nephrotic syndrome.

Steroid nonresponsive nephrotic syndrome in a 15-year-old girl with reversible renal failure required dialysis and aggressive nutritional therapy for 1 year. Severe interstitial edema and foot process fusion were the only processes identified to explain the renal failure. Diabetes-like alterations of the glomerular capillary wall basement membrane may have been an outcome of the intense alimentation.

The 1989 report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study.

This report of the North American Pediatric Transplant Cooperative Study summarizes data contributed by 57 participating centers on 754 children with 761 transplants from 1 January 1989 to 16 February 1989. Data collection was initiated in October 1987 and follow-up of all patients is ongoing. Transplant frequency increased with age; 24% of the patients were less than 5 years, with 7% being under 2 years.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: the Cincinnati experience--cumulative renal survival from 1957 to 1989.

Seventy-six children with idiopathic MPGN have been followed at this medical center since 1957 (mean 10.6 years of disease). Seventy-one of the children have been treated with a regimen of prednisone (mean 7.

Serum osteocalcin concentrations in children with chronic renal insufficiency who are not undergoing dialysis. Growth Failure in Children with Renal Diseases Study.

This report describes the serum osteocalcin values in children with mild to moderate, but relatively stable, renal dysfunction followed in the Growth Failure in Children With Renal Diseases Study. This report is derived from data obtained during the control period (6 months) before the initiation of vitamin D therapy. Up to three measurements per patient were obtained.

Linear growth and anthropometric and nutritional measurements in children with mild to moderate renal insufficiency: a report of the Growth Failure in Children with Renal Diseases Study.

During the control period of the Growth Failure in Children With Renal Diseases Study, investigators at 23 centers were able to observe and characterize growth and to make anthropometric and nutritional measurements in 82 children with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. As a multicenter, controlled clinical trial designed to study the relative efficacy of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dihydrotachysterol in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy, no prior vitamin D exposure and a creatinine clearance of 25 to 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 were criteria for entrance into the clinical trial.