Relationships between toxicopathic hepatic lesions and exposure to chemical contaminants in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from selected marine sites on the Pacific Coast, USA.

Relationships between hepatic lesions and chemical contaminant concentrations in sediments, stomach contents, liver tissue, and bile were statistically evaluated in three species of bottomfish, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), captured from 27 urban and nonurban sites on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to southern California. Lesions detected were neoplasms, preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, unique or specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, nonspecific degenerative/necrotic lesions, and hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In general, lesion prevalences were significantly higher in all three species captured at chemically contaminated urban sites, and certain lesions had significantly higher relative risks of occurrence at urban sites in Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the vicinity of Los Angeles, and San Diego Bay.

Madelung disease: MR findings.

Two cases of Madelung disease (benign symmetrical lipomatosis) are presented. The MR findings in this striking condition are demonstrated. Short-repetition-time/short-echo time sequences nicely show the relationship of the cervical lipomatous accumulations to the airway and major neurovascular structures in the carotid spaces.

Relationships between hepatic neoplasms and related lesions and exposure to toxic chemicals in marine fish from the U.S. West Coast.

English sole (Parophrys vetulus) inhabiting polluted waterways and embayments of Puget Sound, Washington, are affected with a variety of multiple, co-occurring idiopathic hepatic lesions, including unique degenerative conditions, putatively preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, and neoplasms. Results of a statistical analysis of the patterns of co-occurrence of these lesions in wild English sole are consistent with the concept that these lesions represent morphologically identifiable steps forming a sequence of progression ultimately leading to the development of hepatic neoplasms. This progressive sequence parallels the pattern identified in experimental models of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents.

Consistent associations between hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediment.

A consistent and statistically significant association between prevalence of hepatic neoplasms in free-living sole (Parophrys vetulus) and levels of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediment from sites of fish capture was documented in a series of studies conducted over a period of 7 years in Puget Sound, Washington. This result strengthens the evidence supporting a causal relationship between exposure to sediment-associated hydrocarbons and development of hepatic neoplasms in this bottom-dwelling marine fish species. Prevalences of two other distinct categories of idiopathic hepatic lesions-megalocytic hepatosis and steatosis/hemosiderosis-also showed consistent, statistically significant associations with polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in bottom sediment, and association with prevalence of a third category (putatively preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration) approached statistical significance.

Overview of studies on liver carcinogenesis in English sole from Puget Sound; evidence for a xenobiotic chemical etiology. I: Pathology and epizootiology.

Livers of wild English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from polluted waterways and embayments of Puget Sound, Washington, are affected by a spectrum of multiple, co-occurring idiopathic hepatic lesions, including neoplasms, putative preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, and unique degeneration conditions. Results from a statistical analysis of the patterns of co-occurrence of these lesions in wild English sole indicate that these lesions represent morphologically identifiable steps leading to the development of hepatic neoplasms. This sequence parallels the lesion progression in experimental models of chemically induced liver carcinogenesis in rodents.

Uptake of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an urban estuary.

A study was conducted to assess the potential for uptake of toxic chemicals by down-stream migrant salmon in an urban estuary. Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were collected from the Duwamish Waterway (located in Seattle, Washington) and from the Nisqually River (a reference site). The mean concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the stomach contents (food organisms) of salmon from the Duwamish Waterway were approximately 650 times and 4 times, respectively, higher than those in salmon from the Nisqually River.

Nurse performance: strengths and weaknesses.

The present report compares four sets of performance data from two studies in which the same instrument was used. Head nurses' rankings of staff nurses' performance on 52 specific skills were compared with the staff nurses' own rankings. The findings are in remarkable agreement on the skills that nurses perform well and those that need improvement.

Myocardial protection with blood cardioplegia in ischemically injured hearts: reduction of reoxygenation injury with allopurinol.

Myocellular injury mediated by oxygen radicals potentially limits myocardial protection in ischemically damaged hearts. This damage may be greater with oxygen-carrying blood cardioplegic solutions. A major mechanism of oxygen radical production is the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.

Field and laboratory studies of the etiology of liver neoplasms in marine fish from Puget Sound.

A series of field studies was conducted between 1979 and 1985 in Puget Sound, Washington State, to investigate etiological relationships between prevalences of hepatic neoplasms in bottom-dwelling marine fish species, with emphasis on English sole (Parophrys vetulus), and concentrations of toxic chemicals in sediments and affected fish. Statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) correlations have been found between the prevalences of hepatic neoplasms in English sole and the following parameters: sediment concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons, and concentrations of the metabolites of aromatic compounds in the bile of affected sole.

Pathologic anatomy and patterns of occurrence of hepatic neoplasms, putative preneoplastic lesions, and other idiopathic hepatic conditions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington.

A comprehensive description of the histopathologic characteristics of a spectrum of idiopathic lesions in feral English sole (Parophrys vetulus), a bottom-dwelling flatfish, from Puget Sound, Washington State, is presented. Among these lesions are unique degenerative conditions, regeneration, storage disorders, foci of hepatocellular alteration (putative preneoplastic lesions), hepatocellular and biliary neoplasms, and nonneoplastic proliferative conditions, all of which morphologically resemble the lesions induced by various hepatocarcinogens-hepatotoxins in experimental exposures of fish and/or rodents. Results from a statistical analysis of the patterns of co-occurrence of these lesions in English sole are consistent with the concept, developed from experimental studies of liver carcinogenesis in rodents, that there are morphologically identifiable steps representing progression toward hepatic neoplasms.

Toxic chemicals in sediments and biota from a creosote-polluted harbor: relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus).

High prevalences of idiopathic hepatic lesions, including neoplasms (e.g., hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocellular carcinomas) (27%, 20 of 75 fish) and foci of cellular alteration (putative 'preneoplastic' lesions) (44%, 33 of 75 fish), were found in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to creosote-contaminated sediments in Eagle Harbor, Puget Sound, WA.

Toxic chemicals in marine sediment and biota from Mukilteo, Washington: relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus).

High prevalences of idiopathic liver lesions, including 7.5% hepatic neoplasms (e.g.

Pathology of hepatomas and other liver abnormalities in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from the Duwamish River estuary, Seattle, Washington.

Liver abnormalities were found, by gross and histopathologic examination, in 92% of the English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from the Duwamish River Estuary, Seattle, Washington. Hepatomas were found in 32% (20 of 62) of the English sole. Other observed liver aberrations included increased fatty vacuolation, congestion, structure disarray, increased size and number of melanin-macrophage centers, centrolobular fatty degeneration and necrosis, increased amounts of perivascular connective tissue, intercellular melanin deposits, and hepatocellular hypertrophy often associated with the presence of bizarre nuclei and/or multiple nucleoli.