Adolescent smoking intentions: gender differences in peer context.

Despite widespread interest in adolescent smoking behavior, little research has been directed to the social dynamics of adolescent smoking. In this paper, smoking intentions and peer group influences among a sample of 1,689 Grade 8 students from southern Ontario were analyzed to ascertain possible gender-specific correlates in adolescent smoking intentions. The peer environment was found to be a crucial factor in adolescent smoking behavior.

Family-of-origin work and family therapy skills training: both-and.

Since the inception of field, theoreticians and teachers of family therapy have advocated for either problem-solving, skill-based training, or transgenerational training that emphasizes the therapist's own family-of-origin work. This article proposes an end to these polarized positions and argues for both-and, that is, a model of training that integrates the trainee's own family-of-origin work with live supervision and skills training. A family-of-origin curriculum designed for this purpose is described.

The frog prince: tale and toxicology.

Bufotenin is a substance present in the skin of some common species of frogs, and its ingestion (such as would occur in licking or kissing a frog) can result in vivid hallucinations. This biological property offers an explanation for the portrayal of frogs in folklore as creatures of transformation, or as intermediaries with other worlds.

Treating Somatic Fixation: A Biopsychosocial Approach: When patients express emotions with physical symptoms.

Somatic fixation occurs when the patient or physician focuses exclusively on the biomedical aspects of a complex illness. Individual, family, and cultural factors promote the expression of emotional experience through physical symptoms. The physician or treatment team establishes a collaborative relationship with the patient and family, integrating biomedical and psychosocial evaluations and respecting the patient's defenses.

Using a family systems approach in a balint-style group: an innovative course for continuing medical education.

Primary care physicians provide access and continuity of care to difficult patients and their families. Optimal medical management may be jeopardized by the emotional responses of physicians caring for such patients. These responses may pose moral dilemmas for the physician, who may be reluctant to treat these patients.

[Women in Canada's aging society: a feminist perspective].

Demographic aging in Canada is explored as an issue of particular concern to women. "The challenges of population aging, in many ways, are inseparable from women's issues. Women, as the largest group of elderly, have different physical, social, and economic needs than men.

Peer group influence as a factor in smoking behavior of adolescents.

Adolescents, as the fastest growing group of smokers, have been a focus and concern of health educators and researchers. Adolescent smoking is of particular interest because initiation and early habits are known to have important implications for lifetime smoking or cessation. Despite the well-known centrality of the peer group in adolescent behavior, smoking cessation programs have been largely directed toward individuals rather than groups, with emphasis on encouraging the individual to say "no.

Comparison of personality variables and values among dental students, practitioners, and faculty.

Changes in personality and values in four classes of dental students at the University of Alabama School of Dentistry were reported in a previous paper. The purposes of this study were to determine the permanency of these changes after graduation and to compare the personalities and values of students and graduates to those of the faculty. Data were collected using the Myers-Briggs type indicator and the All-port-Vernon-Lindzey study of values.

Professional politics and the concepts of family therapy, family consultation, and systems consultation.

At a time when an increasing number of professionals are calling themselves "family therapists," many teachers and theorists in this field are troubled that the term "family therapy" no longer adequately characterizes the concepts or activities of the field. Recently, clinical, political, and economic circumstances have emerged that suggest the need for alternatives to the role of "family therapist." By adding the roles of family consultant and systems consultant, we can open up new options for ourselves and our clients.

Feminist attitudes and mother-daughter relationships in adolescence.

In spite of the growing amount of research on women's issues, there are few empirical studies of mother-daughter relationships, and almost none on the effects of the major women's movement of our times on relationships between mothers and daughters. In this study of late adolescent daughters' perceptions of their relationships with their mothers, two alternative hypotheses are examined: (1) feminism, with its emphasis on bonding among women, strengthens relations between adolescent daughters and their mothers, or (2) feminism as a force of social change, both attitudinal and behavioral, weakens the adolescent daughter-mother relationship. Based on 102 questionnaires completed by university-age women in the winter of 1983, it was found that the majority of daughters who have a good relationship with their mothers see both themselves and their mothers as feminist.

A beginner's guide to the problem-oriented first family interview.

The large volume and diversity of family therapy resources can often confuse trainees who are in need of more abbreviated guidelines for managing their clinical responsibilities. This paper presents a structured outline of a problem-oriented first family interview for the family therapy supervisor and the beginning family therapist. We view the first interview as an integrated process including the important tasks preceding and following the initial family meeting.

Analysis of personality traits of the contemporary dental student.

The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (AVL) and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) were administered to four classes of students upon their matriculation into dental school and readministered during each year until graduation. Over the four years, scores on the economic and political scales of the AVL increased significantly but decreased significantly on the social scale. Female students were more aesthetic than males and less politically inclined.

Multiple theoretical approaches to supervision: choices in family therapy training.

The supervision techniques used in structural, strategic, family-of-origin, and experiential family therapy training are discussed and compared, with emphasis on the isomorphism between supervision and therapy in each school. The usefulness of each supervisory model is related to supervisees' needs at different levels of training. Recommendations are made about the sequence of family therapy training, including the utility of eclectic versus purist family therapy training programs for trainees at different levels of experience.

Psychologically mediated effect on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin in humans.

Recent research with animals has indicated a central nervous system effect on the immune system. This report describes findings of a possible psychologically mediated effect on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin in humans. Seven tuberculin positive subjects evidenced a decreased response to tuberculin (as measured by erythema and induration) when a paradigm similar to behavioral conditioning was followed where the subjects expected their reactions to be negative.