Laue-DIALS: Open-source software for polychromatic x-ray diffraction data.

Most x-ray sources are inherently polychromatic. Polychromatic ("pink") x-rays provide an efficient way to conduct diffraction experiments as many more photons can be used and large regions of reciprocal space can be probed without sample rotation during exposure-ideal conditions for time-resolved applications. Analysis of such data is complicated, however, causing most x-ray facilities to discard >99% of x-ray photons to obtain monochromatic data.

Laue-DIALS: open-source software for polychromatic X-ray diffraction data.

Most X-ray sources are inherently polychromatic. Polychromatic ("pink") X-rays provide an efficient way to conduct diffraction experiments as many more photons can be used and large regions of reciprocal space can be probed without sample rotation during exposure-ideal conditions for time-resolved applications. Analysis of such data is complicated, however, causing most X-ray facilities to discard >99% of X-ray photons to obtain monochromatic data.

A user-inspired mobility experience of the future: a qualitative investigation.

Wheelchair users (WCUs) face additional challenges than non-WCU to multi-tasking (i.e. open doors, cook, use a cell-phone) while navigating their environments.

The impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable disease patients in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review.

Background: COVID-19 and its prevention measures have had a significant impact on patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by disrupting routine healthcare service and increasing risk factors. These challenges were expected to be more severe in sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of physical infrastructure and inadequate resources. The quantity of studies conducted was limited, and there was a lack of published systematic reviews in the specified region.

Anxious youth and adults share threat-biased interpretations of linguistic and visual ambiguity: A proof of concept study.

Interpretation bias, or the threatening appraisal of ambiguous information, has been linked to anxiety disorder. Interpretation bias has been demonstrated for linguistic (e.g.

Noradrenaline-induced changes in cerebral blood flow in health, traumatic brain injury and critical illness: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Noradrenaline is a standard treatment for hypotension in acute care. The precise effects of noradrenaline on cerebral blood flow in health and disease remain unclear.

Methods: We systematically reviewed and synthesised data from studies examining changes in cerebral blood flow in healthy participants and patients with traumatic brain injury and critical illness.

Demonstrating the Hallmarks of Gynecologic Malignancies by Translating Radiation Therapy Theory to Clinical Practice: A Student and Mentor Perspective.

A radiation therapist (RTT) is a key member of the radiation oncology team responsible for delivering radiation and providing direct patient care to individuals undergoing cancer treatment. Stony Brook University's School of Health Professions, in collaboration with Mount Sinai Health System's Department of Radiation Oncology, offers a unique RTT Program structure: a 4-year baccalaureate degree followed by a 12-month clinical non-credit, non-degree certificate. The RTT Program embeds concepts such as the theory of gynecologic malignancies, introduced in the didactic setting and mastered in the clinical environment.

Effects of phenylephrine on systemic and cerebral circulations in humans: a systematic review with mechanistic explanations.

We conducted a systematic review of the literature reporting phenylephrine-induced changes in blood pressure, cardiac output, cerebral blood flow and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in humans. We used the proportion change of the group mean values reported by the original studies in our analysis. Phenylephrine elevates blood pressure whilst concurrently inducing a reduction in cardiac output.

Investigation of Needle Characteristics Using an Animal Model for Improved Outcomes in Anterior Chamber Paracentesis.

The current standard of care to perform an anterior chamber paracentesis involves the use of a multipurpose market needle and syringe. The use of standard needles for this purpose may result in injury to the patient due to increased force with insertion and increased globe displacement during the procedure. This research investigates the current market needle characteristics and the impact of each needle characteristic on force.

The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences on People in Opiate Agonist Treatment: The Importance of Feeling Unloved.

Introduction: Adults in opiate agonist treatment (OAT) often have a background of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and are more likely to be exposed to a variety of risks that may trigger post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Summative ACE scores are often used to identify individuals at risk of PTSD and continued substance use. What has not been addressed is whether specific ACE factors are exerting a greater influence on the individual.

Acetylcholine modulates the temporal dynamics of human theta oscillations during memory.

The cholinergic system is essential for memory. While degradation of cholinergic pathways characterizes memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, the neurophysiological mechanisms linking the cholinergic system to human memory remain unknown. Here, combining intracranial brain recordings with pharmacological manipulation, we describe the neurophysiological effects of a cholinergic blocker, scopolamine, on the human hippocampal formation during episodic memory.

A prospective randomized study examining the impact of intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia on postoperative cognitive decline and delirium.

The present prospective randomized study was designed to investigate whether the development of Post Operative Cognitive Decline (POCD) is related to anesthesia type in older adults. All patients were screened for delirium and mental status, received baseline neuropsychological assessment, and evaluation of activities of daily living (ADLs). Follow-up assessments were performed at 3-6 months and 12-18 months.

An Environmental Scan of Advanced Practice Radiation Therapy in the United States: A PESTEL Analysis.

Purpose: In 2021, the Advanced Practice Radiation Therapy Working Group (APRTWG) was established in the United States as a grassroots alliance of multidisciplinary radiation oncology professionals-radiation therapists, physicians, dosimetrists, and administrators-located across the country, interested in studying and establishing the Advanced Practice Radiation Therapist (APRT) level of practice in the United States. The APRT model has shown success in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Singapore, and other countries, documenting the value of the APRT to the quality and advancement of clinical care. In the United States, the APRTWG seeks to coordinate activities, align resources, and drive the national agenda to collectively develop and define novel models of care using APRT in line with the evolving needs of patients and the radiation therapy profession.

Review of assistive devices for the prevention of pressure ulcers: an engineering perspective.

Purpose: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are prevalent among immobile bed or wheelchair-reliant individuals who experience prolonged sedentary positions. Pressure relief and frequent repositioning of body posture help to mitigate complications associated with PUs. Adherence with regular repositioning is difficult to maintain due to nursing labour shortages or constraints of in-home caregivers.

The effects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral vessel diameter and flow velocity.

Background: Transcranial Doppler flow velocity is used to monitor for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Generally, blood flow velocities appear inversely related to the square of vessel diameter representing local fluid dynamics. However, studies of flow velocity-diameter relationships are few, and may identify vessels for which diameter changes are better correlated with Doppler velocity.

Comparison of Bispectral Index Monitor Data Between Standard Frontal-Temporal Position and Alternative Nasal Dorsum Position in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The Bispectral (BIS) monitor is a validated, noninvasive monitor placed over the forehead to titrate sedation in patients under general anesthesia in the operating room. In the neurocritical care unit, there is limited room on the forehead because of incisions, injuries, and other monitoring devices. This is a pilot study to determine whether a BIS nasal montage correlates to the standard frontal-temporal data in this patient population.

DIALS as a toolkit.

The DIALS software for the processing of X-ray diffraction data is presented, with an emphasis on how the suite may be used as a toolkit for data processing. The description starts with an overview of the history and intent of the toolkit, usage as an automated system, command-line use, and ultimately how new tools can be written using the API to perform bespoke analysis. Consideration is also made to the application of DIALS to techniques outside of macromolecular X-ray crystallography.

Exploring opportunities & pathways for advanced practice radiation therapy roles in the United States.

The evolution of practice of Radiation Therapy in the United States (U.S.) is inevitable.

Separate and Unequal: A Time to Reimagine Dementia.

The rapid emergence of COVID-19 has had far-reaching effects across all sectors of health and social care, but none more so than for residential long-term care homes. Mortality rates of older people with dementia in residential long-term care homes have been exponentially higher than the general public. Morbidity rates are also higher in these homes with the effects of government-imposed COVID-19 public health directives (e.

Comparison of the effect of epidural versus intravenous patient controlled analgesia on inpatient and outpatient functional outcomes after adult degenerative scoliosis surgery: a comparative study.

Background: Perioperative pain can negatively impact patient recovery after spine surgery and be a contributing factor to increased hospital length of stay and cost. Most data currently available is extrapolated from adolescent idiopathic cases and may not apply to adult and geriatric populations with thoracolumbar spine degeneration.

Purpose: Study the impact of epidural analgesia on pain control and outcomes after adult degenerative scoliosis surgery in a large single-institution series of adult patients undergoing thoraco-lumbar-pelvic fusion.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Reduces Postoperative Opioid Use and 90-Day Readmission Rates After Open Thoracolumbar Fusion for Adult Degenerative Deformity.

Background: The role of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways implementation has not been previously explored in adult deformity patients.

Objective: To determine the impact of ERAS pathways implementation in adult patients undergoing open thoraco-lumbar-pelvic fusion for degenerative scoliosis on postoperative outcome, opioid consumption, and unplanned readmission rates.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we included 124 consecutive patients who underwent open thoraco-lumbar-pelvic fusion from October 2016 to February 2019 for degenerative scoliosis.

Intravenous vs oral acetaminophen in sinus surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Multimodal perioperative analgesia including acetaminophen is recommended by current guidelines. The comparative efficacy of intravenous vs oral acetaminophen in sinus surgery is unknown. We aimed to determine whether intravenous or oral acetaminophen results in superior postoperative analgesia following sinus surgery.

Temporary Transvenous Diaphragmatic Neurostimulation in Prolonged Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Feasibility Trial (RESCUE 1).

Unlabelled: Prolonged mechanical ventilation promotes diaphragmatic atrophy and weaning difficulty. The study uses a novel device containing a transvenous phrenic nerve stimulating catheter (Lungpacer IntraVenous Electrode Catheter) to stimulate the diaphragm in ventilated patients. We set out to determine the feasibility of temporary transvenous diaphragmatic neurostimulation using this device.