Dedifferentiation of patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme cell lines results in a cancer stem cell-like state with mitogen-independent growth.

Emerging evidence shows that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs). Characterization of CSC-specific signalling pathways would help identify new therapeutic targets and perhaps lead to the development of more efficient therapies selectively targeting CSCs. Here; we successfully dedifferentiated two patient-derived GBM cell lines into CSC-like cells (induced glioma stem cells, iGSCs) through expression of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog transcription factors.

Recurrent genomic rearrangements in primary testicular lymphoma.

Primary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PTL) is an aggressive malignancy that occurs in the immune-privileged anatomical site of the testis. We have previously shown that structural genomic rearrangements involving the MHC class II transactivator CIITA and programmed death ligands (PDLs) 1 and 2 are frequent across multiple B cell lymphoma entities. Specifically in PTL, we found rearrangements in the PDL locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

CKD and the risk of acute, community-acquired infections among older people with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Hospital admissions for community-acquired infection are increasing rapidly in the United Kingdom, particularly among older individuals, possibly reflecting an increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study describes associations between CKD (excluding patients treated by dialysis or transplantation) and community-acquired infection incidence among older people with diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics admissions data.

Are pre-existing markers of chronic kidney disease associated with short-term mortality following acute community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis? A cohort study among older people with diabetes using electronic health records.

Background: We aimed to examine whether pre-existing impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria were associated with mortality following community-acquired pneumonia or sepsis among people aged ≥ 65 years with diabetes mellitus, without end-stage renal disease.

Methods: Patients were followed up from onset of first community-acquired pneumonia or sepsis episode in a cohort study using large, linked electronic health databases. Follow-up was for up to 90 days, unlimited by hospital discharge.

Psychological factors and trimester-specific gestational weight gain: a systematic review.

Excess gestational weight gain (GWG), which has reached epidemic proportions, is associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early pregnancy provides a unique opportunity for counseling pregnant women since many women are motivated to engage in healthy behaviors. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the relation between psychological factors and trimester-specific GWG, i.

American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change.

Existing radiocarbon ((14)C) dates on American mastodon (Mammut americanum) fossils from eastern Beringia (Alaska and Yukon) have been interpreted as evidence they inhabited the Arctic and Subarctic during Pleistocene full-glacial times (∼ 18,000 (14)C years B.P.).

Is there an economic rationale for cancer drugs to have a separate reimbursement review process for resource allocation purposes?

In Canada, there are two separate review processes for the public reimbursement of drugs: one for cancer drugs (originally called the Joint Oncology Drug Review [JODR] and now called the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review [pCODR]) and one for drugs in all other disease areas (called the Common Drug Review). We explore whether a justification that is derived from an economic perspective has been provided, in Canada or elsewhere, for cancer drugs to have a separate reimbursement review process (i.e.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Purpose: To report spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in a patient with Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Methods: Case report, image analysis, and literature review.

Results: A 71-year-old woman presented with decreased vision, cotton-wool spots, and a deep whitish polygonal lesion in her left eye, which was hyperreflective on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Paraneoplastic vitelliform retinopathy in a patient with treated choroidal melanoma.

Purpose: To describe a peculiar case of paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy/retinopathy in a patient with treated choroidal melanoma.

Methods: A case report of a 58-year-old woman with a history of treated choroidal melanoma 16 years before developing visual changes in the setting of metastatic choroidal melanoma.

Results: We demonstrate bilateral, multifocal vitelliform subretinal lesions and focal, neurosensory retinal detachment associated with metastatic melanoma.

Chronic exogenous exophiala dermatitidis endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To describe a case of chronic exogenous Exophiala dermatitidis endophthalmitis.

Methods: Retrospective chart review and case report.

Results: A 60-year-old man with history of chronic herpes zoster keratitis complicated by secondary fungal keratitis treated with penetrating keratoplasty presented with a white cataract, chronic anterior uveitis, and counting fingers vision in the left eye.

Acute retinal necrosis secondary to multidrug-resistant herpes simplex virus 2 in an immunocompetent adolescent.

Purpose: To report the clinical course of a patient with acute retinal necrosis resulting from a multidrug-resistant strain of herpes simplex virus 2.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 17-year-old man with no identifiable immune deficiency presented with pain and decreased vision in his left eye.

Clinical presentation of chorioretinitis sclopetaria.

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations of a case of chorioretinitis sclopetaria.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 30-year-old prison inmate sustained a traumatic injury to his left eye.

Struggling towards diagnosis: experiences of Iranian diabetes.

Background: Healthcare-seeking behavior is one of the factors determining the uptake and outcome of healthcare. However, few studies have discussed how and why diabetics seek healthcare assistance before meeting a physician.

Objectives: In this study, we explored the subjective experiences of healthcare-seeking behavior among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Discovery of (R)-1-(7-chloro-2,2-bis(fluoromethyl)chroman-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea (A-1165442): a temperature-neutral transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) antagonist with analgesic efficacy.

The synthesis and characterization of a series of selective, orally bioavailable 1-(chroman-4-yl)urea TRPV1 antagonists is described. Whereas first-generation antagonists that inhibit all modes of TRPV1 activation can elicit hyperthermia, the compounds disclosed herein do not elevate core body temperature in preclinical models and only partially block acid activation of TRPV1. Advancing the SAR of this series led to the eventual identification of (R)-1-(7-chloro-2,2-bis(fluoromethyl)chroman-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea (A-1165442, 52), an analogue that possesses excellent pharmacological selectivity, has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and demonstrates good efficacy against osteoarthritis pain in rodents.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in eyes with acute ischaemic retinal whitening.

Acute retinal ischaemia presents in various forms depending on the type and location of the associated vascular occlusion. Cotton wool spots have been considered one manifestation of ischaemia and represent swelling in the nerve fibre layer. However, clinical retinal whitening also occurs in areas not affected by cotton wool spots, and has distinguishing spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features.

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Patients with Acute Syphilitic Panuveitis.

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in patients with acute syphilitic panuveitis.

Methods: Retrospective case series and comprehensive literature review.

Results: Including present and previously reported cases, we identified 11 eyes in 8 patients with acute syphilitic panuveitis that developed a rhegmatogenous RD.

Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for acute community-acquired infections in high-income countries: a systematic review.

Objective: A systematic review of the association of predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the incidence of acute, community-acquired infections.

Design: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases (inception to 16 January 2014) for studies analysing the association of predialysis kidney disease with the incidence of acute, community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), lower respiratory tract or central nervous system infections or sepsis. Studies were required to include at least 30 participants with and without kidney disease.

En face spectral domain optical coherence tomography analysis of lamellar macular holes.

Purpose: To analyze the anatomical characteristics of lamellar macular holes using cross-sectional and en face spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Forty-two lamellar macular holes were retrospectively identified for analysis. The location, cross-sectional length, and area of lamellar holes were measured using B-scans and en face imaging.

Race disparities in peptide profiles of North American and Kenyan Wilms tumor specimens.

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer worldwide and arises in children of black African ancestry with greater frequency and severity than other race groups. A biologic basis for this pediatric cancer disparity has not been previously determined. We hypothesized that unique molecular fingerprints might underlie the variable incidence and distinct disease characteristics of WT observed between race groups.

Deciding on home or hospital birth: results of the Ontario Choice of Birthplace Survey.

Objective: decision-making autonomy regarding where to give birth is associated with maternal satisfaction with childbirth but how women decide their location of birth is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand how pregnant women in Ontario, Canada decide to give birth at home or hospital and why they choose one birthplace over another.

Design: a mixed methods survey completed by midwifery clients in Ontario pertaining to sources of information about choice of birthplace and decision-making priorities.

Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery: a large, international, prospective cohort study establishing diagnostic criteria, characteristics, predictors, and 30-day outcomes.

Background: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) was defined as prognostically relevant myocardial injury due to ischemia that occurs during or within 30 days after noncardiac surgery. The study's four objectives were to determine the diagnostic criteria, characteristics, predictors, and 30-day outcomes of MINS.

Methods: In this international, prospective cohort study of 15,065 patients aged 45 yr or older who underwent in-patient noncardiac surgery, troponin T was measured during the first 3 postoperative days.

Sensitivity of fluid detection in patients with neovascular amd using spectral domain optical coherence tomography high-definition line scans.

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of the Cirrus high-definition (HD) 5-line raster scans for detecting retinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration when using the spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular cubes as a gold standard.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified from their initial follow-up visit after being newly diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in at least one eye. Patients were imaged with Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography using the 512 × 128 macular cube scan and HD 5-line raster scan settings.

Facilitators and barriers of adaptation to diabetes: experiences of Iranian patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging and burdensome chronic diseases of the 21st century and More than 1% of the Iranian urban population older than 20 years develops Type 2 diabetes each year. Living with diabetes mellitus has been described as a dynamic personal transitional adaptation, based on restructuring of the illness perceived experience and management of the self. Adaptation to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is an integral part of diabetes care.