Emergency Medication Access and Administration in Schools: A Focus on Epinephrine, Albuterol Inhalers, and Glucagon.

Access to emergency medications is a growing concern, particularly regarding the availability, safety, and use of these medications in schools. The purpose of this article is to report results not previously published from a national survey, specifically regarding the emergency use of epinephrine, albuterol inhalers, and glucagon. A nonexperimental, cross-sectional design was utilized for this descriptive study.

A comparison of a specialist autism spectrum disorder assessment team with local assessment teams.

Background: Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is of crucial importance, but lengthy delays are common. We examined whether this issue could be reliably addressed by local teams trained by a specialist ASD assessment team.

Method: Four local teams were trained in diagnostic assessment.

Novel wavelengths for laser nerve stimulation.

Background: Laser light is known to stimulate nerves. This study investigated alternative wavelengths for nerve stimulation.

Materials And Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were irradiated with four different lasers-a Ho:YAG (2100 nm), a Yb:glass fiber laser (1495 nm) and diode lasers (1450 nm and 1540 nm).

The anatomical basis of the resisted supination external rotation test for superior labral anterior to posterior lesions.

The majority of clinical tests used to diagnose superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions of the shoulder have poor diagnostic accuracy, possibly related to a lack of anatomical validity for test procedures. The resisted supination external rotation (RSER) test is suggested to reproduce symptoms associated with a SLAP lesion by placing stress on the labrum through increasing tension in biceps brachii long head. The test requires supination of the forearm against resistance, while the shoulder is externally rotated passively.

Femtosecond laser ablation of the stapes.

A femtosecond laser, normally used for LASIK eye surgery, is used to perforate cadaveric human stapes. The thermal side effects of bone ablation are measured with a thermocouple in an inner ear model and are found to be within acceptable limits for inner ear surgery. Stress and acoustic events, recorded with piezoelectric film and a microphone, respectively, are found to be negligible.

Flattop laser irradiance profile for stimulation of cutaneous nociceptors.

Objective: A nerve stimulator based on a CO2 laser has been developed for use in human pain research. A flattened irradiance profile was generated for safer and more uniform pain stimulation. The pain evoked by the flattened profile was compared to a TEM00 profile.

Time and frequency resolved XeCl laser-induced mechanical transients in otic capsule bone.

Objective: This study identifies the presence of photoacoustic waves during excimer laser treatment of porcine otic capsule bone.

Background Data: Pulsed ultraviolet lasers have been suggested for use in middle ear surgery due to their potential for fiberoptic delivery, decreased thermal trauma, and precise ablation characteristics. However, the short pulse width of excimer lasers (typically 10-150 ns) can create large thermoelastic stresses in the ablation specimen.

Gentle teaching and applied behavior analysis: a critical review.

In recent years, there has been a growing controversy surrounding gentle teaching. This paper explores the nature of this controversy with particular reference to the relationship between gentle teaching and applied behavior analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed, and it is suggested that gentle teaching and applied behavior analysis need not be regarded as mutually exclusive approaches to working with persons with mental retardation.

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction versus intrahepatic disorder. Differentiation with hepatobiliary scintigraphy and ultrasonography.

In 43 patients with various hepatobiliary disorders, we compared retrospectively the sensitivity and specificity of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and ultrasonography in diagnosing extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Hepatic uptake of radioactivity from the circulation was assessed by early scintiscan at 2 min, and the clearance ratio was combined with transit time in the interpretation of hepatobiliary scintiscans. The transit time was defined as the time taken by detectable radioactivity to appear in the extrahepatic biliary tree or small intestine, whichever occurred sooner.

The association of Streptococcus bovis fecal carriage and colon neoplasia: possible relationship with polyps and their premalignant potential.

We designed a study to evaluate the fecal carrier rate of Streptococcus bovis in patients with endoscopically proven colonic polyps. Benign polyps (n = 63), i.e.

Paraganglioma of the duodenum: a case report.

Paraganglioma of the duodenum is a tumor which typically occurs in the ampullary region and which has been regarded as benign. This patient, as well as most of the 25 similar cases previously described, presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis may be elusive, particularly when a Billroth II anastomosis has been done previously.

Ataxia-telangiectasia and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multi-system disease involving the cerebellum, cutaneous blood vessels and the immune system including both cellular and humoral components. It also involves hematological, endocrine and peripheral nervous systems. This disease is often associated with abnormal liver function tests, such as, raised alkaline phosphatase and various nonspecific histological changes in the liver.

Primary Crohn's disease of the appendix: report of 14 cases and review of the literature.

Fourteen patients with primary Crohn's disease of the appendix have been seen in a 12 year period. These patients represent 12.8% of the total number undergoing surgical resection because of Crohn's disease.

Postgastrectomy bezoars.

Sixteen cases of postgastrectomy bezoars were diagnosed and treated in the period of five years. Various mechanisms of their information, symptomatology and therapy are discussed. We believe postgastrectomy bezoars are relatively frequent but often missed entities.