Engaging indigenous patient partners in patient-oriented research: lessons from a one-year initiative.

Background: Patient-oriented research (POR) is a specific application of participatory research that promotes active patient engagement in health research. There is a growing concern that people involved in POR do not reflect the diversity of the population such research aims to serve, but are rather those more 'easily' engaged with institutions, organizations and society. Indigenous peoples are among such groups generally underrepresented in POR.

Patients' perspectives on how to improve diabetes care and self-management: qualitative study.

Objective: People living with diabetes need and deserve high-quality, individualised care. However, providing such care remains a challenge in many countries, including Canada. Patients' expertise, if acknowledged and adequately translated, could help foster patient-centred care.

Understanding community-based participatory research through a social movement framework: a case study of the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project.

Background: A longstanding challenge of community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been to anchor evaluation and practice in a relevant theoretical framework of community change, which articulates specific and concrete evaluative benchmarks. Social movement theories provide a broad range of theoretical tools to understand and facilitate social change processes, such as those involved in CBPR. Social movement theories have the potential to provide a coherent representation of how mobilization and collective action is gradually developed and leads to systemic change in the context of CBPR.

Reclaiming food security in the Mohawk community of Kahnawà:ke through Haudenosaunee responsibilities.

Indigenous Peoples are reclaiming their food security, nutrition, and well-being by revitalizing food systems, livelihoods, knowledge-systems, and governance. Our food security research is guided by sustainable self-determination that focuses on restoring Indigenous cultural responsibilities and relationships to land, each other, and the natural world (Corntassel, 2008). Our Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) research team from Kahnawà:ke, in Quebec, Canada, examines food insecurity experiences in our community to explore ways of upholding our Haudenosaunee responsibilities and enhancing local food security.

Evaluating an Indigenous health curriculum for diabetes prevention: engaging the community through talking circles and knowledge translation of results.

Background: Kahnawà:ke is a Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) community in Quebec, Canada. In 1997, the community-controlled Kateri Memorial Hospital Centre in partnership with the Kahnawake Education Center, and the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP) developed an elementary school diabetes prevention health education program, aimed to increase knowledge of Type 2 diabetes, healthy eating and active lifestyles. Long-term goals for KSDPP community and school interventions are to decrease obesity and diabetes.

Enhancing Indigenous Health Promotion Research Through Two-Eyed Seeing: A Hermeneutic Relational Process.

The intention of this article is to demonstrate how Indigenous and allied health promotion researchers learned to work together through a process of Two-Eyed Seeing. This process was first introduced as a philosophical hermeneutic research project on diabetes prevention within an Indigenous community in Quebec Canada. We, as a research team, became aware that hermeneutics and the principles of Haudenosaunee decision making were characteristic of Two-Eyed Seeing.

Active transportation to support diabetes prevention: Expanding school health promotion programming in an Indigenous community.

Background: School-based physical activity (PA) interventions, including school active transportation (AT), provide opportunities to increase daily PA levels, improves fitness, and reduces risk of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Based on a community-identified need, the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project, within an Indigenous community, undertook school travel planning to contribute to PA programming for two elementary schools.

Methods: Using community-based participatory research, the Active & Safe Routes to School's School Travel Planning (STP) process was undertaken in two schools with an STP-Committee comprised of community stakeholders and researchers.

Community capacity as an "inside job": evolution of perceived ownership within a university-aboriginal community partnership.

PURPOSE. To assess the evolution of perceived ownership of a university-Aboriginal community partnership across three project stages. DESIGN.

Can the democratic ideal of participatory research be achieved? An inside look at an academic-indigenous community partnership.

Democratic or equal participation in decision making is an ideal that community and academic stakeholders engaged in participatory research strive to achieve. This ideal, however, may compete with indigenous peoples' right to self-determination. Study objectives were to assess the perceived influence of multiple community (indigenous) and academic stakeholders engaged in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP) across six domains of project decision making and to test the hypothesis that KSDPP would be directed by community stakeholders.

Impact of a diabetes prevention program on body size, physical activity, and diet among Kanien'keha:ka (Mohawk) children 6 to 11 years old: 8-year results from the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project.

Objectives: Report the 8-year impact on body size, physical activity, and diet of a community-based diabetes prevention program for elementary-school children in a Kanien'keha:ka (Mohawk) community in Canada.

Methods: Follow-up (1994-1996) of subjects in the intervention and comparison community and repeat cross-sectional measurements in the intervention community alone from 1994 to 2002. Measures included triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, body mass index (BMI), weekly number of 15-minute episodes of physical activity, run/walk test times, television watching, and consumption of sugared foods, fatty foods, and fruits and vegetables.

Community governance of the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project, Kahnawake Territory, Mohawk Nation, Canada.

Health promotion emphasizes the importance of community ownership in the governance of community-based programmes, yet little research has been conducted in this area. This study examined perceptions of community ownership among project partners taking responsibility for decision-making related to the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP). Project partners were surveyed cross-sectionally at 18 months (T1) and 60 months (T2) into the project.

Implementing participatory intervention and research in communities: lessons from the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project in Canada.

Community public health interventions based on citizen and community participation are increasingly discussed as promising avenues for the reduction of health inequalities and the promotion of social justice. However, very few authors have provided explicit principles and guidelines for planning and implementing such interventions, especially when they are linked with research. Traditional approaches to public health programming emphasise expert knowledge, advanced detailed planning, and the separation of research from intervention.

Developing a Code of Research Ethics for research with a Native community in Canada: a report from the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project.

This paper describes the background and evolution of a Code of Research Ethics that was developed for a primary diabetes prevention project in the Native Mohawk community of Kahnawake in Canada. Embodying the principles of participatory research, this code was written by the researchers in conjunction with the community in the first year of the three-year project. The code ensures that the community is a full partner for the entire research process.

Participatory research with native community of Kahnawake creates innovative Code of Research Ethics.

Participatory research requires ethical guidelines to incorporate the needs of the partners, i.e., the researchers and the community.

The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project: intervention, evaluation, and baseline results of a diabetes primary prevention program with a native community in Canada.

Objectives: Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project is a 3-year community-based, primary prevention program for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a Mohawk community near Montreal, Canada. Objectives are to improve healthy eating and encourage more physical activity among elementary school children.

Methods: Intervention incorporates behavior change theory, Native learning styles, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, and a health promotion planning model.