Solvent effect in sonochemical synthesis of metal-alloy nanoparticles for use as electrocatalysts.

Nanomaterials are now widely used in the fabrication of electrodes and electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a sonochemical study of the synthesis of molybdenum and palladium alloy nanomaterials supported on functionalized carbon material in various solvents: hexadecane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and Ionic liquids (ILs). The objective was to identify simple and more environmentally friendly design and fabrication methods for nanomaterial synthesis that are suitable as electrocatalysts in electrochemical applications.

Actively caring to prevent bullying in an elementary school: Prompting and rewarding prosocial behavior.

This field study evaluated the impact of an intervention designed to prevent bullying among elementary-school students by prompting and rewarding prosocial behavior. More specifically, teachers of 404 second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students from an elementary school in northeast Virginia asked their students to look out for other students' prosocial behaviors (termed "actively caring") and to submit their stories about actively caring. At the start of every class day, the teachers read three of these stories and recognized one story and the two associated students (i.

Intervening to promote statements of gratitude: Informative incongruity between intention and behavior.

Two studies examined interventions to increase the frequency of gratitude expression among college students in two large lecture classes of an Introduction to Psychology course at a large university in southwest Virginia. Both studies evaluated the impact of a writing exercise designed to increase intentions to express gratitude in a prescribed manner. In addition, participants in both studies were given one week to express gratitude to people who performed prosocial behavior.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease and comorbid major depressive disorder.

Background: Depression has been recognized as a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in PD patients.

Objective: The authors sought to determine whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment of depression within the context of PD (dPD).

Method: The authors enrolled 8 depressed PD patients into an open treatment study of 12 weeks of individual CBT treatment.

Aprotinin decreases exposure to allogeneic blood during primary unilateral total hip replacement.

Background: Aprotinin, a hemostatic agent, regulates fibrinolysis, modulates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, stabilizes platelet function, and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of serine proteases, such as trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein. Aprotinin has been used successfully for many years in cardiac operations, and there have been preliminary investigations of its use in hip replacement operations. The objectives of this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aprotinin as a blood-sparing agent in patients undergoing an elective primary unilateral total hip replacement and to examine its effect on the prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis in this population.

Comparison of enoxaparin and warfarin for the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease after total hip arthroplasty. Evaluation during hospitalization and three months after discharge.

Background: Venous thromboembolic disease in the form of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is a major risk after a total hip arthroplasty. Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, has been shown to reduce the prevalence of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty. Warfarin, an orally administered anticoagulant, has been used historically to reduce the risk of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty.

A comparison of danaparoid and warfarin for prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement: The Danaparoid Hip Arthroplasty Investigators Group.

Orgaran (danaparoid sodium injection) is a novel antithrombotic agent. Early studies suggest that this compound may be beneficial in preventing deep vein thrombosis in predisposed patients. This multicenter, randomized, assessor blinded, clinical trial compared subcutaneous danaparoid with warfarin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

A safety and efficacy comparison study of two dosing regimens of epoetin alfa in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of perioperative Epoetin alfa in decreasing allogeneic transfusion exposure in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. A randomized, multicenter trial was conducted comparing the safety and efficacy of a weekly Epoetin alfa dosing regimen in patients with hemoglobin levels > or = 10 to < or = 13 g/dL scheduled to undergo major elective orthopedic arthroplasty, with a daily regimen previously shown to be effective. patients on the weekly regimen showed a greater baseline-to-presurgery hemoglobin increase versus the daily regimen group (1.

Intraoperative custom press-fit and standard press-fit femoral components in total hip arthroplasty. A comparison of surgery, charges, and early complications.

A consecutive group of 60 patients who had intraoperative custom press-fit total hip arthroplasties (67 hips; Identifit, Thackray, London, United Kingdom) was compared with a similar group of 60 patients who had standard press-fit arthroplasties (66 hips; McCutchen, Wright Medical Technologies, Arlington, Tennessee) to determine if there were differences in operative time and charges, as well as early complications and early radiographic results. The unilateral intraoperative custom group had an average anesthesia time of 3 hours, 39 minutes, an operating time of 2 hours and 26 minutes, and a blood loss of 725 mL. The averages for the standard group included an anesthesia time of 2 hours, 19 minutes, a surgical time of 1 hour, 25 minutes, and a blood loss of 480 mL.

Osseointegration of titanium implants in total hip arthroplasty.

Osseointegration is defined as direct contact on the light microscopic level between living bone tissue and the implant. Using titanium screw dental implants in the jaw, a lasting interface under loaded conditions extending over a 20-year follow-up period has been demonstrated. This demonstration brings up the question whether a similar interface can be achieved in total hip arthroplasty (THA) between living bone and a titanium alloy implant under necessitated conditions of immediate loading.

Sympathetic nervous withdrawal in the vasodepressor (vasovagal) reaction.

When 40 subjects had 134 ml of blood drawn, 8 of them developed hypotension. These 8 subjects were younger, and when they stood they decreased their systemic arterial pressure, pulse rate and plasma norepinephrine. In contrast, normal subjects increased all these parameters after standing.

A ten-year follow-up study of 170 Charnley total hip arthroplasties.

Between 1971 and 1974, 352 low-friction hip arthroplasties were performed on 296 patients using the precise Charnley technique. One hundred seventy hips in 145 patients were followed either for ten years or to the point at which revision of the total hip arthroplasty was made necessary by infection, aseptic loosening, chronic dislocation, or similar complications. The results of this evaluation revealed an overall revision rate to the ten-year level of 8.

Comparison of fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Two hundred ninety patients with femoral neck fractures of the Garden Type III or IV were treated during the years 1965 through 1978 using one of four types of internal fixation devices. The results divided the devices into two distinct groups. Those allowing highly stable fixation (Calandruccio compression and Deyerle devices) had a higher rate of union and a higher rate of early complications.