Associations of sexual orientation and state-level antidiscrimination policy protections with alcohol, tobacco, and mental health outcomes in a U.S. sample of adolescents and adults.

Introduction: Structural stigma has important health implications for sexual minority individuals, including alcohol and tobacco use, and mental health. This study examined associations of structural stigma with alcohol and tobacco use and internalizing symptoms while considering sexual identity changes and multiple dimensions of sexual orientation among adolescents and adults in the U.S.

Heterogeneity in Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives by Age in Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.

Objective: Adolescent (12-17 years) and young adult (18-25 years) prescription opioid misuse (POM) is linked to poor health outcomes. We investigated how POM motives vary across these ages and the potential links between motives and other substance use, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics to help guide screening and prevention.

Methods: Pooled 2015-2019 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used, with 137,858 participants.

Are the Effects of Poor Survey Measurement of Sexual Identity on Estimated Associations between Sexual Identity and Health-Related Measures Moderated by the State-Level Policy Environment?

Including a "something else" response option for survey questions about sexual identity significantly moderates estimated differences between sexual identity subgroups in terms of behaviors and attitudes reported in U.S. health surveys.

ZIP8 Is Upregulated in the Testis of Mice.

Background/objectives: Manganese is an essential nutrient involved in various biological processes, including reproductive health, yet the mechanisms regulating its homeostasis in the testis remain poorly understood.

Methods And Results: In this study, we investigated the expression and regulation of key manganese transporters-ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10-in mouse testes. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that ZIP8 is expressed in the testes, while ZIP14 and ZnT10 were undetectable.

Expression of Manganese Transporters ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10 in Brain Barrier Tissues.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace mineral for brain function, but excessive accumulation can cause irreversible nervous system damage, highlighting the need for proper Mn balance. ZIP14, ZnT10, and ZIP8 are key transporters involved in maintaining Mn homeostasis, particularly in the absorption and excretion of Mn in the intestine and liver. However, their roles in the brain are less understood.

The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Background: Substance use and substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among college students. Information about the gap between substance use treatment need versus treatment receipt can guide efforts to increase service access. This study examined past-year DSM-5 SUD and receipt of treatment among US college students.

Neural mechanisms driving speech and language recovery following childhood stroke: a scoping review.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to inform future research priorities by collating evidence on neural correlates of speech and language recovery following childhood stroke.

Methods: Neuroimaging, motor speech, or language outcomes following childhood stroke (28 days to 18 years age) in the subacute to chronic community stages (care occurring after acute medical management, including inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, and community-based programs) were identified and extracted from Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Clinical databases.

Results: Of the 3990 studies screened, 11 met the inclusion criteria.

The Power of a Belief System: A Systematic Qualitative Synthesis of Spiritual Care for Patients with Brain Tumors.

: Diagnosis with a brain tumor is a critical event in the lives of patients and their families due to poor medical prognoses and complex clinical care. Spiritual care interventions have been known to have meaningful effects in morbid diagnoses and palliative medicine, but their role in the neuro-oncologic patient's experience is poorly understood. This systematic review explores the role of spirituality and its relevance to patient care in the diverse setting of brain tumors.

A national longitudinal study of sexual orientation discordance, sexual identity fluidity, and alcohol and other drug use disorder symptoms.

Many national studies fail to account for discordance between sexual orientation dimensions (e.g. a mismatch between sexual identity and sexual attraction) or sexual identity fluidity (e.

Supportive-leadership training to improve social connection: A cluster-randomized trial demonstrating efficacy in a high-risk occupational context.

The high, and rate of loneliness is a threat to public health (Office of the Surgeon General, 2023), with negative mental and physical health consequences (e.g., Holt-Lunstad, 2021).

Longitudinal associations of e-cigarette use with cigarette, marijuana, and other drug use initiation among US adolescents and young adults: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health study (Waves 1-6).

Introduction: Research examining prospective links of e-cigarette use with cigarette, marijuana, and other substance use has been limited largely to 1-2-year follow-up periods and focused on younger adolescents. This study examined longitudinal associations of e-cigarette use with cigarette, marijuana, and other substance use initiation among U.S.

Chemotoxicity and Associated Risk Factors in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience multiple types of chemotoxicity affecting treatment compliance, survival, and quality of life (QOL). Prior research shows clinician-reported chemotoxicity (i.e.

Exploring oculomotor functions in a pilot study with healthy controls: Insights from eye-tracking and fMRI.

Eye-tracking techniques have gained widespread application in various fields including research on the visual system, neurosciences, psychology, and human-computer interaction, with emerging clinical implications. In this preliminary phase of our study, we introduce a pilot test of innovative virtual reality technology designed for tracking head and eye movements among healthy individuals. This tool was developed to assess the presence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), given the frequent association of oculomotor function deficits with such injuries.

Live chicken egg embryos as an alternative tumour model for deep surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Live chicken egg embryos offer new opportunities for evaluation and continuous monitoring of tumour growth for studies compared to traditional rodent models. Here, we report the first use of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping and surface enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS) for the detection and localisation of targeted gold nanoparticles in live chicken egg embryos bearing a glioblastoma tumour.

Post-January 6th deplatforming reduced the reach of misinformation on Twitter.

The social media platforms of the twenty-first century have an enormous role in regulating speech in the USA and worldwide. However, there has been little research on platform-wide interventions on speech. Here we evaluate the effect of the decision by Twitter to suddenly deplatform 70,000 misinformation traffickers in response to the violence at the US Capitol on 6 January 2021 (a series of events commonly known as and referred to here as 'January 6th').

Genetic Mapping and Phenotypic Analysis of on Eye and Antennae Development in .

Genetic screens are valuable for identifying novel genes involved in the regulation of developmental processes. To identify genes associated with cell growth regulation in , a mutagenesis screen was performed. Undergraduate students participating in Fly-CURE phenotypically characterized the mutant which is associated with rough eyes and antennae overgrowth.

Does the approach used to measure sexual identity affect estimates of health disparities differently by race? A randomized experiment from the National Survey of Family Growth.

The inclusion of "something else" as a response option for survey questions about sexual identity has been shown to significantly moderate estimated differences between sexual identity subgroups in the distributions of various health outcomes in national health surveys, specifically for substance use/misuse and reproductive health. This moderation effect may be larger depending on the respondent's race, possibly due to the intersectionality of multiple minority identities and compounding minority stressors. To test this hypothesis, we conducted secondary analyses of data from five consecutive years of the National Survey of Family Growth (2015-2019) [n = 18,903 (8510 males, 10,393 females)] in the United States, where respondents were randomly assigned to receive either a four-category version of the sexual identity question that included "something else" as a response option along with lesbian/gay, bisexual, and heterosexual, or a three-category version that omitted "something else.

Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue.

Sympathetic innervation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls mammalian adaptative thermogenesis. However, the cellular and molecular underpinnings contributing to BAT innervation remain poorly defined. Here, we show that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) support BAT growth, lipid utilization, and thermogenic plasticity.

Examining within-person associations between alcohol and cannabis use and hooking up among adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Objective: This study examined daily associations between alcohol use, cannabis use, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis/marijuana (SAM) use with the likelihood of hooking up (uncommitted sexual encounter that may or may not include intercourse).

Method: We used a longitudinal measurement burst ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with 3-week EMA bursts with daily measurements repeated quarterly across 12 months. 1,009 (57 % female, Mean age = 20.

Triamcinolone Acetonide Subconjunctival Injection as Stand-alone Inflammation Prophylaxis after Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of a single injection of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with that of postoperative topical prednisolone acetate (PA) with and without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cataract surgery prophylaxis.

Design: Retrospective, comparative effectiveness cohort study.

Participants: Patients at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2018 through 2021.