Rehabilitation of Patients Following Autogenic Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone ACL Reconstruction: A 20-Year Perspective.

Rehabilitation of patients following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has undergone remarkable improvements over the past two decades. During this time, ACL research has been at the forefront of many orthopaedic and sports physical therapy clinics. With over 20 years of ACL rehabilitation experience (senior author) and prior collaboration with accelerated ACL rehabilitation pioneer K.

Histologic types of benign breast disease and the risk for breast cancer. The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study Group.

Specific histologic types of benign breast disease (BBD) may increase breast cancer risk. The authors analyzed data from a population-based, case-control study of women aged 20 to 54 with newly diagnosed breast cancer and control subjects randomly selected from the general population. A panel of pathologists classified the histologic findings of biopsy slides for 433 women with breast cancer and 261 control subjects, all of whom had a history of biopsy for BBD, as to the presence of epithelial hyperplasia, atypia, and other histologic features.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.

Pleomorphic adenomas of the breast (PAB) are uncommon tumors. We studied the clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of PAB, seven of which were assessed immunohistochemically. Nine patients were women, with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years.

Microglandular adenosis of the breast. An immunohistochemical comparison with tubular carcinoma.

Microglandular adenosis (MA) of the breast is a benign, disorganized proliferation of glands lined by a single layer of cells. As such, differential diagnosis between MA and tubular carcinoma may be challenging in selected cases. A panel of antibodies was applied to 10 cases of MA and 10 of tubular carcinoma to investigate the potential benefit of immunohistochemistry in the separation of these lesions and the possible role of myoepithelial cells in MA.

Carcinoma arising within fibroadenomas of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 105 patients.

The authors report the clinicopathologic features of 105 carcinomas arising within fibroadenomas (FAs) of the breast. The mean age of the patients was 44 years. The presentation and gross characteristics of these tumors rarely differed from those of uncomplicated FAs.

Carcinoma within fibroadenomas: mammographic features.

The mammographic features of carcinoma originating within a fibroadenoma in 24 patients were studied by means of retrospective review of pathologic slides. Histologic examination showed that the lesions were lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (seven patients), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (13 patients), synchronous LCIS and invasive lobular carcinoma (one patient), and synchronous LCIS and DCIS (three patients). In all patients the mammographic manifestation was a mass 1.

Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of breast diseases.

Immunohistochemical techniques provide previously unavailable information about the composition of breast lesions. These data must be evaluated in the pathologic context and must not be used to support a diagnosis inconsistent with the morphological appearance. In the diagnosis of breast lesions, we have found immunohistochemistry of most use in classifying poorly differentiated and spindle-cell tumors.

Flow cytometric analysis of breast needle aspirates.

This study investigated two hypotheses: (1) sufficient cells may be obtained by needle aspiration of breast nodules to produce good flow cytometric DNA profiles; and (2) benign breast lesions do not produce aneuploid G0G1 peaks, and therefore a distinct aneuploid peak is sufficient for a diagnosis of malignancy. Breast specimens received in Surgical Pathology between December 1985 and February 1987 were aspirated, and the cells stained with propidium iodide for flow cytometric DNA analysis. A total of 344 specimens were aspirated, of which 204 (59%) were malignant and 140 (41%) benign.

Heterogeneity in the production of collagens and fibronectin by morphologically distinct clones of a human tumor cell line: evidence for intratumoral diversity in matrix protein biosynthesis.

Recent studies of murine tumor models and certain human tumor cell lines have provided evidence for intratumor heterogeneity in expression of extracellular matrix receptors and in the elaboration of matrix-degrading enzymes. However, little is known about possible intratumoral heterogeneity in the production of matrix macromolecules. We have, therefore, examined the biosynthesis and secretion of matrix proteins by cells derived from a polyclonal human cell line (JH-17) established from a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung.

Reliability and stability of the thymidine labeling index of breast carcinoma.

We have approached the question of the reliability of the thymidine labeling index (TLI) of breast carcinoma by comparing paired samples. Because the distribution of the TLI is approximately lognormal, comparisons were made after transformation to the natural logarithm. For 38 paired samples from the primary carcinoma (biopsy versus residual tumor in mastectomy specimen), r, 0.

A proposed classification of breast cancer based on kinetic information: derived from a comparison of risk factors in 168 primary operable breast cancers.

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 168 consecutive primary operable breast cancers and the results correlated with thymidine labeling, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor values, and various histologic parameters. Seventy-five cancers (45.0%) were diploid and 93 (55.

Breast carcinoma cell kinetics, morphology, stage, and host characteristics. A thymidine labeling study.

The thymidine labeling index (TLI) was measured in 757 primary, invasive breast carcinomas in women by an in vitro method that achieved intense labeling of S-phase cells. The frequency distribution of the TLI was positively skewed but could be normalized by taking logarithms. The mode was 2%; median, 5.

Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer: Southwest Oncology Group studies.

The Southwest Oncology Group has conducted a series of randomized studies of adjuvant therapy in patients with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. The first study, during which combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) administered for 1 year was compared with single agent therapy with melphalan (L-PAM) for 2 years, was activated in 1975 and closed in 1978. Of the 366 patients who were eligible, 191 received L-PAM and 175 were given CMFVP.

Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with positive axillary nodes designed according to estrogen receptor status.

This is a preliminary report of the Southwest Oncology Group--Adjuvant Therapy in Operative Breast Cancer with Positive Axillary Nodes--in which therapy is randomized by estrogen receptor (ER) data. ER--patients receive either 1 or 2 years of CMFVP. The ER + group receive CMFVP for 1 year and/or hormonal therapy.

Short-term cryopreservation of human breast carcinoma cells for flow cytometry.

A procedure is described for short-term cryopreservation of primary human tumor cells and tissue slices for later analysis by flow cytometry. Cells were mechanically dispersed into a freezing medium, which was then frozen at either -20 degrees C or -70 degrees C for delayed cell cycle analysis. The results show that a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.

Heterogeneity of breast carcinomas determined by flow cytometric analysis.

Eight cases of primary breast carcinoma were studied for evidence of heterogeneity by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining of DNA. Tumors ranged from 2.5 to 8.

A comparison of human breast cancer cell kinetics measured by flow cytometry and thymidine labeling.

Flow cytometric determination of tumor ploidy and S-phase fraction following collagenase dissociation and thymidine labeling was performed on 75 consecutive breast cancers. Estrogen and progesterone receptor levels and routine histologic examination also were obtained on each tumor. Cell viability following collagenase dissociation varied from 13 to 95% with a mean of 71%.

A method for dissociation of viable human breast cancer cells that produces flow cytometric kinetic information similar to that obtained by thymidine labeling.

Collagenase dissociation, performed on 40 human breast cancers, yielded between 1 million and 50 million cells from less than 1 g of tissue from each tumor. Approximately 60% of cells (mean) was considered viable as judged by trypan blue exclusion and phase microscopy. On subsequent flow cytometric analysis, 20 cancers (50%) were considered diploid, three were tetraploid, and the remainder, hyperdiploid.

DNA flow cytometry of breast carcinoma after acetic-acid fixation.

Aqueous acetic acid was used to fix and store specimens of tissue prior to dissociation into nuclear suspensions for flow cytometric quantitation of DNA. The optimum concentration was 20 volumes of glacial acetic acid in 80 volumes of distilled water. Both neoplastic and benign nuclei were easily released from the fixed tissue blocks by slicing and shaking.

Practical breast carcinoma cell kinetics: review and update.

The S-phase fraction (SP) measured by flow cytometry of DNA and the thymidine labeling index (TLI) measured autoradiographically indicate the proportion of carcinoma cells currently synthesizing DNA and reflect the rate of proliferation. The TLI and SPF are lognormally distributed. The median TLI performed to maximize precursor uptake is near 5% (5 labeled carcinoma cells per 100) the mean near 7%, and the range from less than 1% to near 40%.

Breast cancer multicentricity.

The reported incidence of breast cancer multicentricity has varied depending on the methods selected for sampling the apparently uninvolved portion of the breast, the distance a second cancer must be from the first cancer in order for it to be considered multicentric, and whether or not in situ carcinomas are included in calculations of multicentricity. In addition, the incidence of multicentricity may depend to some extent on the pathological stage and other histological characteristics of the primary index cancer. Bearing these various considerations in mind, one may estimate the overall rate of breast cancer multicentricity to be in the range of 25-50%.

Tubular carcinoma of the breast. Clinical and pathological observations concerning 135 cases.

Clinical and pathological features of 135 tubular carcinomas are discussed. Tumor size varied from 0.2 to 2.

Proliferative fasciitis: ultrastructural study of two cases.

Two cases of proliferative fasciitis were studied by light and electron microscopy. The light microscopic features appear to be identical to those of proliferative myositis. Ultrastructural features include numerous cytoplasmic thin filaments, with occasional dense bodies, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and cellular membrane-based vesicles.

Primary fenal angiosarcoma: a case report.

A 67 year old white male presented with a two week history of mild hematuria and flank pain. Various radiologic studies demonstrated a vascular mass in the right kidney. At nephrectomy a large renal angiosarcoma with fixation to the liver and multiple pulmonary metastases was found.