Independent prognostic value of intravenous dipyridamole with technetium-99m sestamibi tomographic imaging in predicting cardiac events and cardiac-related hospital admissions.

Objectives: This study sought to establish the prognostic value of intravenous dipyridamole technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background: Optimal management of patients with coronary artery disease involves strategies designed to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death. The role of myocardial perfusion imaging using newer clinical techniques to determine risk and possible benefit from therapy has not been evaluated.

Clinical characteristics related to severity of sexual abuse: a study of seriously mentally ill youth.

Objective: In this study we examined demographic, social, and clinical variables related to sexual abuse histories in a sample of severely mentally ill youth.

Method: Data were collected via a retrospective chart review of all patients treated over a 5-year period (1987-1992) at a tertiary care public sector psychiatric hospital. The sample was divided into four groups: no history of sexual abuse (n = 226); isolated events (n = 62); intermittent abuse (n = 61); and chronic (n = 150).

Irreducible dorsal dislocation of the great toe interphalangeal joint: case report and literature review.

Irreducible dorsal dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe is rare. Few case reports can be found in the literature. Most cases have been treated with operative exploration of the joint and reduction through a dorsal midline incision.

Compact structures of d(CNG)n oligonucleotides in solution and their possible relevance to fragile X and related human genetic diseases.

We show that oligonucleotides of CNG tracts readily adopt compact DNA structures that move unusually fast on gels. Base composition does not explain this, and non-CNG triplets (including GNC) do not form such structures. Chemical probing and melting experiments suggest that the structures probably are not hairpins.

Sexually inappropriate behaviors in seriously mentally ill children and adolescents.

This study examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of sexually inappropriate behaviors in all youth treated at a tertiary care public sector psychiatric hospital over a 5-year period. A retrospective chart review was completed on 499 subjects. Subjects were grouped in four mutually exclusive categories: no inappropriate sexual behaviors (n = 296), hypersexual (n = 82), exposing (n = 39) and victimizing (n = 82) behaviors.

Systemic but not central administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuates LPS-induced fever in rats.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) limits fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and to determine whether such antipyretic action of this cytokine is outside or inside the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS effects on LPS-induced fever were tested by injecting a subpyrogenic amount (0.20 microgram) of human recombinant TNF (hrTNF) intracerebroventricularly or by slowly infusing into the anterior hypothalamus an amount previously measured in this brain region during LPS fever (0.

Cytokines and the acute phase response to influenza virus in mice.

This study characterized selected aspects of the acute phase response after intranasal inoculation of mice with two doses of mouse-adapted influenza virus differing in lethality. Mice given 140 plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus (58% survival) gradually decreased food and water intake to nearly zero over 6 days; survivors then slowly increased intakes. Declines in these behaviors were parallel to decreases in body temperature and general locomotor activity and were associated with elevated activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferons in lung lavage fluid.

Regulation of scatter factor production via a soluble inducing factor.

Scatter factor (SF) (also known as hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) is a fibroblast-derived cytokine that stimulates motility, proliferation, and morphogenesis of epithelia. SF may play major roles in development, repair, and carcinogenesis. However, the physiologic signals that regulate its production are not well delineated.

Changes in body temperature and circulating levels of interleukin-6 after intra-arterial injections or infusions of tumor necrosis factor alpha in guinea pigs.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is released systematically during the early phase of endotoxin induced fever. To study the effects of this cytokine in guinea pigs, 2 micrograms TNF were intra-arterially injected as a bolus or slowly infused within 60 min. Both modes of administration induced a biphasic elevation of the animals' abdominal temperature lasting 6 h and stimulated the release of endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like activity.

Central effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486 on lipopolysaccharide and stress-induced fever.

Intracerebroventricular administration of the glucocorticoid type II receptor antagonist RU-38486 leads to an increased fever after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in awake unrestrained rats, indicating that endogenous glucocorticoids act centrally to lower temperature after the intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The current study examined where in the brain glucocorticoids exert these effects on fever and if these effects involve plasma interleukin-6 and corticosterone. RU-38486 injected intracerebroventricularly (10 ng/animal) led to a significantly greater rise in biotelemetered body temperature (BT) 120-240 min post-LPS (50 mg/kg ip) compared with controls (0.

Hepatic adenoma: MR characteristics and correlation with pathologic findings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR appearance of hepatic adenomas and correlate the MR imaging features with pathologic findings.

Materials And Methods: MR examinations were performed in 14 patients with 66 hepatic adenomas. The diagnosis of hepatic adenoma was proved pathologically in nine patients (22 lesions).

Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

These practice parameters review the literature on children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Because this literature is sparse, information is also drawn from research with adults. Clinical features in youth with schizophrenia include predominance in males, high rate of premorbid abnormalities, increased family history of schizophrenia, and often poor outcome.

Interleukin-1 beta causes the increase in anterior hypothalamic interleukin-6 during LPS-induced fever in rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine, using push-pull perfusion, whether the central pyrogenic action of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rats is induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and to determine the source of the hypothalamic IL-6 (i.e., from the periphery or from the brain).

Attenuation of fever and release of cytokines after repeated injections of lipopolysaccharide in guinea-pigs.

1. The effects of repeated injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 3 day intervals on abdominal temperature and systemic release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-like and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like activity were measured in guinea-pigs. 2.

Unstable angina: prognosis, noninvasive risk assessment, and strategies for management.

Risk stratification in patients with unstable angina is a major clinical problem with important therapeutic implications. Antiplatelet therapy is clearly effective in reducing the occurrence of myocardial infarction and death in this syndrome. Interventions including coronary bypass surgery and coronary angioplasty are frequently recommended for these patients, but the most appropriate application of these techniques needs to be further defined.

Clinical features and outcome of child and adolescent schizophrenia.

Subjects admitted 12 months or more previously to two child and adolescent psychiatric units in New Zealand and the United States with a diagnosis of non-organic, nonautistic psychosis, were contacted and those who received a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia were studied (n = 33 [New Zealand] and n = 24 [United States]). Premorbid and first-episode data were obtained from the admission record using global clinical measures of moderate reliability, outcome diagnosis and status by interviews, and professional and family reports. Mean ages at onset were 13.

Effects of intravenous theophylline on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia: II. A concentration-dependent phenomenon.

Objectives: The effects of varying concentrations of theophylline on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia were evaluated in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Background: Theophylline is a competitive antagonist of adenosine and may have potential as an anti-ischemic medication. It is not known whether these effects on myocardial ischemia are concentration dependent.

Role of hypothalamic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in LPS fever in rat.

The purpose of this study was to determine, using push-pull perfusion, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1-like, IL-6-like, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-like activity in the anterior hypothalamus during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rats. Additionally, slow anterior hypothalamic infusions of human recombinant IL-6 (hrIL-6) or TNF (hrTNF) for several hours were performed to determine possible febrile effects of these two cytokines. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was infused as a control.

A follow-up study of early onset psychosis: comparison between outcome diagnoses of schizophrenia, mood disorders, and personality disorders.

This study examined the outcome of youth previously diagnosed with psychotic disorders at a public-sector tertiary care hospital. Of 95 children and adolescents retrospectively identified, follow-up information (mean interval 3.9 years) was obtained on 24 subjects with an outcome diagnosis of schizophrenia, 9 with psychotic mood disorders, 5 with personality disorders (antisocial or borderline), and 1 with schizo-affective disorder.

Glucocorticoids alter fever and IL-6 responses to psychological stress and to lipopolysaccharide.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether glucocorticoids exert inhibitory feedback on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever, stress-induced fever (exposure to an open field), and plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-like activity in biotelemetered rats. Injections of LPS (50 micrograms/kg) or exposure to an open field (30 min) led to significantly higher fevers in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats than in sham-ADX rats. To test the hypothesis that higher fevers were specifically the result of an absence of glucocorticoids, the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486 (20 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats with intact adrenal glands.

Children on child protective service caseloads: prevalence and nature of serious emotional disturbance.

A multivariate, criterion-referenced approach was used to assess prevalence of serious emotional disturbance among children on protective service case loads. Of 140 recipients of protective services, 72% were statistically indistinguishable from children in Washington State's most intensive mental health treatment programs. School problems, substance abuse, and antisocial behaviors were common in the sample, as were family histories of mental illness or substance abuse.