Muscle Metabolism During Multiple Muscle Stimulation Using an Affordable Equipment.

: Previous studies have shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), while expensive, can provide some of the health benefits of exercise to people who cannot exercise their legs normally. The aim of this study was to quantify the increases in muscle metabolism in four muscles of the legs of able-bodied individuals with NMES. : Healthy college-aged students were tested.

Malnutrition incidence in individuals with body-mass index >25 kg/m on admission to intensive care.

Precise and timely nutrition support is essential for good outcomes in a critical care setting. Individuals with body mass index (BMI) in the overweight or obese category are often assumed to be well nourished, and are therefore at risk of being overlooked for nutrition support. This single centre clinical audit evaluated the incidence of malnutrition on admission of patients with BMI > 25.

Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity Is Impaired Immediately Following Maximal Exercise.

Purpose: This study measured the time course mV̇O 2 max following both maximal and submaximal exercise.

Methods: Healthy male and female participants were tested ( n = 12 maximal and n = 8 submaximal exercise). A NIRS device was placed on the left medial gastrocnemius.

Variation in milk‑iodine concentration around the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the difference between season and dairy-production system.

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Milk and dairy products are important sources of iodine in many countries. We aimed to review systematically the variation in milk‑iodine concentration between countries, seasons and farming practice.

Validation of scores from a telephone administered multiple sclerosis walking scale-12 in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) has typically been delivered through paper-and-pencil or computer-based administration.

Purpose: This study examined the validity of inferences from scores derived via a telephone administration of the MSWS-12 applied as part of screening of participants with walking dysfunction into a clinical trial of exercise training in MS.

Method: The MSWS-12 was administered on two occasions separated by approximately 2 weeks through the telephone and then in-person (i.

Elevated blood pressure in children with cerebral palsy and its relationship with adiposity and physical activity.

Background: There is a high prevalance of hypertension in adults with with cerebral palsy (CP). However, less is known about blood pressure in children with CP.

Objective: The aim was to determine if blood pressure is elevated in children with CP and whether it is related to adiposity and physical activity.

A systematic review of the relationship between muscle oxygen dynamics and energy rich phosphates. Can NIRS help?

Background: Phosphocreatine dynamics provide the gold standard evaluation of in-vivo mitochondrial function and is tightly coupled with oxygen availability. Low mitochondrial oxidative capacity has been associated with health issues and low exercise performance.

Methods: To evaluate the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy-based muscle oxygen dynamics and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based energy-rich phosphates, a systematic review of the literature related to muscle oxygen dynamics and energy-rich phosphates was conducted.

Evaluation of inter-rater and test-retest reliability for near-infrared spectroscopy reactive hyperemia measures.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive tool used to measure blood flow in peripheral tissues. More information on inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability of NIRS-based reperfusion assessments is needed.

Purpose: To assess inter-rater agreement for NIRS based data analysis, and evaluate the measurement's reliability across days.

Investigating Relationships Among Interoceptive Awareness, Emotional Susceptibility, and Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Fatigue is a particularly debilitating symptom for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although personality traits and MS have been studied, interoception and emotional susceptibility and their links to fatigue have not yet been explored.

Methods: Study participants provided demographic information and completed standardized patient-reported outcomes of walking function, physical activity, subjective fatigue, interoceptive awareness, and emotional susceptibility.

Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Physiological Target for Improving Physical Function and Mobility.

Impaired mobility is amongst the most debilitating symptoms reported by people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Historically, it has been viewed that walking impairments in people with MS are directly caused by the physical damage to the neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) which results from the immunopathology of MS. However, research from over the past 4 decades has revealed that physical function in people with MS is also affected by skeletal muscle dysfunction characterized by a reduced capacity to produce, regulate, and sustain the force-generating muscle contractions that propel human movement.

The role of worry in exercise and physical activity behavior of people with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a mixed methods exploration of fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. During initial analysis, worry emerged during discussions of the fatigue experience. The purpose of this study is to explore worry in relationship to exercise and physical activity behavior.

Lessons learned from clinical trials of exercise and physical activity in people with MS - guidance for improving the quality of future research.

The body of research on exercise and physical activity among persons with multiple sclerosis(MS) has expanded rapidly in quantity, but not necessarily quality, over the past 20+ years. There is evidence for beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity on immune cells and neurotrophic factors, brain structure and function, walking and cognitive performance, fatigue, depression, and pain, and quality of life among persons with MS. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in the outcomes of exercise and physical activity, and a recognition of substantial challenges for improving the effectiveness of those behaviors in MS.

Is Sleep Disordered Breathing Confounding Rehabilitation Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury Research?

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of considering sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) as a potential confounder to rehabilitation research interventions in spinal cord injury (SCI). SDB is highly prevalent in SCI, with increased prevalence in individuals with higher and more severe lesions, and the criterion standard treatment with continuous positive airway pressure remains problematic. Despite its high prevalence, SDB is often untested and untreated in individuals with SCI.

Impact of marriage on physical activity behavior in women with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Adopting and continuing physical activity (PA) is critical for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). The role that spouses or partners play in the adoption and continuation of PA in women with MS has yet to be explored.

Methods: Nine women with MS and their respective spouses volunteered for in-depth, semi-structured interviews that lasted approximately an hour.

Measuring tibial hemodynamics and metabolism at rest and after exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy.

The bone vascular system is important, yet evaluation of bone hemodynamics is difficult and expensive. This study evaluated the utility and reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a portable and relatively inexpensive device, in measuring tibial hemodynamics and metabolic rate. Eleven participants were tested twice using post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique with the NIRS probes placed on the tibia and the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle.

Endurance of the Dorsal and Ventral Muscles in the Neck.

Endurance of the muscles of the neck are rarely studied. This study measured the endurance index (EI) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius muscles of the neck (trap). The vastus lateralis (VL) was used for comparison.

The new European guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease are misleading.

: The European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) have recently published three major revisions of their guidelines for the management of chronic heart disease, blood lipids, and diabetes. : We have scrutinized these guidelines in detail and found that the authors have ignored many studies that are in conflict with their conclusions and recommendations. : The authors of the guidelines have ignored that LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients with acute myocardial infarction is lower than normal; that high cholesterol is not a risk factor for diabetics; that the degree of coronary artery calcification is not associated with LDL-C; and that 27 follow-up studies have shown that people with high total cholesterol or LDL-C live just as long or longer than people with low cholesterol.

The Case for Measuring Long Bone Hemodynamics With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Diseases and associated fragility of bone is an important medical issue. There is increasing evidence that bone health is related to blood flow and oxygen delivery. The development of non-invasive methods to evaluate bone blood flow and oxygen delivery promise to improve the detection and treatment of bone health in human.

Chemical Pathology of Homocysteine VIII. Effects of Tocotrienol, Geranylgeraniol, and Squalene on Thioretinaco Ozonide, Mitochondrial Permeability, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Arteriosclerosis, Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Aging.

A century ago a fat-soluble vitamin from leafy vegetables, later named vitamin E, was discovered to enhance fertility in animals. Vitamin E consists of 8 isomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols, each containing chromanol groups that confer antioxidant properties and differ only in the 15-carbon saturated phytyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocopherols and the 15-carbon unsaturated farnesyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocotrienols. Although tocotrienol was first isolated from rubber plants in 1964, its importance in multiple disease processes was not recognized until two decades later, when the cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer effects were first reported.

Mitochondrial capacity using NIRS and incomplete recovery curves: Proximal and Medial Vastus Lateralis muscle.

Unlabelled: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity (mVO2max) as the recovery rate constant of muscle metabolism after exercise. The current method requires as many as 50 short ischemic occlusions to generate 2 recovery rate constants.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of using a 6-occlusion protocol (Mito6) versus one with 22 occlusions (Mito22) to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity.